Algorithms and procedures to analyze physiological signals in psychophysiological research

177 Pages·2016·3.64 MB·English

Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Dissertations
2006
Algorithms and procedures to analyze physiological
signals in psychophysiological research
Joset Amy Etzel
Iowa State University
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Etzel, Joset Amy, "Algorithms and procedures to analyze physiological signals in psychophysiological research" (2006).Retrospective
Theses and Dissertations. 1255.
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Algorithms and procedures to analyze physiological
signals in psychophysiological research
by
Joset Amy Etzel
A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Major: Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Program of Study Committee:
Julie A. Dickerson, Co-major Professor
Ralph Adolphs, Co-major Professor
Dianne Cook
Uhnoh Kim
Dan Nettleton
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
2006
UMI Number: 3217269
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Graduate College
Iowa State University
This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation of
Joset Amy Etzel
has met the dissertation requirements of Iowa State University
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Co-major Professor
Signature was redacted for privacy.
o-major Professor
Signature was redacted for privacy.
For the Major Program
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FREQUENTLY USED ABBREVIATIONS vii
ABSTRACT viii
INTRODUCTION 1
Motivation 1
Organization of the Dissertation 2
CHAPTER 1 : BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 3
Introduction: Psychophysiology 3
Cardiovascular Psychophysiology 3
Biological Basis 4
Heart Rate Variability Analysis 7
Frequency Domain Measures 10
Clinical Findings 10
Respiration Psychophysiology 11
Biological Basis 12
Measurement Devices 13
Chest Strain Gauge Respiration Signals 14
Respiration Measures 15
Clinical Findings 17
Electrodermal Psychophysiology 18
Biological Basis 18
Measurement and Quantification 20
Clinical Findings 23
CHAPTER 2: PERMUTATION TESTING 25
Abstract 25
General Characteristics and History 25
Repeated Measures Methods 26
Null Bands and Null Hypotheses 27
Papers using Repeated Measures and Permutation Testing 28
Permutation Testing for Psychophysiological Data 29
Smoothing: Summary Curves 30
Permuting 31
Null Bands 32
Discussion 32
iv
CHAPTER 3: SIGNAL PROCESSING AND PUKA 34
Abstract 34
Introduction 34
Signal Analysis 35
Respiration Analysis Algorithm 35
EKG Waveform Detection 37
Implementation 38
HRV Figures and Calculations 38
Respiration Summary Measures 39
Peak-Valley RSA Calculation 39
Implementation Testing 40
HRV and RSA 40
Respiration: Paced Breathing Study 40
Discussion 46
CHAPTER 4: CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY RESPONSES DURING
MUSICAL MOOD INDUCTION 49
Abstract 49
Introduction 50
Respiration patterns 51
Heart rate variability patterns 52
Coordination of respiration with external signals 52
Psychophysiological reactions to music 53
Materials and Methods 54
Participants 54
Stimuli 54
Procedure 54
Physiological measures 56
Entrainment determination 59
Results 59
Subjective results ; 59
Cardiovascular measures 60
Respiratory Measures 63
Entrainment 65
Discussion 67
Acknowledgements 70
V
CHAPTER 5: PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES WHILE VIEWING A COMPLEX
EMOTIONAL VIDEO STIMULUS AND DURING SELF-REGULATION 71
Abstract 71
Study Description 71
Subjects 72
Stimulus 73
Measures and Quantification 73
Results: Differences between Conditions 75
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) 75
Respiration Rate Variability 82
Electrodermal Activity (EDA) 86
Skin Temperature 89
Results: Changes Over Time 91
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) 92
Respiration Rate Variability 93
Electrodermal Activity and Skin Temperature 93
Discussion 94
Condition-Related Findings 95
Emotion-Related Findings 97
CHAPTER 6: TRANSIENT HEART RATE RESPONSES TO WORD VIEWING AND
THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO RECALL 102
Abstract 102
Study Description 102
Stimuli and Protocol 103
Subjects 103
Data Analysis Techniques 103
General Observations 104
Recall and Word Type 105
Recall, Gender, and Word Type 106
Univariate Analyses 108
Gender 108
Word Type 109
Condition 111
Experiment 112
Recall 114
vi
Discussion 115
Bivariate Analyses 116
Word Type and Gender 117
Word Type and Condition 117
Word Type and Experiment 121
Discussion 127
Trivariate Analyses 128
Word Type, Gender, and Recall 128
Word Type, Condition, and Recall 134
Discussion 141
Condition Effects 142
Recall Effects 142
Evoked Cardiac Responses and the HR Component of the Orienting Response 143
Conclusions 145
CONCLUSIONS 147
FUTURE WORK 149
Expansion of Current Findings 149
Physiological Measurement and Data Analysis 149
Additional Research Questions 151
REFERENCES 152
vii
FREQUENTLY USED ABBREVIATIONS
ECR Evoked cardiac response
EDA Electrodermal activity
EKG Electrocardiogram
HF High frequency heart rate variability
HR Heart rate
HRV Heart rate variability
LF Low frequency heart rate variability
M Mean
mdn Median
msec Milliseconds
NS-SCR Non-specific skin conductance response
rMSSD Root-mean-square successive differences
OR Orienting response
RSA Respiratory sinus arrhythmia
SCL Skin conductance level
SCR Skin conductance response
SD, sd Standard deviation
SDANN Standard deviation of normal-normal intervals calculated over short periods
SDNN Standard deviation of the normal-normal intervals
SDSD Standard deviation of successive differences
ULF Ultra low frequency heart rate variability
VLF Very low frequency heart rate variability
viii
ABSTRACT
This dissertation presents analytical techniques which allow more information to be
derived from psychophysiological data than possible with traditional methods. The
techniques include an implemented algorithm for chest strain-gauge respiration signal
analysis and a permutation testing method for evaluating changes over time in physiological
signals. These methods are applied to three data sets, each examining physiological
correlates of emotional experience. In the first study physiological correlates of moods
induced using music were identified, although respiration entrainment confounds the issue
of whether mood or the music caused the observed patterns. The second study examined
physiological responses while subjects watched an emotion-inducing movie under three
emotion-regulation conditions; changes relating both to the movie scenes and condition
were identified. Finally, the third study evaluated short term changes in heart rate while
viewing words in terms of the type of word viewed and later word recall.