Algae of Northwestern America PDF
Preview Algae of Northwestern America
QK 571 S493 1903 BOT \ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES £Ms£ From the Library of E. YALE DAWSON —————— LIBRARY YALE DAWSON E. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS BOTANY Vol. 1, pp. 165-418, Pis. 17-27 March 31, 1903 ALGLE OF NORTHWESTERN AMERICA BY WILLIAM ALBERT SETCHELL AND NATHANIEL LYON GARDNER CONTENTS. PAGE I. Introduction 167 II.—Geography _ 167 III. History 171 IV. Collections 173 V.—Scope 175 VI.—Citations 176 VII.—Acknowledgments 177 Vni.—G'YANOPHYCEiE 178 LX.—Chlorophyce.£ 199 X.—PHiEOPHYCEiE 233 XI. Rhodophyce^: 286 XIL—List of geographical names 368 XIII. List of works referred to 381 XIV.—Index 388 XV. Explanation of plates 398 : BOT.-12 [165 ALGLE OF NORTHWESTERN AMERICA. INTRODUCTION. No account of anycompleteness, orofpretension towards com- pleteness, ofthealga?of the northwestern coast of NorthAmerica has ever been published. Various accounts have been written and odd references have been made in general and special works, but nothing- which has brought together all the available mater- ials. We have been at work for some time trying to obtain siieh a knowledgeas towarrant the attempt, and in thefollowing pages we shall try to bring together all that is known to us, either from specimens or from the literature, of the algae of the region known as the Northwest Coast. Unfortunately, the spec- imens from which the earlier accounts are drawn, are all pre- served, as many as still survive, in various European herbaria and are. as yet, inaccessible to us. We have tried, however, to make full use of such study as has been made of these in the later days and published or communicated to us. While we have tried to discuss, or at least to mention, every alga credited to our territory, we have laid the greatest stress upon the results of our own studies in the field and upon specimens communicated to us, or otherwise accessible. This account, then, represents largely our own experience in attempting to obtain a knowledge of this algal flora. GEOGRAPHY. The limits set for this account, from the geographical point of view, range from Cape Flattery at the northwest- ern corner of the State of Washington, northward along the coast to the region of Kotzebue Sound on the Arctic coast of Alaska. This general region is chosen for several reasons of algal distribution. The study of the alga? of the entire western coast of North America has made it fairly plain that there are four, or possibly five regions of algal growth on the western [1671 168 University of California Publications. [botany — coast of North America, well marked off, viz.; the Boreal, the North Temperate, the North Subtropical, and the Tropical Regions. The Tropical Region is almost unknown as regards its algal inhabitants, but from data existing in our collections, seems to have its northern boundary somewhere in the neigh- borhood of Magdalena Bay, on the coast of Lower California in the Republic of Mexico. It may be characterizedroiighly by the absence of even the warmer water Laminariacea? and the abun- dance of Sargassacea?, Dictyotacea?, and other tropical groups. From the northern limit of the Tropical Region, there extends northward a Subtropical Region which has its northern bound- ary fairly sharply marked by Point Conception in Santa Barbara County in the State of California. This region is characterized by the presence of Laminariacea? of the warmer waters, such as species of Eisenia, Pelagophyeus, and Egregia (E. lavigata Setchell), by certain Dictyotacea?, as well as warmer water Rhodophyceas, all of which are either strictly limited to the northward by Point Conception, or else are to be found only in warmer isolated areas above it. On passing to the north of Point Conception, a decided change is experienced in the compo- sition of the algal flora. The groups just mentioned are absent, and certain species characteristic of the colderwaters to the north are met with, mingled in certain favored and sheltered localities with species of warmer waters. None of the strictly subtropical Laminariacea? are met with, except occasionally the last one mentioned. No Sargassacea? are found, nor any of the Dictyo- tacea?, at least none have been found growing. In turn, wemeet with the Nereocystis of the colder waters, with certain species of Laminaria, with the northern Egregia (E. Meitziesii (Turner) Areschoug) and with other colder water forms, less striking, , but no less characteristic of this region. The algal flora of the Temperate Region remains fairly unchanged until we come to Puget Sound, when we find many of its characteristic species intermingled with those of the Boreal Region. The species characteristic of the Boreal Region, extend to some extent, at least, into PugetSound, interminglingtherewiththespecies ofthe warmer waters to the southward and the latter, in turn, in some special cases, extend even farther northward to the region of
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