Alginate Biomaterial: Drug Delivery Strategies and Biomedical Engineering

420 Pages·2023·9.738 MB·English

by  Sougata Jana, Subrata Jana

Sougata Jana
Subrata Jana   Editors
Alginate
Biomaterial
Drug Delivery Strategies and Biomedical
Engineering
Alginate Biomaterial
(cid:129)
Sougata Jana Subrata Jana
Editors
Alginate Biomaterial
Drug Delivery Strategies and Biomedical
Engineering
Editors
SougataJana SubrataJana
DepartmentofHealth&FamilyWelfare DepartmentofChemistry
DirectorateofHealthServices IndiraGandhiNationalTribalUniversity
Kolkata,WestBengal,India Amarkantak,MadhyaPradesh,India
ISBN978-981-19-6936-2 ISBN978-981-19-6937-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6937-9
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Contents
AlginateBasedMatrixTabletforDrugDelivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
AliMujtaba,ArshiyaParveen,NawafM.Alotaibi,
MohammadDaudAli,andMunfisPatel
AlginateBasedMicroParticulateSystemsforDrugDelivery. . . . . . . . . 19
JyosnaDoniparthi,SuryaprakashReddyChappidi,andE.Bhargav
AlginateBasedNanocarriersforControlledDrug
DeliveryApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
DeepaThomasandM.S.Latha
AlginateBasedCarriersforTopicalDrugDelivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
GouravParmar,ManishKumar,AbhishekJha,andBrahmeshwarMishra
AlginateBasedHydrogelinDrugDelivery
andBiomedicalApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
SuchitaDattatrayShinde,NeerajKulkarni,GovindaShivajiJadhav,
BhaskarDewangan,StephinBaby,SalilPophali,andBichismitaSahu
AlginateBasedInterpenetratingPolymerNetwork(IPN)in
DrugDeliveryandBiomedicalApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
PoojaMittal,RamitKapoor,andBrahmeshwarMishra
AlginateBasedMicelleinBiomedicalApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
P.R.SarikaandNirmalaRachelJames
AlginateBasedPolyelectrolyteComplexesforDrugDelivery
andBiomedicalApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
ParneetKaurDeol,AmritpalKaur,JasleenKaurKooner,AmoljitSingh
Gill,MandeepSingh,andInduPalKaur
Alginate-BasedInhalableParticlesforControlledPulmonary
DrugDelivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Hao-YingLi
v
vi Contents
BiomedicalApplicationsofAlginateintheDeliverySystem
forNaturalProducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
JiaWangandHaixiaChen
AlginateinCancerTherapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Vikas,AbhisheshKumarMehata,ChandrasekharSingh,AnkitKumar
Malik,AseemSetia,andMadaswamyS.Muthu
AlginateCarriersinWoundHealingApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
LissetteAgüeroandMarcosL.Dias
AlginateasSupportMaterialinEnzymeImmobilization. . . . . . . . . . . . 327
ZahraAshkan,SaharZahirinejad,RoohullahHemmati,andAliDinari
AlginateinGeneandVaccineDelivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
HaniNasserAbdelhamid
AlginateBasedScaffoldsinTissueEngineeringandRegenerative
Medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 389
DebleenaGhosh,TaposiTrishnaNeog,RishikPatra,KritideepaNath,
andKishorSarkar
About the Editors
Sougata Jana has completed his Ph.D. in pharmaceutical technology from
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), West Bengal
(FormerlyKnownasWBUT),India.Hehasspent14yearsinpharmacy,including
teaching,research,andhealthservices.Sougatahaspublishedover30researchand
reviewarticlesindifferentnationalandinternationalpeer-reviewedjournals.Hehas
alsoedited12booksandpublishedmorethan45bookchaptersineditedbooksby
international publishers. He is a reviewer for peer-reviewed international journals.
Sougata is a life member of the Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India
(APTI)andholdsanassociateshipwiththeInstitutionofChemists(AIC),India.He
successfully guided 17 postgraduate students in their research projects. Sougata is
working on drug delivery science and technology, including modification of syn-
thetic and natural biopolymers, microparticles, nanoparticles, and semisolids and
interpenetratingnetwork(IPN)systemforcontrolleddrugdelivery.
Subrata Jana is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi
National Tribal University (Central University), Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh,
India.Hiscurrentresearchfocusesonthedesignandsynthesisofartificialreceptors
for the recognition of anions, cations, and biomolecules along with biodegradable
polymeric-based carrier systems for the delivery of drug molecules. So far, he has
published around 40 research papers in peer-reviewed international journals and
contributedmorethan20bookchaptersineditedbookspublishedbyinternationally
renownedpublishers.HeiscurrentlyservingasexecutiveeditorofMekalInsights,
theofficialresearchjournalofIGNTU.Healsoservedasareviewerforinternational
journals. Subrata has obtained his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the Indian
Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, India. Then he
worked with Professor (Dr.) Fraser Hof at the University of Victoria, Canada, and
Dr. Kenneth J. Woycechowsky at the University of Utah, USA, as a postdoc.
Overall, he has extensively studied the supramolecular behavior of the host–guest
interactionandsynthesisofdifferentheterocyclicmoieties.
vii
Alginate Based Matrix Tablet for Drug
Delivery
AliMujtaba,ArshiyaParveen,NawafM.Alotaibi,MohammadDaudAli,
andMunfisPatel
Abstract Thepolymer-based matrixtablets aremostlyusedtomanufactureorally
prolongedreleaseddosageformsduetothecostsavingsandrelativeeaseofdesign
process and scale-up production. Alginates are a kind of biopolymer that has been
employed in various applications. Sodium alginate offers a lot of potential in drug
delivery.Alginateisabiodegradableandbiocompatiblecontrolled-releasepolymer
that is widely employed in pharmaceutical research. The drug delivery systems
based on alginate offer the potential to address the disadvantages of conventional
drugdelivery.Asaresult,alginatehasgottenalotofinterestfromresearchersinthe
recent years. This precise polymer is available in both neutral and charged forms,
makingitappropriateforavarietyofproducts.Becauseofthepotentialtomaketwo
different types of gel relying on the medium’s pH, the physicochemical properties
vary greatly. Other scholars have looked into the industrial aspects of making
alginatematrix. Whendeveloping modified-release dosage forms, careful selection
ofalginategradeiscritical.
Keywords Alginate·Matrixtablets·Viscosity·Sustainedrelease·Releaseprofile
✉
A.Mujtaba( )
DepartmentofPharmaceutics,FacultyofPharmacy,NorthernBorderUniversity,Rafha,Saudi
Arabia
e-mail:[email protected]
A.Parveen
DepartmentofPharmaceutics,SchoolofPharmaceuticalEducationandResearch,Jamia
Hamdard,NewDelhi,Delhi,India
N.M.Alotaibi
DepartmentofClinicalPharmacy,FacultyofPharmacy,NorthernBorderUniversity,Rafha,
SaudiArabia
M.D.Ali
DepartmentofPharmacy,MohammedAl-ManaCollegeforMedicalSciences,Dammam,Saudi
Arabia
M.Patel
FoundationYearDepartment,MohammedAl-ManaCollegeforMedicalSciences,Dammam,
SaudiArabia
©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2023 1
S.Jana,S.Jana(eds.),AlginateBiomaterial,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6937-9_1
2 A.Mujtabaetal.
1 Introduction
Alginatesaremetallicsalts(sodium,potassium,calcium,magnesiumetc.)ofalginic
acid and are edible polysaccharides derived from naturally occurring brown algae-
seaweed.Differentspeciesofseaweedproducedifferenttypesofalginategels.They
arehydrophilicinnatureandformviscousgelwhenhydratedwithaqueousmedium.
Inadditiontothatsomeofthebacterialspeciesalsoproducevarietyofalginategels.
They are non-toxic, relatively low cost, biocompatible, and mild gelation property
usedinbiosynthesisaswellasinproductionofmicro-ornanostructuressuitablefor
medicalapplications. Their biological functionisbased ontheirchemical structure
and has a wide prospective in drug design hence their use and demand in pharma-
ceutical area is increasing day by day. They can be used to make products that
provide protective, therapeutic, or wellness medicinal characteristics, owing to the
availability of phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids functional groups, that are the
mainingredientsofvariouspharmacologicallyactiveconstituents(LeeandMooney
2012).
Drug delivery through gastrointestinal, intravenous, respiratory, and topical
routes has been intensively studied with alginates. It’s a biodegradable polymer
withalowtoxicitylevel(Chingetal.2017).Thesearethemajorcharacteristicsthat
distinguish alginate as one of the natural polymers with the broadest biological
applications (Hariyadi and Islam 2020; Sosnik 2014). Alginates can be tailored to
fulfilltherequirementsofbiomedicalandpharmaceuticalindustries.Thishasmany
properties that used as a formulation excipient which makes it as an important
component in polymeric-controlled delivery. Biopolymers, notably alginates, have
piqued the interest of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in recent
years (Shilpa et al. 2003). Form long time, the naturally present alginate polymers
havebeenappliedasathickening,gel-forming,anddispersionstabilizingingredient
in the foodservice industry. They’re also employed in tablet manufacturing as
bindersanddisintegrants.
Alginate has various properties which make it viable polymer for the develop-
mentofsustained-releasedeliverysystemsalongwiththecommonlyapplicablefood
additive (Liew et al. 2006). Oral dosage is currently the most recurrent use of
alginate in therapeutic applications, while usage of alginate forms hydrogels for
biomedicalapplicationisrising.Oraldoseformssuchastabletsandcapsulesarethe
most used. The products are typically manufactured in an immediate-release form,
which allows for fast absorption of the drug. The process of coating over the drug
dosage form can reproduced as sustained-release formulation. Sustained release
systems are intended to provide drug in a consistent and kinetically predictable
manner. Alginates can be used in pharmaceutical dosage formulations as type of
release(TønnesenandKarlsen2002).Sodiumalginateistypicallyutilizedasatablet
binding agent, whereas, in compressed tablets engineered for quick drug release
(Naharetal.2017).
AlginateBasedMatrixTabletforDrugDelivery 3
2 Physicochemical Properties of Alginate
Marine algae including Laminaria hyperborea, Ascophyllum nodosum, and
Macrocystis pyrifera are used to make commercial alginates made of the linear
unbranchedpolysaccharidesofalginateswithdifferent quantitiesofD-mannuronic
acid (M) and -L-guluronic acid (G) (Wee and Gombotz1998). The glycosidic 1–4
linkages connect the M and G monomers, generating MM or GG homopolymeric
blockswhichareinterleavedwithMGorGMheteropolymericblocks.Thesources
of marine algae and the tissue from which alginates are derived, and the crop
harvesting season all influence the molecular variability of this polymer. In the
leaves of Laminaria hyperborean have a more concentration of mannuronic acid,
whereas the outer cortex and stipe have a huge concentration of guluronic acid. In
thesameexamplesofAscophyllumnodosumfruitsholdmoremannuronicacidthan
old tissue that rich in guluronic acid (Galus and Lenart 2013). The structural
arrangement of the M, G, and MG blocks is established using 1H-NMR and
13C-NMRtechniques.Thecontent,orderofpolymerblocks,andmolecularweight
ofalginatesareallfactorsthatinfluencethegel’sphysicochemicalqualities.
Alginates rich in guluronic acid blocks produce significantly stronger gels than
alginatesabundantinmannuronate,sincetheGcontenthavealargerattractionwith
divalentionsincomparedtoMcontent(TønnesenandKarlsen2002).TheM/Gratio
hasaconsiderableimpactinrespecttotransmittance,swelling,andviscoelasticityof
gelformingalginatemembranes(Sanchez-Ballesteretal.2021).Whencomparedto
neutralized macromolecules, alginate’s capacity to generate two forms of gels
dependsonanacidicgel,pHandanionotropicgelprovidesspecialfeaturesofthe
polymer.Thetype ofgelgenerated will determinethephysicochemicalfeaturesof
the polymeric matrix as well as the swelling procedure used to stimulate drug
release. Alginic acid and its salts are considered non-toxic and biocompatible
(Szekalska et al. 2016). These materials are available in pharma market in more
than 200 form of alginate, as well as alginic acid and several related salts, are
produced. In the food, cosmetic and pharma industries, alginates are frequently
used(JainandBar-Shalom2014).Alginates havecarboxylgroupsthatarecharge-
able at pH values more than 3–4, making them soluble in neutral and alkaline
circumstances, allowing them to be widely used. Alginate is a preferred polymer
for some medications that require higher protection and favorable consumption in
thedigestivetractorevenotherparameterssuchasaltereddrugrelease.Alginateis
an excellentbiomaterial fordrug delivery systems because of its solubility and pH
sensitivity(JainandBar-Shalom2014).
Sodiumalginate(SA)hasbeenthemostcommonkindofalginateutilizedinthe
pharma industry, and it can be used to prolong drug release. SA with the various
featuresimpacting the release of drugfrom matrices such as, particle size distribu-
tions, viscosities, and elemental composition are employed to manufacture matrix
tablets of different doses. The release of drugs from one of these matrices is
influenced by particle size. It has an impact on the amount of the burst release;
increased viscosity of alginate retards the release of drug in the buffer media but