Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal I: Experimental Studies

416 Pages·1973·18.54 MB·English

by  H. Kalant (auth.)

ALCOHOL INTOXICATION
AND WITHDRAWAL I
Experimental Studies
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
Nathan Back Chairman, Department 0/ Biochemical Pharmacology, School 0/ Pharmacy,
State University 0/ New York, Buffalo, New York
N. R. Di Luzio Chairman, Department 0/ Physiology,
Tulane University School 0/ Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
Alfred Gellhorn University 0/ Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Bernard Halpern College de France,
Director 0/ the Institute 0/ Immuno.Biology, Paris, France
Ephraim Katchalski Department 0/ Biophysics, The Weizmann Institute 0/ Science,
Rehovoth, Israel
David Kritchevsky Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
AIH"I Lajtha New York State Research Institute for Neurochemistry and Drug Addiction,
Ward' s Island, New York
Rodolfo Paoletti In,~titute 0/ Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy.
University 0/ Milan, Milan, Italy
Volume 1
THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Edited by N. R. Di Luzio and R. Paoletti· 1967
Volume 2
I'HAR:\JACOLOGY OF HORMONAL POLYPEPTIDES AND PROTEINS
Edited by N. Back, L. Martini, and R. Paoletti' 1968
Volume 3
(;ERM-FREE IHOLO(;Y: Expprilllental and C1inic'al Aspeet.
Edited by E. A. Mirand and N. Back' 1969
Volume 4
DRUGS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM
Edited by W. L. Holmes, L. A. Carlson, and R. Paoletti' 1969
Volume 5
LYMPHATIC TISSUE AND GERMINAL CENTERS IN IMMUNE RESPONSE
Edited by L. Fiore-Donati and M. G. Hanna, Jr.' 1969
Volullle 6
RED CELL METABOLISM AND FUNCTION
Edited by George J. Brewer' 1970
Volume 7
SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Edited by Martin Blank' 1970
Volume 8
BRADYKININ AND RELATED KININS: Cardiovascular, Biochemical, and
Neural Actions
Edited by F. Sicuteri, M. Rocha e Silva, and N. Back' 1970
Volume 9
SHOCK: Biochemical, Pharmacological, and Clinical Aspects
Edited by A. Bertelli and N. Back' 1970
Volume 10
THE HUMAN TESTIS
Edited by E. Rosemberg and C. A. Paulsen' 1970
Volume II
MUSCLE METABOLISM DURING EXERCISE
Edited by B. Pernow and B. Sahin • 1971
Volume 12
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF IMMUNITY
Edited by K. Lindahl-Kiessling, G. AIm, and M. G. Hanna, Jr.' 1971
Volume 13
CHEMISTRY AND BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
Edited by R. Paoletti and A. N. Davison 0 1971
Volume 14
MEMBRANE·BOUND ENZYMES
Edited by G. Porcellati and F. di Jeso 0 1971
Volume 15
THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND IMMUNE PHENOMENA
Edited by N. R. Di Luzio and K. Flemming 0 1971
Volume 16A
THE ARTERY AND THE PROCESS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS: Pathogenesis
Edited by Stewart Wolf 01971
Volume 16B
THE ARTERY AND THE PROCESS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS: Measurement and
Modification
Edited by Stewart Wolf 01971
Volume 17
CONTROL OF RENIN SECRETION
Edited by Tatiana A. Assaykeen • 1972
Volume 18
THE DYNAMICS OF MERISTEM CELL POPULATIONS
Edited by Morton W. Miller and Charles C. Kuehnert • 1972
Volume 19
SPHINGOLIPIDS, SPHINGOLIPIDOSES AND ALLIED DISORDERS
Edited by Bruno W. Volk and Stanley M. Aronson. 1972
Volume 20
DRUG ABUSE: Nonmedical Use or Dependence·Producinl( Drugs
Edited by Simon Btesh • 1972
Volume 21
V ASOPEPTIDES: Chemistry, Pharmacolol!:Y, and Pathophysiology
Edited by N. Baek and F. Sicuteri 0 19i2
Volume 22
COMPARATIVE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES
Edited by Colin M. Bloor • 1972
Volume 23
THE FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS OF SHOCK
Edited by Lerner B. Hinshaw and Barhara C. Cox. 1972
VOIIIIIII' 24
THE VISUAL SYSTEM: Neurophysiology, Biophysics, and Their Clinical Applications
Edited by (;. B. Arden • 1972
Volume 25
GLYCOLIPIDS, GLYCOPROTEINS, AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES
OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Edited by Vittorio Zambotti, Guido Tetlamanti, and Mariagrazia Arrigoni • 1972
Volume 26
PHARMACOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIPID METABOLISM
Edited by William L. Holmes, RodoIro Paoletti,
and David Kritchevsky • 1972
Volume 27
DRUGS AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT
Edited by M. A. Klingberg, A. Abramovici, and J. Chemke • 1973
Volume 28
HEMOGLOBIN AND RED CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Edited by George J. Brewer • 1972
Volume 29
MICROENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF IMMUNITY
Edited by Branislav D. Jankovi~ and Katarina Isakovic • 19i2
Volume 30
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE THYROID GLAND: Rf'latioll to EndemiC' Cretinism
Editt'd hy J. B. Stanbury and R. L. Kroc • 1972
Volume 31
IMMUNITY IN VIRAL AND RICKETTSIAL DISEASES
Edited by A. Kohn and M. A. Klingberg. 1973
Volume 32
FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Edited by A. N. Davison, P. Mandel, and I. G. Morgan. 1972
Volume 33
NEUROHUMORAL AND METABOLIC ASPECTS OF INJURY
Editf'd by A. G. B. Kovach, H. B. Stoner, and J. J. Spitzer. 1972
Volume 34
PLATELET FUNCTION AND THROMBOSIS: A Review of Methods
Edited by P. M. Mannucci and S. Gorini • 1972
Volmne35
ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND WITHDRAWAL: EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES I
Edited by Milton M. Grols • 1973
Volume 36
RECEPTORS FOR REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES
Edited by Bert W. O'Malley and Anthony R. Means. 1973
ALCOHOL INTOXICATION
AND WITHDRA WALl
Experimental Studies
Edited by
Milton M. Gross
Department of Psychiatry
Downstate Medical Center
Brooklyn, New York
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK-LONDON
First Printing - July 1973
Second Printing - January 1976
Based upon the symposium entitled Experimental Studies of Acute Alcohol In·
toxication and Withdrawal, a part of the Proceedings of the 30th International
Congress on Alcoholism and Addiction, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
Septemher 11-15, 1972
Lihrary of Congress Catalog Card Numher 73·80327
ISBN 978-1-4684-3236-7 ISBN 978-1-4684-3234-3 (eBook)
001 10.1007/978-1-4684-3234-3
© 1973 Plenum Press, New York
A Division of Plenum Puhlishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 100B
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1973
United Kingdom edition puhlished hy Plenum Press, London
A Division of Plenum Puhlishing Company
Davis House (4th Floor), 8 Scruhs Lane, Harlesden, London, NWI0 6SE, England
All rights reserved
No part of this puhlication may he reproduced in any form without
written permission from the puhlisher
This volume is dedicated to
Mr. Henri Krauwheel of the Netherlands
who in his kindness, warmth, dedication,
wisdom, tolerance, compassion, and
gracious hospitality exemplifies his
nation and does credit to us all.
INTRODUCTION
The contributions to this volume clearly indicate the momentum,
quality, liveliness and diversity of the research effort being di
rected toward deepening our understanding of tqe alcohol withdrawal
syndrome. This area of study has gained increasing interest and
attention to the point where it seemed reasonable to devote a spe
cial section to it at the 30th International Congress for Alcoholism
and Drug Dependence in Amsterdam in September, 1972. Our goal was
to share our most recent findings and stimulate others to join in
the effort.
With few exceptions, the papers in this publication present
new data. It had been hoped that the volume would appear by the
end of 1972. However, the eagerness of many of the contributors
to extend their investigations made this target date impossible.
Several of the papers were not presented in the section but
were presented elsewhere in the Congress. However, because of
their particular relevance to the topic they have been included
with the generous consent of the authors.
In assembling this first major meeting devoted exclusively to
experimental studies of acute alcohol intoxication and withdrawal
my task was made pleasant by the remarkable help I received. Eva
and Archer Tongue, of the International Council on Alcohol and Ad
diction which was the parent sponsoring body of the Congress,
enthusiastically endorsed the idea and assisted in the planning
so as to permit the meetings to materialize. Those who chaired
each of the five symposia, Drs. Jack Mendelson, Benjamin Kissin,
Nancy Mello, Wilhelm Feuerlein, and Donald Goodenough also played
key roles in the selection of the participants and the organization
and conduct of the individual symposia. Ultimately, the quality of
the result rests on the shoulders of all the participants who rose
to the opportunity to make of it something special.
Mr. Henri Krauwheel, Secretary of the Congress, played a key
role in seeing to it that the section was accepted as part of the
x INTRODUCTION
program of the Congress and, at the time of the meetings, saw to
it, with the help of Mr. Paul Benninkbolt, that the day to day
needs were met.
To all these people I would like to express my deep apprecia
tion for making my task a privilege. I would also like to acknowl
edge my appreciation to Mrs. Lee Davis for her help in the prepara
tion of the meeting and of this volume.
My special thanks to my wife and our children for their sus
taining love, encouragement and patience.
Milton M. Gross, M. D.
CONTENTS
Section I. BASIC MECHANISMS OF TOLERANCE AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
Jack H. Mendelson, Chairman
1. Biological Models of Alcohol Tolerance and
Physical Dependence . . . . . . . 3
Harold Kalant
2. Neurochemical Aspects of Tolerance to and
Dependence on Ethanol 15
Henrik Wallgren
3. A Role for Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids as
False Adrenergic Neurotransmitters in
Alcoholism . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Gerald Cohen
4. Addiction to Barbiturates and Ethanol: Possible
Biochemical Mechanisms* 45
Boris Tabakoff, Frieda Ungar, and
S. G. A. Alivisatos
Section II. BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS
Benjamin Kissin, Chairman
1. Possible Role of Microsomal Changes Induced by
Ethanol Intake in the Development of
Tolerance and Dependence . . . . . . . 59
Charles S. Lieber
2. Effects of Ethanol on Liver Metabolism* . . . . . . . .. 79
Edward Majchrowicz