Table Of Content

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud: User Guide for Windows Instances Copyright © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Amazon. All other trademarks not owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Amazon. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Table of Contents What is Amazon EC2? ......................................................................................................................... 1 Features of Amazon EC2............................................................................................................. 1 How to get started with Amazon EC2 ........................................................................................... 1 Related services......................................................................................................................... 2 Access Amazon EC2 .................................................................................................................... 3 Pricing for Amazon EC2 .............................................................................................................. 3 PCI DSS compliance.................................................................................................................... 4 Set up.............................................................................................................................................. 5 Sign up for AWS ........................................................................................................................ 5 Create a key pair ........................................................................................................................ 5 Create a security group ............................................................................................................... 6 Get started tutorial ............................................................................................................................ 9 Overview................................................................................................................................... 9 Prerequisites............................................................................................................................ 10 Step 1: Launch an instance ........................................................................................................ 10 Step 2: Connect to your instance ............................................................................................... 11 Step 3: Clean up your instance.................................................................................................. 17 Next steps............................................................................................................................... 17 Best practices.................................................................................................................................. 18 Amazon Machine Images ................................................................................................................... 21 Boot modes............................................................................................................................. 21 Launch an instance ........................................................................................................... 22 AMI boot mode parameter................................................................................................ 24 Instance type boot mode .................................................................................................. 25 Instance boot mode .......................................................................................................... 25 Operating system boot mode............................................................................................ 26 Set AMI boot mode.......................................................................................................... 27 UEFI variables.................................................................................................................. 29 UEFI Secure Boot ............................................................................................................. 29 AWS Windows AMIs .................................................................................................................. 32 Select an initial Windows AMI ............................................................................................ 33 Keep your AMIs up to date ................................................................................................ 33 Virtualization types.......................................................................................................... 33 Configure your Windows AMI for faster launching ................................................................ 34 Managed AWS Windows AMIs ............................................................................................ 45 Specialized Windows AMIs ................................................................................................. 52 AWS Windows AMI version history ..................................................................................... 59 Find a Windows AMI............................................................................................................... 109 Find a Windows AMI using the Amazon EC2 console ........................................................... 110 Find an AMI using the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell ................................................... 111 Find an AMI using the AWS CLI ........................................................................................ 111 Find the latest Windows AMI using Systems Manager .......................................................... 111 Use a Systems Manager parameter to find an AMI .............................................................. 112 Shared AMIs........................................................................................................................... 115 Verified provider............................................................................................................. 115 Find shared AMIs ............................................................................................................ 115 Make an AMI public ........................................................................................................ 118 Share an AMI with organizations or OUs ........................................................................... 120 Share an AMI with specific AWS accounts .......................................................................... 128 Cancel having an AMI shared with your account ................................................................. 131 Use bookmarks.............................................................................................................. 132 Best practices for shared Windows AMIs ............................................................................ 132 Paid AMIs.............................................................................................................................. 133 Sell your AMI ................................................................................................................. 133 iii Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Find a paid AMI.............................................................................................................. 133 Purchase a paid AMI ....................................................................................................... 135 Get the product code for your instance ............................................................................. 135 Use paid support ............................................................................................................ 135 Bills for paid and supported AMIs ..................................................................................... 136 Manage your AWS Marketplace subscriptions ..................................................................... 136 AMI lifecycle.......................................................................................................................... 137 Create a custom Windows AMI ......................................................................................... 137 Copy an AMI .................................................................................................................. 152 Store and restore an AMI ................................................................................................ 159 Deprecate an AMI ........................................................................................................... 165 Deregister your AMI ........................................................................................................ 170 Recover AMIs from the Recycle Bin ................................................................................... 174 Automate the EBS-backed AMI lifecycle ............................................................................ 177 Use encryption with EBS-backed AMIs ....................................................................................... 177 Instance-launching scenarios............................................................................................ 178 Image-copying scenarios.................................................................................................. 180 Monitor AMI events ................................................................................................................ 182 AMI events.................................................................................................................... 183 Create Amazon EventBridge rules ..................................................................................... 184 Understand AMI billing........................................................................................................... 186 AMI billing fields............................................................................................................ 187 Find AMI billing information............................................................................................ 188 Verify AMI charges on your bill ........................................................................................ 190 AMI quotas............................................................................................................................ 190 Request a quota increase for AMIs .................................................................................... 191 Instances....................................................................................................................................... 192 Windows instances................................................................................................................. 192 Instances and AMIs ......................................................................................................... 192 Differences between Windows Server and Windows instances ............................................... 193 Design your applications to run on Windows instances ........................................................ 194 Instance types........................................................................................................................ 195 Instance type names ....................................................................................................... 195 Available instance types .................................................................................................. 196 Hardware specifications................................................................................................... 201 Instances built on the Nitro System .................................................................................. 202 Networking and storage features ...................................................................................... 203 Instance limits................................................................................................................ 206 General purpose............................................................................................................. 206 Compute optimized ........................................................................................................ 254 Memory optimized .......................................................................................................... 263 Storage optimized.......................................................................................................... 279 Accelerated computing.................................................................................................... 286 Find an instance type ...................................................................................................... 302 Get recommendations..................................................................................................... 303 Change the instance type ................................................................................................ 306 Instance purchasing options ..................................................................................................... 313 Determine the instance lifecycle ....................................................................................... 314 On-Demand Instances..................................................................................................... 315 Reserved Instances......................................................................................................... 319 Scheduled Instances........................................................................................................ 359 Spot Instances................................................................................................................ 360 Dedicated Hosts............................................................................................................. 424 Dedicated Instances........................................................................................................ 460 On-Demand Capacity Reservations ................................................................................... 465 Instance lifecycle.................................................................................................................... 502 Instance launch.............................................................................................................. 504 iv Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Instance stop and start (Amazon EBS-backed instances only) ................................................ 504 Instance hibernate (Amazon EBS-backed instances only) ...................................................... 504 Instance reboot.............................................................................................................. 505 Instance retirement......................................................................................................... 505 Instance termination....................................................................................................... 505 Differences between reboot, stop, hibernate, and terminate ................................................. 506 Launch.......................................................................................................................... 507 Stop and start ................................................................................................................ 545 Hibernate...................................................................................................................... 551 Reboot.......................................................................................................................... 563 Retire............................................................................................................................ 564 Terminate...................................................................................................................... 566 Recover......................................................................................................................... 573 Connect................................................................................................................................. 576 Connect to your instance ................................................................................................. 577 Connect your instance to a resource ................................................................................. 591 Configure instances................................................................................................................. 629 EC2Launch v2................................................................................................................ 629 EC2Launch..................................................................................................................... 674 EC2Config service........................................................................................................... 683 PV drivers...................................................................................................................... 710 AWS NVMe drivers .......................................................................................................... 730 Optimize CPU options ..................................................................................................... 733 Set the time.................................................................................................................. 759 Set the password ............................................................................................................ 764 Add Windows components .............................................................................................. 765 Configure a secondary private IPv4 Address ....................................................................... 768 Run commands at launch ................................................................................................ 773 Instance metadata and user data ...................................................................................... 780 SQL Server Clustering in EC2 ........................................................................................... 835 Upgrade Windows instances .................................................................................................... 841 Perform an in-place upgrade ........................................................................................... 842 Perform an automated upgrade ....................................................................................... 846 Migrate to latest generation instance types ....................................................................... 854 Migrate Microsoft SQL Server from Windows to Linux ......................................................... 860 Troubleshoot an upgrade ................................................................................................. 867 Identify instances................................................................................................................... 867 Inspect the instance identity document ............................................................................. 867 Inspect the system UUID ................................................................................................. 867 Inspect the system virtual machine generation identifier ..................................................... 868 Set up a Windows HPC cluster ................................................................................................. 868 Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 869 Step 1: Create your security groups .................................................................................. 869 Step 2: Set up your Active Directory domain controller ........................................................ 871 Step 3: Configure your head node .................................................................................... 872 Step 4: Set up the compute node ..................................................................................... 873 Step 5: Scale your HPC compute nodes (optional) ............................................................... 875 Fleets............................................................................................................................................ 876 EC2 Fleet............................................................................................................................... 876 EC2 Fleet limitations ....................................................................................................... 877 Burstable performance instances ...................................................................................... 877 EC2 Fleet request types ................................................................................................... 878 EC2 Fleet configuration strategies .................................................................................... 896 Work with EC2 Fleets ...................................................................................................... 920 Spot Fleet.............................................................................................................................. 938 Spot Fleet request types ................................................................................................. 938 Spot Fleet configuration strategies ................................................................................... 938 v Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Work with Spot Fleets ..................................................................................................... 963 CloudWatch metrics for Spot Fleet ................................................................................... 983 Automatic scaling for Spot Fleet...................................................................................... 985 Monitor fleet events ............................................................................................................... 991 EC2 Fleet event types ..................................................................................................... 992 Spot Fleet event types .................................................................................................... 996 Create EventBridge rules ................................................................................................ 1001 Tutorials.............................................................................................................................. 1007 Tutorial: Use EC2 Fleet with instance weighting ................................................................ 1008 Tutorial: Use EC2 Fleet with On-Demand as the primary capacity ........................................ 1010 Tutorial: Launch On-Demand Instances using targeted Capacity Reservations ........................ 1011 Tutorial: Use Spot Fleet with instance weighting ............................................................... 1016 Example configurations......................................................................................................... 1018 EC2 Fleet example configurations ................................................................................... 1018 Spot Fleet example configurations.................................................................................. 1033 Fleet quotas......................................................................................................................... 1045 Request a quota increase for target capacity .................................................................... 1046 Elastic Graphics............................................................................................................................ 1047 Elastic Graphics basics........................................................................................................... 1047 Pricing for Elastic Graphics.................................................................................................... 1049 Elastic Graphics limitations.................................................................................................... 1049 Work with Elastic Graphics ..................................................................................................... 1049 Configure your security groups ....................................................................................... 1050 Launch an instance with an Elastic Graphics accelerator ..................................................... 1051 Install the required software for Elastic Graphics .............................................................. 1052 Verify Elastic Graphics functionality on your instance ........................................................ 1052 View Elastic Graphics information................................................................................... 1054 Submit feedback........................................................................................................... 1055 Elastic Graphics maintenance ................................................................................................. 1055 How will I be notified? .................................................................................................. 1055 What do I need to do?.................................................................................................. 1056 What happens when an accelerator reaches its retirement date? ......................................... 1056 Use CloudWatch metrics to monitor Elastic Graphics ................................................................. 1056 Elastic Graphics metrics................................................................................................. 1056 Elastic Graphics dimensions........................................................................................... 1057 View CloudWatch metrics for Elastic Graphics .................................................................. 1057 Create CloudWatch alarms to monitor Elastic Graphics ...................................................... 1057 Troubleshoot........................................................................................................................ 1058 Investigate application performance issues ....................................................................... 1058 Resolve unhealthy status issues ...................................................................................... 1060 Why am I seeing multiple ENIs? ...................................................................................... 1061 Monitor....................................................................................................................................... 1062 Automated and manual monitoring........................................................................................ 1063 Automated monitoring tools.......................................................................................... 1063 Manual monitoring tools............................................................................................... 1064 Best practices for monitoring ................................................................................................. 1064 Monitor the status of your instances ....................................................................................... 1065 Instance status checks................................................................................................... 1065 State change events ...................................................................................................... 1071 Scheduled events.......................................................................................................... 1073 Monitor your instances using CloudWatch ................................................................................ 1096 Enable detailed monitoring............................................................................................ 1097 List available metrics..................................................................................................... 1099 Get statistics for metrics................................................................................................ 1111 Graph metrics.............................................................................................................. 1119 Create an alarm............................................................................................................ 1119 Create alarms that stop, terminate, reboot, or recover an instance ....................................... 1121 vi Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Automate using EventBridge .................................................................................................. 1132 Amazon EC2 event types ............................................................................................... 1132 Log API calls with AWS CloudTrail .......................................................................................... 1133 Amazon EC2 and Amazon EBS information in CloudTrail .................................................... 1133 Understand Amazon EC2 and Amazon EBS log file entries .................................................. 1134 Audit users that connect via EC2 Instance Connect ............................................................ 1135 Monitor your .NET and SQL Server applications ........................................................................ 1136 Networking .................................................................................................................................. 1137 Regions and Zones ................................................................................................................ 1137 Regions....................................................................................................................... 1138 Availability Zones.......................................................................................................... 1142 Local Zones.................................................................................................................. 1146 Wavelength Zones........................................................................................................ 1148 AWS Outposts.............................................................................................................. 1150 Instance IP addressing ........................................................................................................... 1151 Private IPv4 addresses................................................................................................... 1152 Public IPv4 addresses.................................................................................................... 1152 Elastic IP addresses (IPv4) .............................................................................................. 1153 IPv6 addresses.............................................................................................................. 1153 Work with the IPv4 addresses for your instances ............................................................... 1154 Work with the IPv6 addresses for your instances ............................................................... 1156 Multiple IP addresses.................................................................................................... 1158 EC2 instance hostnames ................................................................................................ 1166 Instance hostname types ....................................................................................................... 1166 Types of EC2 hostnames ................................................................................................ 1166 Where you see Resource name and IP name ..................................................................... 1167 How to decide whether to choose Resource name or IP name ............................................. 1168 Modify Hostname type and DNS Hostname configurations ................................................. 1169 Bring your own IP addresses .................................................................................................. 1170 BYOIP definitions.......................................................................................................... 1170 Requirements and quotas .............................................................................................. 1171 Onboarding prerequisites............................................................................................... 1171 Onboard your BYOIP ..................................................................................................... 1177 Work with your address range ........................................................................................ 1180 Validate your BYOIP ...................................................................................................... 1180 Learn more.................................................................................................................. 1183 Assigning prefixes................................................................................................................. 1183 Basics for assigning prefixes ........................................................................................... 1184 Considerations and limits for prefixes .............................................................................. 1184 Work with prefixes........................................................................................................ 1185 Elastic IP addresses ............................................................................................................... 1194 Elastic IP address pricing ............................................................................................... 1195 Elastic IP address basics ................................................................................................. 1195 Work with Elastic IP addresses....................................................................................... 1196 Elastic IP address limit .................................................................................................. 1207 Network interfaces................................................................................................................ 1207 Network interface basics ................................................................................................ 1208 IP addresses per network interface per instance type ........................................................ 1209 Work with network interfaces ........................................................................................ 1226 Best practices for configuring network interfaces .............................................................. 1234 Scenarios for network interfaces ..................................................................................... 1234 Requester-managed network interfaces........................................................................... 1236 Network bandwidth.............................................................................................................. 1237 Available instance bandwidth......................................................................................... 1238 Monitor instance bandwidth........................................................................................... 1239 Enhanced networking ............................................................................................................ 1239 Enhanced networking support ........................................................................................ 1240 vii Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Enable enhanced networking on your instance................................................................. 1240 Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) ....................................................................................... 1240 ENA Express................................................................................................................. 1248 Intel 82599 VF............................................................................................................. 1254 Operating system optimizations..................................................................................... 1257 Network performance metrics ........................................................................................ 1258 Placement groups................................................................................................................. 1260 Placement group strategies ............................................................................................ 1261 Placement group rules and limitations ............................................................................ 1263 Working with placement groups..................................................................................... 1265 Share a placement group ............................................................................................... 1272 Placement groups on AWS Outposts ............................................................................... 1276 Network MTU....................................................................................................................... 1277 Jumbo frames (9001 MTU)............................................................................................ 1277 Path MTU Discovery ...................................................................................................... 1278 Check the path MTU between two hosts .......................................................................... 1278 Check and set the MTU on your Windows instance ............................................................ 1279 Troubleshoot................................................................................................................ 1281 Virtual private clouds ............................................................................................................ 1281 Your default VPCs......................................................................................................... 1281 Create additional VPCs .................................................................................................. 1282 Access the internet from your instances ........................................................................... 1283 RDP access to your instances .......................................................................................... 1283 Ports and Protocols .............................................................................................................. 1283 AllJoyn Router.............................................................................................................. 1284 Cast to Device .............................................................................................................. 1284 Core Networking........................................................................................................... 1286 Delivery Optimization.................................................................................................... 1316 Diag Track................................................................................................................... 1317 DIAL Protocol Server ..................................................................................................... 1317 Distributed File System (DFS) Management ...................................................................... 1317 File and Printer Sharing................................................................................................. 1318 File Server Remote Management .................................................................................... 1320 ICMP v4 All.................................................................................................................. 1321 Microsoft Edge............................................................................................................. 1321 Microsoft Media Foundation Network Source .................................................................... 1321 Multicast...................................................................................................................... 1322 Remote Desktop........................................................................................................... 1322 Windows Device Management ........................................................................................ 1324 Windows Feature Experience Pack................................................................................... 1326 Windows Firewall Remote Management ........................................................................... 1326 Windows Remote Management ...................................................................................... 1326 EC2-Classic........................................................................................................................... 1327 Detect supported platforms ........................................................................................... 1327 Instance types available in EC2-Classic ............................................................................ 1327 Differences between instances in EC2-Classic and a VPC .................................................... 1328 Share and access resources between EC2-Classic and a VPC ................................................ 1331 ClassicLink................................................................................................................... 1332 Migrate from EC2-Classic to a VPC .................................................................................. 1343 Security....................................................................................................................................... 1351 Infrastructure security........................................................................................................... 1352 Network isolation......................................................................................................... 1352 Isolation on physical hosts ............................................................................................. 1352 Controlling network traffic ............................................................................................. 1352 Resilience............................................................................................................................. 1354 Data protection.................................................................................................................... 1354 Amazon EBS data security............................................................................................. 1355 viii Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Encryption at rest ......................................................................................................... 1355 Encryption in transit..................................................................................................... 1356 Identity and access management ............................................................................................ 1357 Network access to your instance ..................................................................................... 1358 Amazon EC2 permission attributes .................................................................................. 1358 IAM and Amazon EC2 .................................................................................................... 1358 IAM policies................................................................................................................. 1360 AWS managed policies.................................................................................................. 1414 IAM roles..................................................................................................................... 1416 Network access............................................................................................................. 1426 Key pairs............................................................................................................................. 1430 Create key pairs............................................................................................................ 1431 Tag a public key........................................................................................................... 1435 Describe public keys...................................................................................................... 1437 Delete a public key ....................................................................................................... 1440 Verify keys................................................................................................................... 1441 Security groups.................................................................................................................... 1442 Security group rules ...................................................................................................... 1443 Connection tracking ...................................................................................................... 1445 Default and custom security groups ................................................................................ 1447 Work with security groups ............................................................................................. 1448 Security group rules for different use cases ...................................................................... 1458 AWS PrivateLink................................................................................................................... 1463 Create an interface VPC endpoint ................................................................................... 1463 Create an endpoint policy .............................................................................................. 1464 Configuration management.................................................................................................... 1465 Update management............................................................................................................ 1465 Change management............................................................................................................ 1465 Compliance validation........................................................................................................... 1466 Audit and accountability ........................................................................................................ 1467 NitroTPM............................................................................................................................. 1467 Considerations.............................................................................................................. 1468 Prerequisites................................................................................................................ 1468 Verify whether an AMI is enabled for NitroTPM ................................................................ 1469 Enable or stop using NitroTPM on an instance .................................................................. 1470 Storage....................................................................................................................................... 1472 Amazon EBS ........................................................................................................................ 1473 Features of Amazon EBS ................................................................................................ 1474 EBS volumes................................................................................................................ 1474 EBS snapshots.............................................................................................................. 1525 Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager ..................................................................................... 1624 EBS data services.......................................................................................................... 1672 EBS volumes and NVMe ................................................................................................ 1701 EBS optimization.......................................................................................................... 1703 EBS performance.......................................................................................................... 1728 EBS CloudWatch metrics ................................................................................................ 1742 EBS EventBridge events................................................................................................. 1748 EBS quotas.................................................................................................................. 1759 Instance store....................................................................................................................... 1759 Instance store lifetime ................................................................................................... 1760 Instance store volumes.................................................................................................. 1760 Add instance store volumes ........................................................................................... 1769 SSD instance store volumes ........................................................................................... 1773 File storage.......................................................................................................................... 1774 Amazon S3.................................................................................................................. 1774 Amazon EFS................................................................................................................. 1776 Amazon FSx................................................................................................................. 1776 ix Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Instance volume limits ........................................................................................................... 1780 Nitro System volume limits ............................................................................................ 1780 Windows-specific volume limits ...................................................................................... 1780 Bandwidth versus capacity ............................................................................................. 1781 Root device volume .............................................................................................................. 1781 Configure the root volume to persist ............................................................................... 1781 Confirm that a root volume is configured to persist ........................................................... 1783 Change the initial size of the root volume ....................................................................... 1784 Device names....................................................................................................................... 1785 Available device names.................................................................................................. 1785 Device name considerations........................................................................................... 1786 Block device mappings .......................................................................................................... 1786 Block device mapping concepts...................................................................................... 1786 AMI block device mapping ............................................................................................. 1789 Instance block device mapping ....................................................................................... 1791 Map disks to volumes ............................................................................................................ 1795 List NVMe volumes....................................................................................................... 1795 List volumes................................................................................................................. 1799 Torn write prevention ............................................................................................................ 1805 Pricing......................................................................................................................... 1806 Supported block sizes and block boundary alignments ...................................................... 1806 Requirements............................................................................................................... 1806 Check torn write prevention support and configuration ..................................................... 1807 Configure your software stack for torn write prevention .................................................... 1808 Resources and tags....................................................................................................................... 1809 Recycle Bin.......................................................................................................................... 1809 How does it work? ........................................................................................................ 1810 Supported resources..................................................................................................... 1810 Considerations.............................................................................................................. 1810 Quotas........................................................................................................................ 1812 Related services............................................................................................................ 1812 Pricing......................................................................................................................... 1812 Required IAM permissions .............................................................................................. 1813 Work with retention rules .............................................................................................. 1816 Work with resources in the Recycle Bin ............................................................................ 1826 Monitor Recycle Bin...................................................................................................... 1826 Resource locations................................................................................................................ 1839 Resource IDs........................................................................................................................ 1840 List and filter your resources .................................................................................................. 1840 List and filter resources using the console ........................................................................ 1840 List and filter using the CLI and API................................................................................ 1845 List and filter resources across Regions using Amazon EC2 Global View ................................ 1847 Tag your resources ................................................................................................................ 1848 Tag basics.................................................................................................................... 1848 Tag your resources........................................................................................................ 1849 Tag restrictions............................................................................................................. 1852 Tags and access management........................................................................................ 1853 Tag your resources for billing ......................................................................................... 1853 Work with tags using the console ................................................................................... 1853 Work with tags using the command line .......................................................................... 1857 Work with instance tags in instance metadata .................................................................. 1860 Add tags to a resource using CloudFormation ................................................................... 1862 Service quotas...................................................................................................................... 1863 View your current limits ................................................................................................ 1864 Request an increase ...................................................................................................... 1864 Restriction on email sent using port 25 ........................................................................... 1865 Usage reports....................................................................................................................... 1865 x

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Differences between Windows Server and an Amazon EC2 Windows Instance . The AWS Marketplace is an online store where you can buy software that runs on AWS, including AMIs that you can use Walkthrough: Looking Up Amazon Machine Image IDs (AWS Lambda, AWS CloudFormation).
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Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud - User Guide for Windows Instances PDF

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Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud: User Guide for Windows Instances Copyright © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Amazon. All other trademarks not owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Amazon. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Table of Contents What is Amazon EC2? ......................................................................................................................... 1 Features of Amazon EC2............................................................................................................. 1 How to get started with Amazon EC2 ........................................................................................... 1 Related services......................................................................................................................... 2 Access Amazon EC2 .................................................................................................................... 3 Pricing for Amazon EC2 .............................................................................................................. 3 PCI DSS compliance.................................................................................................................... 4 Set up.............................................................................................................................................. 5 Sign up for AWS ........................................................................................................................ 5 Create a key pair ........................................................................................................................ 5 Create a security group ............................................................................................................... 6 Get started tutorial ............................................................................................................................ 9 Overview................................................................................................................................... 9 Prerequisites............................................................................................................................ 10 Step 1: Launch an instance ........................................................................................................ 10 Step 2: Connect to your instance ............................................................................................... 11 Step 3: Clean up your instance.................................................................................................. 17 Next steps............................................................................................................................... 17 Best practices.................................................................................................................................. 18 Amazon Machine Images ................................................................................................................... 21 Boot modes............................................................................................................................. 21 Launch an instance ........................................................................................................... 22 AMI boot mode parameter................................................................................................ 24 Instance type boot mode .................................................................................................. 25 Instance boot mode .......................................................................................................... 25 Operating system boot mode............................................................................................ 26 Set AMI boot mode.......................................................................................................... 27 UEFI variables.................................................................................................................. 29 UEFI Secure Boot ............................................................................................................. 29 AWS Windows AMIs .................................................................................................................. 32 Select an initial Windows AMI ............................................................................................ 33 Keep your AMIs up to date ................................................................................................ 33 Virtualization types.......................................................................................................... 33 Configure your Windows AMI for faster launching ................................................................ 34 Managed AWS Windows AMIs ............................................................................................ 45 Specialized Windows AMIs ................................................................................................. 52 AWS Windows AMI version history ..................................................................................... 59 Find a Windows AMI............................................................................................................... 109 Find a Windows AMI using the Amazon EC2 console ........................................................... 110 Find an AMI using the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell ................................................... 111 Find an AMI using the AWS CLI ........................................................................................ 111 Find the latest Windows AMI using Systems Manager .......................................................... 111 Use a Systems Manager parameter to find an AMI .............................................................. 112 Shared AMIs........................................................................................................................... 115 Verified provider............................................................................................................. 115 Find shared AMIs ............................................................................................................ 115 Make an AMI public ........................................................................................................ 118 Share an AMI with organizations or OUs ........................................................................... 120 Share an AMI with specific AWS accounts .......................................................................... 128 Cancel having an AMI shared with your account ................................................................. 131 Use bookmarks.............................................................................................................. 132 Best practices for shared Windows AMIs ............................................................................ 132 Paid AMIs.............................................................................................................................. 133 Sell your AMI ................................................................................................................. 133 iii Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Find a paid AMI.............................................................................................................. 133 Purchase a paid AMI ....................................................................................................... 135 Get the product code for your instance ............................................................................. 135 Use paid support ............................................................................................................ 135 Bills for paid and supported AMIs ..................................................................................... 136 Manage your AWS Marketplace subscriptions ..................................................................... 136 AMI lifecycle.......................................................................................................................... 137 Create a custom Windows AMI ......................................................................................... 137 Copy an AMI .................................................................................................................. 152 Store and restore an AMI ................................................................................................ 159 Deprecate an AMI ........................................................................................................... 165 Deregister your AMI ........................................................................................................ 170 Recover AMIs from the Recycle Bin ................................................................................... 174 Automate the EBS-backed AMI lifecycle ............................................................................ 177 Use encryption with EBS-backed AMIs ....................................................................................... 177 Instance-launching scenarios............................................................................................ 178 Image-copying scenarios.................................................................................................. 180 Monitor AMI events ................................................................................................................ 182 AMI events.................................................................................................................... 183 Create Amazon EventBridge rules ..................................................................................... 184 Understand AMI billing........................................................................................................... 186 AMI billing fields............................................................................................................ 187 Find AMI billing information............................................................................................ 188 Verify AMI charges on your bill ........................................................................................ 190 AMI quotas............................................................................................................................ 190 Request a quota increase for AMIs .................................................................................... 191 Instances....................................................................................................................................... 192 Windows instances................................................................................................................. 192 Instances and AMIs ......................................................................................................... 192 Differences between Windows Server and Windows instances ............................................... 193 Design your applications to run on Windows instances ........................................................ 194 Instance types........................................................................................................................ 195 Instance type names ....................................................................................................... 195 Available instance types .................................................................................................. 196 Hardware specifications................................................................................................... 201 Instances built on the Nitro System .................................................................................. 202 Networking and storage features ...................................................................................... 203 Instance limits................................................................................................................ 206 General purpose............................................................................................................. 206 Compute optimized ........................................................................................................ 254 Memory optimized .......................................................................................................... 263 Storage optimized.......................................................................................................... 279 Accelerated computing.................................................................................................... 286 Find an instance type ...................................................................................................... 302 Get recommendations..................................................................................................... 303 Change the instance type ................................................................................................ 306 Instance purchasing options ..................................................................................................... 313 Determine the instance lifecycle ....................................................................................... 314 On-Demand Instances..................................................................................................... 315 Reserved Instances......................................................................................................... 319 Scheduled Instances........................................................................................................ 359 Spot Instances................................................................................................................ 360 Dedicated Hosts............................................................................................................. 424 Dedicated Instances........................................................................................................ 460 On-Demand Capacity Reservations ................................................................................... 465 Instance lifecycle.................................................................................................................... 502 Instance launch.............................................................................................................. 504 iv Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Instance stop and start (Amazon EBS-backed instances only) ................................................ 504 Instance hibernate (Amazon EBS-backed instances only) ...................................................... 504 Instance reboot.............................................................................................................. 505 Instance retirement......................................................................................................... 505 Instance termination....................................................................................................... 505 Differences between reboot, stop, hibernate, and terminate ................................................. 506 Launch.......................................................................................................................... 507 Stop and start ................................................................................................................ 545 Hibernate...................................................................................................................... 551 Reboot.......................................................................................................................... 563 Retire............................................................................................................................ 564 Terminate...................................................................................................................... 566 Recover......................................................................................................................... 573 Connect................................................................................................................................. 576 Connect to your instance ................................................................................................. 577 Connect your instance to a resource ................................................................................. 591 Configure instances................................................................................................................. 629 EC2Launch v2................................................................................................................ 629 EC2Launch..................................................................................................................... 674 EC2Config service........................................................................................................... 683 PV drivers...................................................................................................................... 710 AWS NVMe drivers .......................................................................................................... 730 Optimize CPU options ..................................................................................................... 733 Set the time.................................................................................................................. 759 Set the password ............................................................................................................ 764 Add Windows components .............................................................................................. 765 Configure a secondary private IPv4 Address ....................................................................... 768 Run commands at launch ................................................................................................ 773 Instance metadata and user data ...................................................................................... 780 SQL Server Clustering in EC2 ........................................................................................... 835 Upgrade Windows instances .................................................................................................... 841 Perform an in-place upgrade ........................................................................................... 842 Perform an automated upgrade ....................................................................................... 846 Migrate to latest generation instance types ....................................................................... 854 Migrate Microsoft SQL Server from Windows to Linux ......................................................... 860 Troubleshoot an upgrade ................................................................................................. 867 Identify instances................................................................................................................... 867 Inspect the instance identity document ............................................................................. 867 Inspect the system UUID ................................................................................................. 867 Inspect the system virtual machine generation identifier ..................................................... 868 Set up a Windows HPC cluster ................................................................................................. 868 Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 869 Step 1: Create your security groups .................................................................................. 869 Step 2: Set up your Active Directory domain controller ........................................................ 871 Step 3: Configure your head node .................................................................................... 872 Step 4: Set up the compute node ..................................................................................... 873 Step 5: Scale your HPC compute nodes (optional) ............................................................... 875 Fleets............................................................................................................................................ 876 EC2 Fleet............................................................................................................................... 876 EC2 Fleet limitations ....................................................................................................... 877 Burstable performance instances ...................................................................................... 877 EC2 Fleet request types ................................................................................................... 878 EC2 Fleet configuration strategies .................................................................................... 896 Work with EC2 Fleets ...................................................................................................... 920 Spot Fleet.............................................................................................................................. 938 Spot Fleet request types ................................................................................................. 938 Spot Fleet configuration strategies ................................................................................... 938 v Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Work with Spot Fleets ..................................................................................................... 963 CloudWatch metrics for Spot Fleet ................................................................................... 983 Automatic scaling for Spot Fleet...................................................................................... 985 Monitor fleet events ............................................................................................................... 991 EC2 Fleet event types ..................................................................................................... 992 Spot Fleet event types .................................................................................................... 996 Create EventBridge rules ................................................................................................ 1001 Tutorials.............................................................................................................................. 1007 Tutorial: Use EC2 Fleet with instance weighting ................................................................ 1008 Tutorial: Use EC2 Fleet with On-Demand as the primary capacity ........................................ 1010 Tutorial: Launch On-Demand Instances using targeted Capacity Reservations ........................ 1011 Tutorial: Use Spot Fleet with instance weighting ............................................................... 1016 Example configurations......................................................................................................... 1018 EC2 Fleet example configurations ................................................................................... 1018 Spot Fleet example configurations.................................................................................. 1033 Fleet quotas......................................................................................................................... 1045 Request a quota increase for target capacity .................................................................... 1046 Elastic Graphics............................................................................................................................ 1047 Elastic Graphics basics........................................................................................................... 1047 Pricing for Elastic Graphics.................................................................................................... 1049 Elastic Graphics limitations.................................................................................................... 1049 Work with Elastic Graphics ..................................................................................................... 1049 Configure your security groups ....................................................................................... 1050 Launch an instance with an Elastic Graphics accelerator ..................................................... 1051 Install the required software for Elastic Graphics .............................................................. 1052 Verify Elastic Graphics functionality on your instance ........................................................ 1052 View Elastic Graphics information................................................................................... 1054 Submit feedback........................................................................................................... 1055 Elastic Graphics maintenance ................................................................................................. 1055 How will I be notified? .................................................................................................. 1055 What do I need to do?.................................................................................................. 1056 What happens when an accelerator reaches its retirement date? ......................................... 1056 Use CloudWatch metrics to monitor Elastic Graphics ................................................................. 1056 Elastic Graphics metrics................................................................................................. 1056 Elastic Graphics dimensions........................................................................................... 1057 View CloudWatch metrics for Elastic Graphics .................................................................. 1057 Create CloudWatch alarms to monitor Elastic Graphics ...................................................... 1057 Troubleshoot........................................................................................................................ 1058 Investigate application performance issues ....................................................................... 1058 Resolve unhealthy status issues ...................................................................................... 1060 Why am I seeing multiple ENIs? ...................................................................................... 1061 Monitor....................................................................................................................................... 1062 Automated and manual monitoring........................................................................................ 1063 Automated monitoring tools.......................................................................................... 1063 Manual monitoring tools............................................................................................... 1064 Best practices for monitoring ................................................................................................. 1064 Monitor the status of your instances ....................................................................................... 1065 Instance status checks................................................................................................... 1065 State change events ...................................................................................................... 1071 Scheduled events.......................................................................................................... 1073 Monitor your instances using CloudWatch ................................................................................ 1096 Enable detailed monitoring............................................................................................ 1097 List available metrics..................................................................................................... 1099 Get statistics for metrics................................................................................................ 1111 Graph metrics.............................................................................................................. 1119 Create an alarm............................................................................................................ 1119 Create alarms that stop, terminate, reboot, or recover an instance ....................................... 1121 vi Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Automate using EventBridge .................................................................................................. 1132 Amazon EC2 event types ............................................................................................... 1132 Log API calls with AWS CloudTrail .......................................................................................... 1133 Amazon EC2 and Amazon EBS information in CloudTrail .................................................... 1133 Understand Amazon EC2 and Amazon EBS log file entries .................................................. 1134 Audit users that connect via EC2 Instance Connect ............................................................ 1135 Monitor your .NET and SQL Server applications ........................................................................ 1136 Networking .................................................................................................................................. 1137 Regions and Zones ................................................................................................................ 1137 Regions....................................................................................................................... 1138 Availability Zones.......................................................................................................... 1142 Local Zones.................................................................................................................. 1146 Wavelength Zones........................................................................................................ 1148 AWS Outposts.............................................................................................................. 1150 Instance IP addressing ........................................................................................................... 1151 Private IPv4 addresses................................................................................................... 1152 Public IPv4 addresses.................................................................................................... 1152 Elastic IP addresses (IPv4) .............................................................................................. 1153 IPv6 addresses.............................................................................................................. 1153 Work with the IPv4 addresses for your instances ............................................................... 1154 Work with the IPv6 addresses for your instances ............................................................... 1156 Multiple IP addresses.................................................................................................... 1158 EC2 instance hostnames ................................................................................................ 1166 Instance hostname types ....................................................................................................... 1166 Types of EC2 hostnames ................................................................................................ 1166 Where you see Resource name and IP name ..................................................................... 1167 How to decide whether to choose Resource name or IP name ............................................. 1168 Modify Hostname type and DNS Hostname configurations ................................................. 1169 Bring your own IP addresses .................................................................................................. 1170 BYOIP definitions.......................................................................................................... 1170 Requirements and quotas .............................................................................................. 1171 Onboarding prerequisites............................................................................................... 1171 Onboard your BYOIP ..................................................................................................... 1177 Work with your address range ........................................................................................ 1180 Validate your BYOIP ...................................................................................................... 1180 Learn more.................................................................................................................. 1183 Assigning prefixes................................................................................................................. 1183 Basics for assigning prefixes ........................................................................................... 1184 Considerations and limits for prefixes .............................................................................. 1184 Work with prefixes........................................................................................................ 1185 Elastic IP addresses ............................................................................................................... 1194 Elastic IP address pricing ............................................................................................... 1195 Elastic IP address basics ................................................................................................. 1195 Work with Elastic IP addresses....................................................................................... 1196 Elastic IP address limit .................................................................................................. 1207 Network interfaces................................................................................................................ 1207 Network interface basics ................................................................................................ 1208 IP addresses per network interface per instance type ........................................................ 1209 Work with network interfaces ........................................................................................ 1226 Best practices for configuring network interfaces .............................................................. 1234 Scenarios for network interfaces ..................................................................................... 1234 Requester-managed network interfaces........................................................................... 1236 Network bandwidth.............................................................................................................. 1237 Available instance bandwidth......................................................................................... 1238 Monitor instance bandwidth........................................................................................... 1239 Enhanced networking ............................................................................................................ 1239 Enhanced networking support ........................................................................................ 1240 vii Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Enable enhanced networking on your instance................................................................. 1240 Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) ....................................................................................... 1240 ENA Express................................................................................................................. 1248 Intel 82599 VF............................................................................................................. 1254 Operating system optimizations..................................................................................... 1257 Network performance metrics ........................................................................................ 1258 Placement groups................................................................................................................. 1260 Placement group strategies ............................................................................................ 1261 Placement group rules and limitations ............................................................................ 1263 Working with placement groups..................................................................................... 1265 Share a placement group ............................................................................................... 1272 Placement groups on AWS Outposts ............................................................................... 1276 Network MTU....................................................................................................................... 1277 Jumbo frames (9001 MTU)............................................................................................ 1277 Path MTU Discovery ...................................................................................................... 1278 Check the path MTU between two hosts .......................................................................... 1278 Check and set the MTU on your Windows instance ............................................................ 1279 Troubleshoot................................................................................................................ 1281 Virtual private clouds ............................................................................................................ 1281 Your default VPCs......................................................................................................... 1281 Create additional VPCs .................................................................................................. 1282 Access the internet from your instances ........................................................................... 1283 RDP access to your instances .......................................................................................... 1283 Ports and Protocols .............................................................................................................. 1283 AllJoyn Router.............................................................................................................. 1284 Cast to Device .............................................................................................................. 1284 Core Networking........................................................................................................... 1286 Delivery Optimization.................................................................................................... 1316 Diag Track................................................................................................................... 1317 DIAL Protocol Server ..................................................................................................... 1317 Distributed File System (DFS) Management ...................................................................... 1317 File and Printer Sharing................................................................................................. 1318 File Server Remote Management .................................................................................... 1320 ICMP v4 All.................................................................................................................. 1321 Microsoft Edge............................................................................................................. 1321 Microsoft Media Foundation Network Source .................................................................... 1321 Multicast...................................................................................................................... 1322 Remote Desktop........................................................................................................... 1322 Windows Device Management ........................................................................................ 1324 Windows Feature Experience Pack................................................................................... 1326 Windows Firewall Remote Management ........................................................................... 1326 Windows Remote Management ...................................................................................... 1326 EC2-Classic........................................................................................................................... 1327 Detect supported platforms ........................................................................................... 1327 Instance types available in EC2-Classic ............................................................................ 1327 Differences between instances in EC2-Classic and a VPC .................................................... 1328 Share and access resources between EC2-Classic and a VPC ................................................ 1331 ClassicLink................................................................................................................... 1332 Migrate from EC2-Classic to a VPC .................................................................................. 1343 Security....................................................................................................................................... 1351 Infrastructure security........................................................................................................... 1352 Network isolation......................................................................................................... 1352 Isolation on physical hosts ............................................................................................. 1352 Controlling network traffic ............................................................................................. 1352 Resilience............................................................................................................................. 1354 Data protection.................................................................................................................... 1354 Amazon EBS data security............................................................................................. 1355 viii Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Encryption at rest ......................................................................................................... 1355 Encryption in transit..................................................................................................... 1356 Identity and access management ............................................................................................ 1357 Network access to your instance ..................................................................................... 1358 Amazon EC2 permission attributes .................................................................................. 1358 IAM and Amazon EC2 .................................................................................................... 1358 IAM policies................................................................................................................. 1360 AWS managed policies.................................................................................................. 1414 IAM roles..................................................................................................................... 1416 Network access............................................................................................................. 1426 Key pairs............................................................................................................................. 1430 Create key pairs............................................................................................................ 1431 Tag a public key........................................................................................................... 1435 Describe public keys...................................................................................................... 1437 Delete a public key ....................................................................................................... 1440 Verify keys................................................................................................................... 1441 Security groups.................................................................................................................... 1442 Security group rules ...................................................................................................... 1443 Connection tracking ...................................................................................................... 1445 Default and custom security groups ................................................................................ 1447 Work with security groups ............................................................................................. 1448 Security group rules for different use cases ...................................................................... 1458 AWS PrivateLink................................................................................................................... 1463 Create an interface VPC endpoint ................................................................................... 1463 Create an endpoint policy .............................................................................................. 1464 Configuration management.................................................................................................... 1465 Update management............................................................................................................ 1465 Change management............................................................................................................ 1465 Compliance validation........................................................................................................... 1466 Audit and accountability ........................................................................................................ 1467 NitroTPM............................................................................................................................. 1467 Considerations.............................................................................................................. 1468 Prerequisites................................................................................................................ 1468 Verify whether an AMI is enabled for NitroTPM ................................................................ 1469 Enable or stop using NitroTPM on an instance .................................................................. 1470 Storage....................................................................................................................................... 1472 Amazon EBS ........................................................................................................................ 1473 Features of Amazon EBS ................................................................................................ 1474 EBS volumes................................................................................................................ 1474 EBS snapshots.............................................................................................................. 1525 Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager ..................................................................................... 1624 EBS data services.......................................................................................................... 1672 EBS volumes and NVMe ................................................................................................ 1701 EBS optimization.......................................................................................................... 1703 EBS performance.......................................................................................................... 1728 EBS CloudWatch metrics ................................................................................................ 1742 EBS EventBridge events................................................................................................. 1748 EBS quotas.................................................................................................................. 1759 Instance store....................................................................................................................... 1759 Instance store lifetime ................................................................................................... 1760 Instance store volumes.................................................................................................. 1760 Add instance store volumes ........................................................................................... 1769 SSD instance store volumes ........................................................................................... 1773 File storage.......................................................................................................................... 1774 Amazon S3.................................................................................................................. 1774 Amazon EFS................................................................................................................. 1776 Amazon FSx................................................................................................................. 1776 ix Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Windows Instances Instance volume limits ........................................................................................................... 1780 Nitro System volume limits ............................................................................................ 1780 Windows-specific volume limits ...................................................................................... 1780 Bandwidth versus capacity ............................................................................................. 1781 Root device volume .............................................................................................................. 1781 Configure the root volume to persist ............................................................................... 1781 Confirm that a root volume is configured to persist ........................................................... 1783 Change the initial size of the root volume ....................................................................... 1784 Device names....................................................................................................................... 1785 Available device names.................................................................................................. 1785 Device name considerations........................................................................................... 1786 Block device mappings .......................................................................................................... 1786 Block device mapping concepts...................................................................................... 1786 AMI block device mapping ............................................................................................. 1789 Instance block device mapping ....................................................................................... 1791 Map disks to volumes ............................................................................................................ 1795 List NVMe volumes....................................................................................................... 1795 List volumes................................................................................................................. 1799 Torn write prevention ............................................................................................................ 1805 Pricing......................................................................................................................... 1806 Supported block sizes and block boundary alignments ...................................................... 1806 Requirements............................................................................................................... 1806 Check torn write prevention support and configuration ..................................................... 1807 Configure your software stack for torn write prevention .................................................... 1808 Resources and tags....................................................................................................................... 1809 Recycle Bin.......................................................................................................................... 1809 How does it work? ........................................................................................................ 1810 Supported resources..................................................................................................... 1810 Considerations.............................................................................................................. 1810 Quotas........................................................................................................................ 1812 Related services............................................................................................................ 1812 Pricing......................................................................................................................... 1812 Required IAM permissions .............................................................................................. 1813 Work with retention rules .............................................................................................. 1816 Work with resources in the Recycle Bin ............................................................................ 1826 Monitor Recycle Bin...................................................................................................... 1826 Resource locations................................................................................................................ 1839 Resource IDs........................................................................................................................ 1840 List and filter your resources .................................................................................................. 1840 List and filter resources using the console ........................................................................ 1840 List and filter using the CLI and API................................................................................ 1845 List and filter resources across Regions using Amazon EC2 Global View ................................ 1847 Tag your resources ................................................................................................................ 1848 Tag basics.................................................................................................................... 1848 Tag your resources........................................................................................................ 1849 Tag restrictions............................................................................................................. 1852 Tags and access management........................................................................................ 1853 Tag your resources for billing ......................................................................................... 1853 Work with tags using the console ................................................................................... 1853 Work with tags using the command line .......................................................................... 1857 Work with instance tags in instance metadata .................................................................. 1860 Add tags to a resource using CloudFormation ................................................................... 1862 Service quotas...................................................................................................................... 1863 View your current limits ................................................................................................ 1864 Request an increase ...................................................................................................... 1864 Restriction on email sent using port 25 ........................................................................... 1865 Usage reports....................................................................................................................... 1865 x

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Differences between Windows Server and an Amazon EC2 Windows Instance . The AWS Marketplace is an online store where you can buy software that runs on AWS, including AMIs that you can use Walkthrough: Looking Up Amazon Machine Image IDs (AWS Lambda, AWS CloudFormation).
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