Alzheimer Disease Sourcebook 5th ed. - A. Sutton (Omnigraphics, 2011) WW

657 Pages·2011·1.61 MB·English

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Fifth Edition

Alzheimer
Disease
SOURCEBOOK

�

Basic Consumer Health Information about
Alzheimer Disease and Other Forms of Dementia,
Including Mild Cognitive Impairment, Corticobasal
Degeneration, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Fronto-
temporal Dementia, Huntington Disease, Parkinson
Disease, and Vascular Dementia

Along with Information about Recent Research
on the Diagnosis and Prevention of Alzheimer
Disease and Genetic Testing, Tips for Maintaining
Cognitive Functioning, Strategies for Long-Term
Planning, Advice for Caregivers, a Glossary of
Related Terms, and Directories of Resources
for Additional Help and Information

Edited by
Amy L. Sutton

Health Reference Series

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�

Alzheimer
Disease
SOURCEBOOK

Fifth Edition

�

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Health Reference Series

Fifth Edition
Alzheimer
Disease
SOURCEBOOK

�

Basic Consumer Health Information about Alzheimer
Disease and Other Forms of Dementia, Including Mild
Cognitive Impairment, Corticobasal Degeneration, Dementia
with Lewy Bodies, Frontotemporal Dementia, Huntington
Disease, Parkinson Disease, and Vascular Dementia

Along with Information about Recent Research on the
Diagnosis and Prevention of Alzheimer Disease and Genetic
Testing, Tips for Maintaining Cognitive Functioning, Strategies
for Long-Term Planning, Advice for Caregivers, a Glossary of
Related Terms, and Directories of Resources for Additional
Help and Information

Edited by
Amy L. Sutton

P.O. Box 31-1640, Detroit, MI 48231

Bibliographic Note
Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic
Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice.

Edited by Amy L. Sutton

Health Reference Series
Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor
David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant
Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator
Cherry Edwards, Permissions Assistant
EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers

* * *
Omnigraphics, Inc.
Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President
Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager

* * *
Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher

Copyright © 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc.

ISBN 978-0-7808-1150-8

Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other infor-
mation storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited without
permission in writing from the publisher.

The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other
sources considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliability,
the publisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data,
and makes no warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained
herein.

This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity
symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard.

Printed in the United States

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Alzheimer disease sourcebook : basic consumer health information about.../
edited by Amy L. Sutton. -- 5th ed.
p. cm. -- (Health reference series)
Includes bibliographical references.
Summary: "Provides basic consumer health information about symptoms,
diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer disease and other dementias, along
with tips for coping with memory loss and related complications and advice
for caregivers. Includes index, glossary of related terms and directory of
resources"--Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-0-7808-1150-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Alzheimer's
disease--Popular works. 2. Dementia--Popular works. I. Sutton, Amy L. II.
Title. III. Series.

RC523.2.A45 2011
616.8'31--dc23

2011024979

Table of Contents

Visit www.healthreferenceseries.com to view A Contents Guide to the
Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 15,000 topics and the
volumes in which they are covered.

v

Preface .......................................................................................... xiii

Part I: Facts about the Brain and Cognitive Decline

Chapter 1—The Basics of a Healthy Brain ................................... 3

Chapter 2—The Changing Brain in Healthy Aging .................... 11

Chapter 3—Understanding Memory Loss ................................... 15

Chapter 4—What Is Dementia? ................................................... 21

Chapter 5—Dementia: Causes and Risk Factors ........................ 35

Chapter 6—Statistics on Dementia Prevalence
and Mortality ............................................................ 51

Part II: Alzheimer Disease (AD): The Most Common Type
of Dementia

Chapter 7—Facts about AD .......................................................... 65

Chapter 8—What Happens to the Brain in AD? ......................... 73

Chapter 9—Signs and Symptoms of AD ...................................... 81

Section 9.1—Seven Warning Signs of AD ............ 82

Section 9.2—Symptoms of AD .............................. 83

vi

Chapter 10—Clinical Stages of AD .............................................. 87

Chapter 11—Younger-Onset AD .................................................. 95

Chapter 12—The Genetics of AD ............................................... 103

Section 12.1—Genes Play an Important
Role in the Development
of AD ......................................... 104

Section 12.2—Gene Linked to AD Plays
Key Role in Cell Survival ......... 108

Section 12.3—Variations of Apolipoprotein
E Linked to Increased Risk
of AD ......................................... 110

Chapter 13—Health Conditions Linked to AD .......................... 113

Section 13.1—Down Syndrome and AD .......... 114

Section 13.2—Obesity May Raise Risk of
AD and Dementia ..................... 116

Section 13.3—Type 2 Diabetes and
AD Risk ..................................... 118

Chapter 14—Traumatic Brain Injury, AD, and
Dementia ............................................................... 121

Chapter 15—Other Factors That Influence AD Risk ................ 125

Section 15.1—Alcohol Abuse Linked to
AD and Dementia ..................... 126

Section 15.2—Secondhand Smoke .................. 143

Section 15.3—Heart Health ............................ 145

Part III: Other Dementia Disorders

Chapter 16—Mild Cognitive Impairment .................................. 151

Chapter 17—Degenerative Neurological Disease ..................... 159

Section 17.1—Corticobasal Degeneration ....... 160

Section 17.2—Dementia with Lewy Bodies .... 161

Section 17.3—Frontotemporal Dementia ....... 167

Section 17.4—Huntington Disease ................. 172

Section 17.5—Parkinson Disease .................... 176

vii

Chapter 18—Vascular Dementia ............................................... 199

Section 18.1—What Is Vascular Dementia? ... 200

Section 18.2—Binswanger Disease
(Subcortical Vascular
Dementia) ................................. 202

Section 18.3—Cerebral Autosomal
Dominant Arteriopathy
with Subcortical Infarcts
and Leukoencephalopathy
(CADASIL) ................................ 204

Section 18.4—Multi-Infarct Dementia............ 205

Chapter 19—Dementia Caused by Infection ............................. 207

Section 19.1—Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ....... 208

Section 19.2—Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) Dementia
Complex .................................... 213

Chapter 20—Other Health Conditions That Cause
Dementia ............................................................... 219

Section 20.1—Cancer, Delirium, and
Dementia .................................. 220

Section 20.2—Dementia: A Symptom
of Normal Pressure
Hydrocephalus .......................... 225

Part IV: Recognizing, Diagnosing, and Treating
Symptoms of AD and Dementias

Chapter 21—Forgetfulness: Knowing When to Ask for Help ... 231

Chapter 22—Talking with Your Doctor ..................................... 237

Chapter 23—Diagnosing AD ...................................................... 249

Section 23.1—How Is AD Diagnosed? ............. 250

Section 23.2—AD Guidelines Updated
for First Time in Decades......... 254

Chapter 24—Testing for AD ....................................................... 259

Section 24.1—Mental Status Tests ................. 260

viii

Section 24.2—Positron Emission
Tomography (PET) and
Single Photon Emission
Computed Tomography
(SPECT) .................................... 263

Section 24.3—Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI) .......................... 265

Section 24.4—ApoE Genotyping ..................... 268

Section 24.5—Biomarker Testing for AD:
Checking for Tau Protein
and Amyloid Beta 42 in
Cerebrospinal Fluid ................. 271

Chapter 25—Overview of AD Interventions .............................. 275

Chapter 26—AD Medications ..................................................... 279

Chapter 27—Medications for Cognitive Changes ..................... 283

Chapter 28—Participating in AD Clinical Trials
and Studies ........................................................... 287

Chapter 29—Can AD Be Prevented? ......................................... 295

Chapter 30—Recent AD Research ............................................. 307

Section 30.1—Amyloid Deposits May
Predict Risk for AD .................. 308

Section 30.2—Ovary Removal May Increase
Risk of Dementia ...................... 310

Section 30.3—Changes Occur in High-Risk
Seniors before AD Symptoms
Appear ....................................... 311

Section 30.4—Family with AD May Carry
Clues to Treatment .................. 315

Section 30.5—Insulin May Improve Memory
in People with AD ..................... 318

Part V: Living with AD and Dementias

Chapter 31—Talking about Your Diagnosis .............................. 323

Section 31.1—Telling Others about
an AD Diagnosis ....................... 324