AI and IoT for Sustainable Development in Emerging Countries: Challenges and Opportunities PDF
Preview AI and IoT for Sustainable Development in Emerging Countries: Challenges and Opportunities
Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies 105 Zakaria Boulouard Mariya Ouaissa Mariyam Ouaissa Sarah El Himer Editors AI and IoT for Sustainable Development in Emerging Countries Challenges and Opportunities Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies Volume 105 SeriesEditor FatosXhafa,TechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona,Spain Theaimofthebookseriesistopresentcuttingedgeengineeringapproachestodata technologiesandcommunications.Itwillpublishlatestadvancesontheengineering taskofbuildinganddeployingdistributed,scalableandreliabledatainfrastructures andcommunicationsystems. Theserieswillhaveaprominentappliedfocusondatatechnologiesandcommu- nications with aim to promote the bridging from fundamental research on data scienceandnetworkingtodataengineeringandcommunicationsthatleadtoindustry products,businessknowledgeandstandardisation. IndexedbySCOPUS,INSPEC,EICompendex. AllbookspublishedintheseriesaresubmittedforconsiderationinWebofScience. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/15362 · · Zakaria Boulouard Mariya Ouaissa · Mariyam Ouaissa Sarah El Himer Editors AI and IoT for Sustainable Development in Emerging Countries Challenges and Opportunities Editors ZakariaBoulouard MariyaOuaissa LIM MoulayIsmailUniversity HassanIIUniversity Meknes,Morocco Mohammedia,Morocco SarahElHimer MariyamOuaissa SidiMohamedBenAbdellahUniversity MoulayIsmailUniversity Fes,Morocco Meknes,Morocco ISSN2367-4512 ISSN2367-4520 (electronic) LectureNotesonDataEngineering andCommunicationsTechnologies ISBN978-3-030-90617-7 ISBN978-3-030-90618-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90618-4 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Artificial intelligence and Internet of Things have introduced themselves today as must-havetechnologiesinalmosteverysector.Rangingfromagriculturetoindustry and healthcare, the scope of applications of AI and IoT is as wide as the horizon. Nowadays,thesetechnologiesareextensivelyusedindevelopedcountries,butthey arestillatanearlystageinemergingcountries. As these countries were more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, both healthcare-wiseandeconomy-wise,theneedtoadoptnewsolutionstosustainable developmentchallengeshasbecomemorecrucialthanever. TheideabehindthisbookistofocusonsolutionsbasedonAIandIoTthatcan face the challenges of the emerging countries. We will shed the light on different sectorssuchasagriculture,industry,transportation,environment,energy,healthcare, etc.Wewilldiscussthechallengesthattheemergingcountriesfaceinthesesectors and provide AI and IoT-based solutions to them. We will also introduce success storiesfeaturingtheimplementationofAI-andIoT-basedsolutionsandtheirimpact onthelivesofpeopleindevelopingcountries. Thisbookwillbedividedintofiveparts.ThefirstpartwillintroduceAIandIoTas actorsthatcanhelpaddressthesustainabledevelopmentchallengesingeneralwith somecasescenariosasexamples.Theothersectionswillgoindepthandspotthelight onAIandIoTandtheirroletoplayineachofthemostimportantsectorsofeveryday life.TheywillalsoexposehowresearchersfromemergingcountriesappliedAIand IoT to approach sustainable development challenges taking into consideration the specificitiesoftheirowncountries. First part, containing five chapters, starts in Chapter “Achieving Sustainable DevelopmentGoalsThroughDigitalInfrastructureforIntelligentConnectivity,”by spotting the light on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the UN to be achievedby2030andtheimpactthatCOVID-19hadontheseSDGsbyincreasing intelligentconnectivitylevelsandgainingbetteraccesstoeducation,health,work, andentertainmentdespitethepandemic.Chapter“ImplementationofIntelligentIoT” introducedtheconceptof“artificialintelligence-enabledInternetofThings,”better knownas“AIoT.”Itprovidesanoverviewon“intelligent”IoTdevices,aswellaswhy andhowtoimplementthem.Chapter“CyberSecurityChallengesforSmartCities” v vi Preface discusses the interconnectivity of intelligent devices at its widest levels, “Smart Cities,”andhowitcanbesecured.Chapters“EfficientMachineLearningTechnique for Early Detection of IoT Botnets” and “AI-Based Smart Robot for Restaurant Serving Applications” are introductory use case scenarios where researchers from emergingcountries,AlgeriaandPakistan,takethebestofbothAIandIoTtoprovide better solutions toeveryday lifesituations,such as communication securityonthe onehandandrestaurantservingontheotherhand. Secondpartspotsthelightontheinnovationsofemergingcountriesresearchers when it comes to facing the environment and energy optimization challenges. On a microscopic level, Chapter “A Novel Deep Learning Architecture Based IoT Time-Series for Energy Consumption Forecasting in Smart Households” intro- duces a deep learning-based IoT system able to predict energy consumption in smarthouseholds.Onamacroscopiclevel,Chapter“PerformancesofCPVOptics in Morocco” measures the performances of Concentration Photovoltaic systems adopted in Morocco as a means to produce solar-based electrical energy, while Chapter“ArtificialIntelligenceBasedonParticleSwarmOptimizationforOptimal Wind Turbine Power Control Using Doubly Fed Induction Generator” introduces an approach to optimize wind turbine power control based on artificial intelli- gence. When it comes to environment, Chapters “A Comparative Study Between NARXandLSTMModelsinPredictingOzoneConcentrations:CaseofAgadirCity (Morocco)”and“SpatiotemporalPredictionofPM ConcentrationsBasedonIoT 2.5 Sensors” introduce two IoT and machine learning-based approaches to predict the concentrationofozonecomponents(andpollutants)inbothMoroccoandTaiwan, respectively.ThispartalsointroducestheroleofartificialintelligenceandInternet of Things in smart precision agriculture as the authors in Chapter “Comparative StudyBetweenDifferentRecommendationSystemsinSmartAgriculture”provide a comparative analysis on recommendation systems and their role as a means to optimizeagriculturalyields. ThirdpartfocusesonIndustry4.0andTransportationindevelopingcountriesand provides an overview on different approaches to address their challenges. Chapter “Configuration Security for Sustainable Digital Twins of Industrial Automation andControlSystemsinEmergingCountries”goesthroughtheconfigurationsecurity techniquesusedforsustainableDigitalTwinsinemergingcountries,andsuggesta newapproach,basedonacombinationofartificialbeecoloniesandsupportvector machines, that will be able to optimize attack predictions. Chapter “An Empir- ical Investigation on Lean Method Usage: Issues and Challenges in Afghanistan” addressesthechallengesfacingtheapplicationofLeanmethodinAfghansoftware development companies, while Chapter “Optimization of the Effects Oscillation Welding:SinusoidalandTriangularBeamDuringLaserBeamWeldingof5052-H32 AluminumAlloy”providesaregression-basedmodeltopredictthetensilestrength ofaluminumalloys.Whenitcomestotransportation,theauthorsinChapter“The InternetofThingsSolutionsforTransportation”provideanoverviewofAI-andIoT- based solutions for transportation as well as their challenges while going through usecasesoflargecompaniesthathaveadoptedthesesolutions.Chapter“ANovel Preface vii GAN-BasedSystemforTimeSeriesGeneration:ApplicationtoAutonomousVehi- cles Scenarios Generation” proposes a novel GAN-based system for time series generation able to generate various autonomous driving scenarios, toward a fully automatic framework of self-driving testing. Road accidents are also in the spot- lightinthissection,asinChapter“FuzzySetTheory-BasedApproachforMining SpatialAssociationRules:RoadAccidentasaCaseStudy,”wheretheauthorsintro- duceanewapproachonanalyzingroadaccidentsinaspecificareaanddetermining their main causes. This approach combines the best of artificial intelligence-based recommendationsystemswithfuzzysettheoryappliedonspatialassociationrules forabetterperformance.Chapter“AMobileApplicationforReal-TimeDetection of Road Traffic Violations” also proposes a machine learning-based solution for roadaccidentsinMauritius.Thissolutionisabletodetectinfringements,warnthe wrongdoers,andreportthemtotheauthorities. COVID-19hasbroughttheattentionontheimportanceofhealthcareasacrucial sector,especially inemerging countries wherethepandemic had agreater impact. PartFourwillfocusondifferentattemptsofresearchersfromthesecountriestotake thebestofAIandIoTtofacehealthcare-relatedchallenges.TheauthorsinChapter “IoTBasedHealthMonitoringSystemandItsChallengesandOpportunities”spot the light on some of these challenges, especially when it comes to monitoring infectedorelderlypatients.TheyproposedanIoT-basedhealthmonitoringsystem that connects through GSM networks as a means to overcome connectivity prob- lemsinemergingcountries.Chapter“WirelessBodySensorNetworks:Applications, Challenges,PatientMonitoring,DecisionMaking,andMachineLearninginMedical Applications”presentstheworksofanIraqiteamthatalsoprovidesasolutiontothe healthmonitoringissuebyintroducingwirelessbodysensornetworks(WBSN).In thischapter,theypresentthistechnique,itsarchitecture,challenges,healthcareappli- cation,andtheirrequirements.SincetheamountofdatatransferredthroughWBSNs can be important, the same team introduces in Chapter “A Novel Lossless EEG Compression Model Using Fractal Combined with Fixed-Length Encoding Tech- nique” a means to optimize connectivity in these networks by compressing EEG signals,andthusreducingthesizeofdatasent.Alongwiththeconnectivityofthe healthcare-orientedsystemscomestheirsecurity,achallengeaddressedinChapter “SecuringtheHyperconnectedHealthcareEcosystem”wheretheauthorsproposea holisticcybersecurityplatformthattacklesprivacyandsecurityrisksinanautomated fashion to foster the development of innovative applications within the healthcare ecosystem.Optimizingtheyieldsofhealthcare-orientedIoTdevicesalsoimpliesa betterenergyconsumption.ThisurgedtheauthorsofChapter“DesignofanEfficient RectennaforRFEnergyHarvestingforIoTMedicalImplants”todesignanefficient rectennaforradiofrequencyharvestingforIoTmedicalimplants.Researchersfrom emerging countries have put quite some efforts to increase the role of AI in the healthcaresector,andtheremainingchaptersofthispartwillspotthelightonthem. InChapter“Multi-classClassificationfortheIdentificationofCOVID-19inX-Ray ImagesUsingCustomizedEfficientNeuralNetwork,”theauthorsusedAItodetect COVID-19 positive cases based on X-Ray images, while the authors of “Chap- tersAReview:RecentAutomaticAlgorithmsfortheSegmentationofBrainTumor viii Preface MRI” and “Oncology with Artificial Intelligence: Classification of Cancer Using DeepLearningTechniques”suggestnewdeeplearning-basedapproachestodetect cancer cells. Chapter “IoT Based Machine Learning and Deep Learning Platform forCOVID-19PreventionandControl:ASystematicReview”proposesasystem- aticreviewofseveraleffortstoapplydeeplearningtoenhancethepreventionand controloftheCOVID-19disease. Theincreasingconnectivityandthenecessitytostayonlinemadetheexploitation ofbigdataingeneralandsocialmediainparticularaconcerntoemergingcountriesas well.PartFivewillgothrougheffortsofresearchersfromthesecountriestotakethe bestofbigdataandsocialmedia.InChapter“DigitalTransformationandCostumers Services in Emerging Countries: Loan Prediction Modeling in Modern Banking Transactions,”theauthorspresentabakingsystemthatpredictsloanrepaymentor default based on customer’s digital data. Chapter “A k-Mean Classification Study ofEightCommunityDetectionAlgorithms:ApplicationtoSyntheticSocialNetwork Datasets”proposesanewapproachforcommunitydetectioninsocialmedia,while Chapter“TopicModelingforShortTexts:ANovelModelingMethod”offersanAI- basedtechniquetobetterranktopicsinshorttexts.“ChaptersPredictionandAnalysis of Moroccan Elections Using Sentiment Analysis” and “Analysis of COVID-19 Trends in Bangladesh: A Machine Learning Analysis” provide new approaches to analyzethesentimentsofsocialmediausersregardinghottopicsintheircountries, suchasthegeneralelectionsinMoroccoortheCOVID-19diseaseinBangladesh. Mohammedia,Morocco ZakariaBoulouard Meknes,Morocco MariyaOuaissa Meknes,Morocco MariyamOuaissa Fes,Morocco SarahElHimer Contents AIoTandChallengesforSustainableDevelopment Achieving Sustainable Development Goals Through Digital InfrastructureforIntelligentConnectivity ........................... 3 T.P.Fowdur, M.Indoonundon, M.A.Hosany, D.Milovanovic, andZ.Bojkovic ImplementationofIntelligentIoT ................................... 27 AkarshK.Nair,ChinjuJohn,andJayakrushnaSahoo CyberSecurityChallengesforSmartCities .......................... 51 ArunimaSharmaandRameshBabuBattula EfficientMachineLearningTechniqueforEarlyDetectionofIoT Botnets ........................................................... 85 SelssabilMedghaghetandSomiaSahraoui AI-BasedSmartRobotforRestaurantServingApplications ........... 107 MuhammadAwaisQasim, FaisalAbrar, SaroshAhmad, andMuhammadUsman AIandIoTforSmartEnvironmentandEnergy A Novel Deep Learning Architecture Based IoT Time-Series forEnergyConsumptionForecastinginSmartHouseholds ............ 127 SalouaElMotakiandBadrHirchoua PerformancesofCPVOpticsinMorocco ............................ 145 SarahElHimer,MariyaOuaissa,andMariyamOuaissa Artificial Intelligence Based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Optimal Wind Turbine Power Control Using Doubly Fed InductionGenerator ............................................... 165 ElmostafaChetouani, YoussefErrami, AbdellatifObbadi, andSmailSahnoun ix
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