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Alzheimer Disease Sourcebook 5th ed. - A. Sutton (Omnigraphics, 2011) WW PDF

657 Pages·2011·1.61 MB·English
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Fifth Edition Alzheimer Disease SOURCEBOOK � Basic Consumer Health Information about Alzheimer Disease and Other Forms of Dementia, Including Mild Cognitive Impairment, Corticobasal Degeneration, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Fronto- temporal Dementia, Huntington Disease, Parkinson Disease, and Vascular Dementia Along with Information about Recent Research on the Diagnosis and Prevention of Alzheimer Disease and Genetic Testing, Tips for Maintaining Cognitive Functioning, Strategies for Long-Term Planning, Advice for Caregivers, a Glossary of Related Terms, and Directories of Resources for Additional Help and Information Edited by Amy L. 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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ � Alzheimer Disease SOURCEBOOK Fifth Edition � __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Health Reference Series Fifth Edition Alzheimer Disease SOURCEBOOK � Basic Consumer Health Information about Alzheimer Disease and Other Forms of Dementia, Including Mild Cognitive Impairment, Corticobasal Degeneration, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Frontotemporal Dementia, Huntington Disease, Parkinson Disease, and Vascular Dementia Along with Information about Recent Research on the Diagnosis and Prevention of Alzheimer Disease and Genetic Testing, Tips for Maintaining Cognitive Functioning, Strategies for Long-Term Planning, Advice for Caregivers, a Glossary of Related Terms, and Directories of Resources for Additional Help and Information Edited by Amy L. Sutton P.O. Box 31-1640, Detroit, MI 48231 Bibliographic Note Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice. Edited by Amy L. Sutton Health Reference Series Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator Cherry Edwards, Permissions Assistant EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers * * * Omnigraphics, Inc. Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager * * * Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher Copyright © 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7808-1150-8 Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other infor- mation storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited without permission in writing from the publisher. The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other sources considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliability, the publisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data, and makes no warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained herein. This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard. Printed in the United States Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Alzheimer disease sourcebook : basic consumer health information about.../ edited by Amy L. Sutton. -- 5th ed. p. cm. -- (Health reference series) Includes bibliographical references. Summary: "Provides basic consumer health information about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer disease and other dementias, along with tips for coping with memory loss and related complications and advice for caregivers. Includes index, glossary of related terms and directory of resources"--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-0-7808-1150-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Alzheimer's disease--Popular works. 2. Dementia--Popular works. I. Sutton, Amy L. II. Title. III. Series. RC523.2.A45 2011 616.8'31--dc23 2011024979 Table of Contents Visit www.healthreferenceseries.com to view A Contents Guide to the Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 15,000 topics and the volumes in which they are covered. v Preface .......................................................................................... xiii Part I: Facts about the Brain and Cognitive Decline Chapter 1—The Basics of a Healthy Brain ................................... 3 Chapter 2—The Changing Brain in Healthy Aging .................... 11 Chapter 3—Understanding Memory Loss ................................... 15 Chapter 4—What Is Dementia? ................................................... 21 Chapter 5—Dementia: Causes and Risk Factors ........................ 35 Chapter 6—Statistics on Dementia Prevalence and Mortality ............................................................ 51 Part II: Alzheimer Disease (AD): The Most Common Type of Dementia Chapter 7—Facts about AD .......................................................... 65 Chapter 8—What Happens to the Brain in AD? ......................... 73 Chapter 9—Signs and Symptoms of AD ...................................... 81 Section 9.1—Seven Warning Signs of AD ............ 82 Section 9.2—Symptoms of AD .............................. 83 vi Chapter 10—Clinical Stages of AD .............................................. 87 Chapter 11—Younger-Onset AD .................................................. 95 Chapter 12—The Genetics of AD ............................................... 103 Section 12.1—Genes Play an Important Role in the Development of AD ......................................... 104 Section 12.2—Gene Linked to AD Plays Key Role in Cell Survival ......... 108 Section 12.3—Variations of Apolipoprotein E Linked to Increased Risk of AD ......................................... 110 Chapter 13—Health Conditions Linked to AD .......................... 113 Section 13.1—Down Syndrome and AD .......... 114 Section 13.2—Obesity May Raise Risk of AD and Dementia ..................... 116 Section 13.3—Type 2 Diabetes and AD Risk ..................................... 118 Chapter 14—Traumatic Brain Injury, AD, and Dementia ............................................................... 121 Chapter 15—Other Factors That Influence AD Risk ................ 125 Section 15.1—Alcohol Abuse Linked to AD and Dementia ..................... 126 Section 15.2—Secondhand Smoke .................. 143 Section 15.3—Heart Health ............................ 145 Part III: Other Dementia Disorders Chapter 16—Mild Cognitive Impairment .................................. 151 Chapter 17—Degenerative Neurological Disease ..................... 159 Section 17.1—Corticobasal Degeneration ....... 160 Section 17.2—Dementia with Lewy Bodies .... 161 Section 17.3—Frontotemporal Dementia ....... 167 Section 17.4—Huntington Disease ................. 172 Section 17.5—Parkinson Disease .................... 176 vii Chapter 18—Vascular Dementia ............................................... 199 Section 18.1—What Is Vascular Dementia? ... 200 Section 18.2—Binswanger Disease (Subcortical Vascular Dementia) ................................. 202 Section 18.3—Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) ................................ 204 Section 18.4—Multi-Infarct Dementia............ 205 Chapter 19—Dementia Caused by Infection ............................. 207 Section 19.1—Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ....... 208 Section 19.2—Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Dementia Complex .................................... 213 Chapter 20—Other Health Conditions That Cause Dementia ............................................................... 219 Section 20.1—Cancer, Delirium, and Dementia .................................. 220 Section 20.2—Dementia: A Symptom of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus .......................... 225 Part IV: Recognizing, Diagnosing, and Treating Symptoms of AD and Dementias Chapter 21—Forgetfulness: Knowing When to Ask for Help ... 231 Chapter 22—Talking with Your Doctor ..................................... 237 Chapter 23—Diagnosing AD ...................................................... 249 Section 23.1—How Is AD Diagnosed? ............. 250 Section 23.2—AD Guidelines Updated for First Time in Decades......... 254 Chapter 24—Testing for AD ....................................................... 259 Section 24.1—Mental Status Tests ................. 260 viii Section 24.2—Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) .................................... 263 Section 24.3—Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) .......................... 265 Section 24.4—ApoE Genotyping ..................... 268 Section 24.5—Biomarker Testing for AD: Checking for Tau Protein and Amyloid Beta 42 in Cerebrospinal Fluid ................. 271 Chapter 25—Overview of AD Interventions .............................. 275 Chapter 26—AD Medications ..................................................... 279 Chapter 27—Medications for Cognitive Changes ..................... 283 Chapter 28—Participating in AD Clinical Trials and Studies ........................................................... 287 Chapter 29—Can AD Be Prevented? ......................................... 295 Chapter 30—Recent AD Research ............................................. 307 Section 30.1—Amyloid Deposits May Predict Risk for AD .................. 308 Section 30.2—Ovary Removal May Increase Risk of Dementia ...................... 310 Section 30.3—Changes Occur in High-Risk Seniors before AD Symptoms Appear ....................................... 311 Section 30.4—Family with AD May Carry Clues to Treatment .................. 315 Section 30.5—Insulin May Improve Memory in People with AD ..................... 318 Part V: Living with AD and Dementias Chapter 31—Talking about Your Diagnosis .............................. 323 Section 31.1—Telling Others about an AD Diagnosis ....................... 324

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