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Air quality monitoring in Alberta PDF

204 Pages·1994·15.2 MB·English
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alj- m e - a..- Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta DATA REPORT 1995 ydborta ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Alberta Libraries https://archive.org/details/airqualitymonit1995albe_1 AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN ALBERTA 1995 DATA REPORT Prepared by: R.H. My rick Air Issues and Monitoring Branch Chemicals Assessment and Management Division Alberta Environmental Protection November 1996 1494-A9611 ISBN: 0-7732-5084-0 This report is one in a series of air quality annual reports produced by Alberta Environmental Protection for 1995. The following air quality annual reports are available for 1995: Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Summary Report; Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Detailed Report, and Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Data Report. For copies of these reports or for more information contact: Air Issues and Monitoring Branch Alberta Environmental Protection 6th Floor, Oxbridge Place 9820 - 106 Street Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2J6 Phone (403) 427-5893 ii Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Data Report TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv INTRODUCTION 1 CONTINUOUS MONITORING DATA 3 Index of Air Quality 5 Wind 7 Ammonia (NH3) 17 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 19 Carbon Dioxide (C02) 33 Dust and Smoke 37 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) 53 Nitrogen Dioxide (N02) 65 Nitric Oxide (NO) 75 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 85 Ozone (03) 95 Inhalable Particulates (PM10) 117 Sulphur Dioxide (S02) 121 Total Hydrocarbons (THC) 129 INTERMITTENT MONITORING DATA 139 Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) 141 Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) 145 Sulphate 149 Nitrate 153 STATIC MONITORING DATA 157 Total Dustfall 159 Calcium 161 Total Sulphation 163 Hydrogen Sulphide 169 Fluorides 175 PRECIPITATION QUALITY MONITORING DATA 177 REFERENCES 195 Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Data Report iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Monitoring Locations EDMU - E dmonton central (downtown) monitoring unit ERMU - E dmonton northwest (residential) monitoring unit EIMU - E dmonton east (industrial) monitoring unit CDMU - C algary central (downtown) monitoring unit CRMU - C algary northwest (residential) monitoring unit CIMU - C algary east (industrial) monitoring unit FTSK - F ort Saskatchewan monitoring unit FMMU - F ort McMurray monitoring unit FRMU - F ort MacKay monitoring unit SPBK - S pringbank monitoring unit (Springbank Airport) RLPK - R oyal Park monitoring unit (Vegreville) Pollutant Parameters IQUA - I ndex of the Quality of the Air NH3 - ammonia CO - carbon monoxide co2 - carbon dioxide h2s - h ydrogen sulphide no2 - nitrogen dioxide NO - nitric oxide N0O3x -- ooxziodnees of nitrogen PM]0 - i nhalable particulates S02 - sulphur dioxide THC - t otal hydrocarbons TSP - t otal suspended particulates BaP - b enzo (a) pyrene Units of Measurement ppm - p arts per million by volume ppb - p arts per billion by volume - micrograms per cubic meter Hp+gp / gk1/g0m/03h0 a m3 -- km iilcorgorgarmasm s p e rp e hre c 1t0a0r0e c(uhbyidcr o mgeetne r sio n equivalent) kg/ha - k ilograms per hectare mg/day/1002 - milligrams per day per 100 square centimeters mg/1002/30 days - milligrams per 100 square centimeters per 30 days pg/1002/30 days - micrograms per 100 square centimeters per 30 days km/hr - k ilometres per hour mm - millimetres ml - millilitres COH units - c oefficient of haze units measured as the reduction of light transmission per 1 000 linear feet of air sample iv Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Data Report INTRODUCTION This document is p repared as an appendix to the report entitled "Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Detailed Report". Data summaries are presented for continuous, intermittent, static and precipitation quality monitoring networks operated by Alberta Environmental Protection. Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Air pollutants which are monitored on a c ontinuous basis include ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, dust and smoke (the coefficient of haze), hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, total oxides of nitrogen, ozone, inhalable particulates, sulphur dioxide and total hydrocarbons. Concentrations of these pollutants are reported once every hour, 24 hours a d ay, 365 days a y ear. In the continuous air quality data section of this report, the Index of the Quality of the Air, wind direction and speed, and concentrations of individual air pollutants are summarized. Individual air pollutants have been analyzed, on an annual, seasonal and monthly basis, to resolve simple statistics which describe the data. Seasons are defined as winter (December, January, February), spring (March, April, May), summer (June, July, August) and autumn (September, October, November) (Trenberth 1983). The subsequent pages contain the following information for each continuously monitored air pollutant: (1) percentiles (which indicate the percentage of observations above and below a specific percentile; i.e., 75% means that 75% of the observations are below or equal to the value indicated and 25% of the observations are above the value indicated); (2) simple statistics such as arithmetic and geometric means, arithmetic standard deviations, range, and the number of observations; and (3) the percentage of time that ambient parameter concentrations exceeded the guidelines. Wind direction frequency distributions are generated for times when the guidelines were exceeded. Annual average pollutant concentrations of historical data are also included. Statistical procedures used in this analysis are detailed in numerous statistics publications (refer to Zar (1974) and Gilbert (1987)). Data below the limit of detection (LOD) are estimated by the method described in Gilliom and Helsel (1986). It is assumed that the air quality data above the LOD follows a l ognormal distribution. The data below the LOD are fitted to this lognormal distribution by the method of least squares. Initially, normal scores are calculated for all data points above the LOD by the following equations: z = F(y)',(r/n +1); and F(y) = r/(n+ 1); where F(y) is the cumulative frequency function for the standardized normal distribution, n i s the number of observations, r i s the order of the observation from the LOD to n and z i s the normal score. A l east squares regression of concentration on normal scores is then applied. The data below the LOD may then be estimated by the linear regression equation. Percentiles and statistics are calculated from this modified distribution. Intermittent Air Quality Monitoring Intermittent air quality monitoring refers to air pollutants which are monitored as a 2 4-hour accumulated loading, once every sixth day, according to the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) system. Suspended particulates, benzo (a) pyrene, sulphates and nitrates are monitored according to this system. Minimums, geometric means and maximum values are summarized by month for intermittent monitoring parameters. Annual average values of historical data are also provided. 1 Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Data Report Introduction Static Air Quality Monitoring In 1995, static air quality monitoring was conducted from January to June, inclusive, at 31 networks throughout the province. Each network consisted of at least one monitoring station. Static monitoring is the measurement of total accumulated loadings of pollutants on a one- and three-month schedule. Parameters monitored on a s tatic basis included total sulphation, hydrogen sulphide, dustfall, calcium and fluorides. Static monitoring data are presented as monthly or tri-monthly average loadings for each location. The number of stations at each location is also indicated. Precipitation Quality Monitoring Rain and snow samples were collected on a weekly basis at 12 precipitation quality monitoring stations in 1995. Samples were also collected on a d aily and monthly basis at the Vegreville (Royal Park) station and on a d aily basis at the High Prairie station. Chemical analysis was conducted on these samples to obtain pH as well as other compounds contained in p recipitation. Anion and cation wet deposition rates, and the calculated effective acidity deposition rates are presented for monthly and weekly precipitation samples. Annual pH values were calculated using volume weighted average hydrogen ion concentrations from weekly and monthly samples. Annual anion, cation and effective acidity deposition rates were also calculated simply as the sum of the monthly and weekly values. Anion and cation deposition rates were calculated using the following equation: wet deposition(kg/ha) = concentrationfmg/D x p recipitation depth(mm) 100 where precipitation depth was calculated using the volume of precipitation in the collector. Effective acidity (EA) is an approach which has been developed to estimate the degree of acidification which soil would experience as a result of atmospheric inputs. This approach takes into account: (1) direct deposition of acids onto the soil; and (2) the chemical, biological and physical processes which take place within the soil as a r esult of acid deposition. Effective acidity is described by the equation: EA = [ H+] + 1 .15x[NH4+] - 0 .7x[NO3 ] where [H+], [NH4+] and [NO/] are concentrations of hydrogen ions, ammonia ions and nitrate ions, respectively, expressed as molar equivalents (Coote et al, 1981). Effective acidity is p resented as deposition in kilomoles of hydrogen ion equivalents per hectare. Potential acid input (PA) is an approach that takes into account all sulphur and inorganic nitrogen that is deposited by wet and dry deposition processes (Lovblad et al., 1992; Bull, 1992 ). The non-marine base cation deposition is subtracted from the equation to get the net acid input into the ecosystem. In precipitation, potential acid input is calculated using the following equation: PA = [ S042 ] + [ N03 ] + [ NH4+] - [ Ca2*] - [ Mg2*] - [ K+] where wet deposition of sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, magnesium and potassium are calculated in kilomoles of hydrogen ions equivalents per hectare. Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Data Report 2 Continuous Air Quality Monitoring LOCATION OF CONTINUOUS AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS continuous monitoring station Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Data Report 3 Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Location of continuous monitoring stations. Station Name Station Location Edmonton Central (Downtown) Monitoring Unit (EDMU) 10255 - 104 St. Edmonton Northwest (Residential) Monitoring Unit (ERMU) 13335 - 127 St. Edmonton East (Industrial) Monitoring Unit (EIMU) 105 Ave. and 17 St. Calgary Central (Downtown) Monitoring Unit (CDMU) 611 -4 St. S.W. Calgary Northwest (Residential) Monitoring Unit (CRMU) 39 St. and 29 Ave. N.W. Calgary East (Industrial) Monitoring Unit (CIMU) 49 Ave. and 15 St. S.E. Fort Saskatchewan Monitoring Unit (FTSK) 9209A - 9 6 Ave. Fort McMurray Monitoring Unit (FMMU) Franklin Ave. at old waterpump house site Fort MacKay Monitoring Unit (FRMU) 1 00 m west of the Fort MacKay Band Council Administration Office Springbank (SPBK) 20 km north-northwest of Calgary at the Springbank Airport Royal Park (RLPK) 10 km northwest of Vegreville 4 Air Quality Monitoring in Alberta: 1995 Data Report

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