AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection 4th ed - G. Wormser (Elsevier, 2003) WW

1099 Pages·2003·23.68 MB·English

AIDS and Other Manifestations
of HIV Infection

Fourth Edition

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

AIDS and Other Manifestations
of HIV Infections

Fourth Edition

Edited by
Gary P. Wormser, M. D.

Department of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
New York Medical College
Valhalla, New York

LOGO TO BE PLACED HERE

PAGE IV COPY REQUIRED PLEASE

Contents

List of Contributors
iv

Preface
xv

Acknowledgements
xvii

Dedication
xix

1.
Epidemiology of HIV and AIDs
1
Patricia L. Fleming

2.
Epidemiology of Pediatric HIV Infection
29
Susan M. King, Maru Lou Lindegren and Martha F. Rogers

3.
The Genetic Diversity and Global Molecular Epidemiology of HIV
41
Dale J. Hu, Danuta Pieniazek and Timothy D. Mastro

4.
Introduction to Retroviruses
53
Stephen P. Goff

5.
The Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection
91
Howard E. Gendelman, Scott Diesing, Harris Gelbard and Susan Swindells

6.
Viral Cofactors in the Immune Pathogenisis and Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection
113
Jeffrey Laurence

7.
Virologic and Biologic Features of Human ImmunodeÞciency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2)
127
Jean-Louis SankalŽ and Phyllis J. Kanki

8.
Laboratory Detection of Human Retroviral Infection
143
Stanley H. Weiss and Elliot P. Cowan

9.
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques and other Tests for Direct Detection of HIV
181
Joseph DeSimone and Roger J. Pomerantz

10.
Simian Retroviruses
191
Murray B. Gardner, Maria P. Carlos and Paul A. Luciw

11.
ImmunodeÞciency in HIV-1 Infection
259
Ahmad R. Sedaghat and Robert F. Siliciano

12.
The Role of Host Genetic Variation in HIV Infection and its Manifestations
279
Richard A. Kaslow, James (Jianming) Tang and M. TevÞk Dorak

13.
Care of the Adult Patient with HIV Infection
297
Harold. W. Horowitz and Gary P. Wormser

14.
HIV Disease in Women
363
Lisa Ferrigno and Jack A. DeHovitz

15.
AIDS Manifestations
381
Sharon Nachman

16.
Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection
399
Krystn R. Wagner and Richard E. Chaisson

v

17.
Mycobacterial Disease in Patients with HIV Infection
417
David Ashkin, Yvonne Hale, Elena Hollender, Michael Lauzardo, Masahiro Narita,
Arthur E. Pitchenik, Max SalÞnger and Jerry Jean Stambaugh

18.
Neurologic Complications of HIV and AIDS
473
Barbara S. Koppel and Gokhan L. AkÞrat

19.
AIDS Psychiatry: Psychiatric and Palliative Care, and Pain Management
529
Mary Ann Adler Cohen and CŽsar A. Alfonso

20.
The Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Systems in HIV Infection
569
Donald P. Kotler and Pierre M. Gholam

21.
Neoplastic Complications of HIV Infection
589
Paula OÕConnor and David T. Scadden

22.
Hematologic Manifestations of HIV Infection
605
John P. Doweiko

23.
Cardiac Manifestations in Human ImmunodeÞciency Virus Infection
627
William H. Frishman, Aysha Arshad and Ajay Bansal

24.
Renal Manifestations of HIV infection
643
Jonathan A. Winston, Paul E. Klotman and Mary Klotman

25.
Skin Manifestations of HIV Infection
655
Miguel Sanchez and Alvin E. Friedman-Kien

26.
Ophthalmologic Aspects of HIV Infection
689
Daniel A. Johnson and Douglas A. Jabs

27.
General Pathology of HIV Infection
723
James L. Finley, Vijay V. Joshi and Nancy L. Smith

28.
Neuropathology of AIDS
763
Umberto De Girolami, Leroy R. Sharer, Dana Gabuzda and Ana Sotrel

29.
Infection Control Considerations to Prevent HIV Transmission in Healthcare Settings
791
Linda A. Chiarello, Adelisa L. Panlilio and Denise M. Cardo

30.
HIV Era Occupational Exposures and Risks
799
Stanley H. Weiss and Judith D. Leschek

31.
Antiretroviral Chemotherapy
827
Robert T. Schooley

32.
Discovery and Development of New HIV Medicines
841
Edward P. Garvey, Karen R. Romines and Lawrence R. Boone

33.
Toxicities of Antiretroviral Therapy
853
Patrick W. G Mallon, David A. Cooper and Andrew Carr

34.
HIV Drug Susceptibility Testing
869
Joseph K. Wong, Davey Smith and Douglas Richman

35.
The Analysis of HIV Dynamics Using Mathematical Models
891
Ruy M. Ribeiro and Alan S. Perelson

36.
Practical Therapeutics
899
Stephen C. Piscitelli, Scott R. Penzak and Charles Flexner

37.
Immune-based Therapies for HIV Infection
917
Maria C. Allende and H. Clifford Lane

38.
Immunizations, Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, and HIV Infection
933
Allyn K. Nakashima and Ida M. Onorato

vi

39.
Progress in the Development and Testing of HIV Vaccines
959
Marta-Louise Ackers, Bradford N. Bartholow and Timothy D. Mastro

40.
The Public Health Response to the HIV Epidemic in the United States
983
Richard J. Wolitski, Robert S. Janssen, David R. Holtgrave and John L. Peterson

41.
The Global Impact of HIV and AIDS
1001
Marjorie Opuni and Stefano Bertozzi

42.
Nursing Perspectives in the Care of Persons with HIV Infection
1017
Richard L. Sowell, Troy Spicer and Arlene J. Lowenstein

43.
Ethical Challenges of the Global AIDS Epidemic
1033
Ronald Bayer

vii

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List of Contributors

Marta-Louise Ackers
HIV Vaccine Section, Epidemiology Branch,
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epi-
demiology
National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta GA 30333

Mary Ann Adler Cohen, M.D.
New York NY 10025

Gokhan L. AkÞrat, M.D.

Cesar A. Alfonso, M.D.

Maria C. Allende, M.D.
Clinical and Molecular Retrovirology Section
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda MD 20892

Aysha Arshad, M.D.
Division of Cardiology
St. Lukes- Roosevelt Medical Center/Columbia University
College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York NY 10595

David Ashkin, M.D.
A. G. Holley State Tuberculosis Hospital
Lantana FL 33462

Ajay Bansal, M.D.
Division of Gastroenterology
SUNY Health Science Center at Stony Brook
Stony Brook NY

Bradford N. Bartholow
HIV Vaccine Section, Epidemiology Branch, Division of
HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology
National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta GA 30333

Ronald Bayer
Program in the History of Public Health and Medicine,
Department of Sociomedical Sciences
Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
New York NY 10032

Stefano Bertozzi, M.D., Ph.D.
Health Economics and Policy Unit
National Institute of Public Health
Cuernavaca
Mexico

Lawrence R. Boone Ph.D.
Department of Virology, Viral Diseases Drug Discovery
GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
NC

Denise M. Cardo
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion
National Center for Infectious Diseases,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, GA 30333

Maria P. Carlos
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunlogy,
School of Medicine
University of California
Davis CA 95616

Andrew Carr
HIV, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Clinical Serv-
ices Unit
St VincentÕs Hospital Sydney Ltd
Darlinghurst, Sydney NSW 2010
Australia

Richard E. Chaisson
Division of Infectious Diseases,
Center for Tuberculosis Research
John Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD 21231

Linda A. Chiarello
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta GA 30333

David A. Cooper
National Center in HIV Epidemiology and
Clinical Research
Sydney
Australia

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