Algorithms and procedures to analyze physiological signals in psychophysiological research PDF
Preview Algorithms and procedures to analyze physiological signals in psychophysiological research
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2006 Algorithms and procedures to analyze physiological signals in psychophysiological research Joset Amy Etzel Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at:https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of theBiological Psychology Commons,Biostatistics Commons,Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons, and thePsychiatry and Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Etzel, Joset Amy, "Algorithms and procedures to analyze physiological signals in psychophysiological research" (2006).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 1255. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/1255 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please [email protected]. Algorithms and procedures to analyze physiological signals in psychophysiological research by Joset Amy Etzel A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program of Study Committee: Julie A. Dickerson, Co-major Professor Ralph Adolphs, Co-major Professor Dianne Cook Uhnoh Kim Dan Nettleton Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2006 UMI Number: 3217269 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3217269 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ii Graduate College Iowa State University This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation of Joset Amy Etzel has met the dissertation requirements of Iowa State University Signature was redacted for privacy. Co-major Professor Signature was redacted for privacy. o-major Professor Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Program iii TABLE OF CONTENTS FREQUENTLY USED ABBREVIATIONS vii ABSTRACT viii INTRODUCTION 1 Motivation 1 Organization of the Dissertation 2 CHAPTER 1 : BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Introduction: Psychophysiology 3 Cardiovascular Psychophysiology 3 Biological Basis 4 Heart Rate Variability Analysis 7 Frequency Domain Measures 10 Clinical Findings 10 Respiration Psychophysiology 11 Biological Basis 12 Measurement Devices 13 Chest Strain Gauge Respiration Signals 14 Respiration Measures 15 Clinical Findings 17 Electrodermal Psychophysiology 18 Biological Basis 18 Measurement and Quantification 20 Clinical Findings 23 CHAPTER 2: PERMUTATION TESTING 25 Abstract 25 General Characteristics and History 25 Repeated Measures Methods 26 Null Bands and Null Hypotheses 27 Papers using Repeated Measures and Permutation Testing 28 Permutation Testing for Psychophysiological Data 29 Smoothing: Summary Curves 30 Permuting 31 Null Bands 32 Discussion 32 iv CHAPTER 3: SIGNAL PROCESSING AND PUKA 34 Abstract 34 Introduction 34 Signal Analysis 35 Respiration Analysis Algorithm 35 EKG Waveform Detection 37 Implementation 38 HRV Figures and Calculations 38 Respiration Summary Measures 39 Peak-Valley RSA Calculation 39 Implementation Testing 40 HRV and RSA 40 Respiration: Paced Breathing Study 40 Discussion 46 CHAPTER 4: CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY RESPONSES DURING MUSICAL MOOD INDUCTION 49 Abstract 49 Introduction 50 Respiration patterns 51 Heart rate variability patterns 52 Coordination of respiration with external signals 52 Psychophysiological reactions to music 53 Materials and Methods 54 Participants 54 Stimuli 54 Procedure 54 Physiological measures 56 Entrainment determination 59 Results 59 Subjective results ; 59 Cardiovascular measures 60 Respiratory Measures 63 Entrainment 65 Discussion 67 Acknowledgements 70 V CHAPTER 5: PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES WHILE VIEWING A COMPLEX EMOTIONAL VIDEO STIMULUS AND DURING SELF-REGULATION 71 Abstract 71 Study Description 71 Subjects 72 Stimulus 73 Measures and Quantification 73 Results: Differences between Conditions 75 Heart Rate Variability (HRV) 75 Respiration Rate Variability 82 Electrodermal Activity (EDA) 86 Skin Temperature 89 Results: Changes Over Time 91 Heart Rate Variability (HRV) 92 Respiration Rate Variability 93 Electrodermal Activity and Skin Temperature 93 Discussion 94 Condition-Related Findings 95 Emotion-Related Findings 97 CHAPTER 6: TRANSIENT HEART RATE RESPONSES TO WORD VIEWING AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO RECALL 102 Abstract 102 Study Description 102 Stimuli and Protocol 103 Subjects 103 Data Analysis Techniques 103 General Observations 104 Recall and Word Type 105 Recall, Gender, and Word Type 106 Univariate Analyses 108 Gender 108 Word Type 109 Condition 111 Experiment 112 Recall 114 vi Discussion 115 Bivariate Analyses 116 Word Type and Gender 117 Word Type and Condition 117 Word Type and Experiment 121 Discussion 127 Trivariate Analyses 128 Word Type, Gender, and Recall 128 Word Type, Condition, and Recall 134 Discussion 141 Condition Effects 142 Recall Effects 142 Evoked Cardiac Responses and the HR Component of the Orienting Response 143 Conclusions 145 CONCLUSIONS 147 FUTURE WORK 149 Expansion of Current Findings 149 Physiological Measurement and Data Analysis 149 Additional Research Questions 151 REFERENCES 152 vii FREQUENTLY USED ABBREVIATIONS ECR Evoked cardiac response EDA Electrodermal activity EKG Electrocardiogram HF High frequency heart rate variability HR Heart rate HRV Heart rate variability LF Low frequency heart rate variability M Mean mdn Median msec Milliseconds NS-SCR Non-specific skin conductance response rMSSD Root-mean-square successive differences OR Orienting response RSA Respiratory sinus arrhythmia SCL Skin conductance level SCR Skin conductance response SD, sd Standard deviation SDANN Standard deviation of normal-normal intervals calculated over short periods SDNN Standard deviation of the normal-normal intervals SDSD Standard deviation of successive differences ULF Ultra low frequency heart rate variability VLF Very low frequency heart rate variability viii ABSTRACT This dissertation presents analytical techniques which allow more information to be derived from psychophysiological data than possible with traditional methods. The techniques include an implemented algorithm for chest strain-gauge respiration signal analysis and a permutation testing method for evaluating changes over time in physiological signals. These methods are applied to three data sets, each examining physiological correlates of emotional experience. In the first study physiological correlates of moods induced using music were identified, although respiration entrainment confounds the issue of whether mood or the music caused the observed patterns. The second study examined physiological responses while subjects watched an emotion-inducing movie under three emotion-regulation conditions; changes relating both to the movie scenes and condition were identified. Finally, the third study evaluated short term changes in heart rate while viewing words in terms of the type of word viewed and later word recall.
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