Aging and Technological Advances PDF
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AGING AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES NATO CONFERENCE SERIES I Ecology II Systems Science III Human Factors IV Marine Sciences V Air-Sea Interactions VI Materials Science III HUMAN FACTORS Recent volumes in this series Volume 15 Human Detection and Diagnosis of System Failures Edited by Jens Rasmussen and William B. Rouse Volume 16 Anthropometry and Biomechanics: Theory and Application Edited by Ronald Easterby, K. H. E. Kroemer, and Don B. Chaffin Volume 17 Manned Systems Design: Methods, Equipment, and Applications Edited by J. Moraal and K.-F. Kraiss Volume 18 Women and the World of Work Edited by Anne Hoiberg Volume 19 Behavioral Treatment of Disease Edited by Richard S. Surwit, Redford B. Williams, Jr., Andrew Steptoe, and Robert Biersner Volume 20 Tutorials on Motion Perception Edited by Alexander H. Wertheim, Willem A.Wagenaar, and Herschel W. Leibowitz Volume 21 Human Assessment and Cultural Factors Edited by S. H. Irvine and John W. Berry Volume 22 The Acquisition of SymbOlic Skills Edited by Don Rogers and John A. Sloboda Volume 23 Role Transitions: Explorations and Explanations Edited by Vernon L. Allen and Evert van de Vliert Volume 24 Aging and Technological Advances Edited by Pauline K. Robinson, Judy Livingston, and James E. Birren AGING AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES Edited by Pauline K. Robinson Judy Livingston and James E. Birren Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center University of Southern California Los Angeles, California Associate Editors Victor A. Regnier Arnold M. Small Harvey L. Sterns Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division PLENUM PRESS· NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Symposium on Aging and Technological Advances (1983: University of Southern California) Aging and technological advances. (NATO conference series. III, Human factors; v. 24) "Proceedings of a Symposium on Aging and Technological Advances, sponsored by the NATO Special Program Panel on Human Factors, held August 22-26,1983, at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"-Verso of t.p. "Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Aged-Employment-Congresses. 2. Technological innovations-Social aspects -Congresses. 3. Aged-5ervices for-Technological innovations-Congresses. 4. Gerontology-Congresses. I. Robinson, Pauline K. II. Livingston, Judy. III. Birren, James E. IV. Nato Special Program Panel on Human Factors. V. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. VI. Title. VII. Series. HD6279.S96 1983 331.3'98 84·17819 ISBN·13: 978·1·4612·9464·1 e·ISBN·13: 978-14613·2401·0 001: 10.1007/978·14613·2401·0 Proceedings of a Symposium on Aging and Technological Advances, sponsored by the NATO Special Program Panel on Human Factors, held August 22-26, 1983, at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California ©1984 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE The chapters and reports in this publication have been selected from presentations at a Symposium on "Aging and Technological Advances" held in August, 1983 at the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center of the University of Southern California. The Symposium was made possible by a grant from the NATO Special Programme Panel on Human Factors, and the support of this program is gratefully acknowledged. Members of the Symposium Advisory Board were James E. Birren, Judy Livingston, Erhard Olbrich, Victor Regnier, Pauline Robinson, Thomas Singleton, Arnold Small, Harvey Sterns, and Alvar Svanborg. Professor Lambros Houssiadas also provided invaluable encouragement. Appreciation is also extended to the Andrew Norman Institute for Advanced Study in Gerontology and Geriatrics for support of planning activities leading up to the Symposium and for support of events surrounding the Symposium itself. A generous gift from The UPS Foundation to the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center made possible the compilation, editing and preparation of this manuscript and helped to support Symposium ac tiv i ties. We thank David Bergstone and Mary Margaret Ragan who together carefully and skillfully organized and carried out the typing of the manuscript. Pauline K. Robinson Judy Livingston James E. Birren v CONTENTS Aging and Technological Advances: Introduction 1 Pauline K. Robinson and James E. Birren Aging in a Technological Society: Desiderata and Dilemmas in Decision-Making 5 Ida Hoos The Next 25 Years: Impact Expectations from Technology on Aging 21 Earl C. Joseph Attitudes and Perceptions of Older People toward Technology 31 Cyril F. Brickfield SECTION I: LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION Aging and Labor Force Participation 39 Robert L. Clark Demographic Trends Affecting the Age Structure of the Labor Force: 1950-2000 55 Howard N. Fullerton, Jr. Older Workers: Force of the Future? 75 Cynthia Taeuber Changes in Labor Force Participation of Persons 55 and over since World War II: Their Nature and Causes 89 Richard A. Easterlin, Eileen M. Crimmins, and Lee Ohanian Technological Change and the Labor Market Situation of Older Workers 99 Paul J. Andrisani and Steven H. Sandell vii viii CONTENTS Impact of Technological Change on Middle-Aged and Older Workers: Parallels Drawn from a Structural Perspective 113 Jon Hendricks Recent Trends in Retirement Policy and Practice in Europe and the USA: An Overview of Programmes Directed to the Exclusion of Older Workers and a Suggestion for an Alternative Strategy 125 Bernard Casey The Australian Labour Market for Older Workers 139 Andre J. Kaspura and Lynne S. Williams The Social Consequences of Rapid Technological Change 151 Margaret E. Kuhn Study Group Report: Aging and Technological Advances- Labor Force Participation 155 Sally Coberly and Malcolm Morrison SECTION II: HEALTH AND STRESS Ecology, Aging and Health in a Medical Perspective 159 Alvar Svanborg The Compression of Morbidity 169 James F. Fries Aging, Health, Stress and Technology in the Work Context: Concepts and Issues 189 Ilene C. Siegler and Linda K. George Technological Change and the Aging of Working Capacity 195 Roy J. Shephard Sources of Occupational Stress among Older Workers 209 Cary L. Cooper Antecedents of Emotional Health Status among the ,Elderly 221 Lawrence G. Branch, Linda J. Evans, and Pamela J. Perun The Affective Consequences of Technological Change for Older Persons 237 Johannes J.F. Schroots CONTENTS ix Research reports: Impact of Work and Technology on Health Status of the Older Worker 249 Ruth B. Weg Psychological Functioning in Old Age and the Introduction of New Technology 251 Jan-Erik Ruth Interpersonal Relationships and Psychological Well-Being in Middle-Aged Persons 253 Joachim Wittkowski Study Group Report: Aging and Technological Advances-- Heal th and Stress 255 Eileen M. Crimmins SECTION III: HUMAN FACTORS Technology and the Aging Adult: Career Development and Training 261 Harvey L. Sterns and Margaret B. Patchett Technological Advances from a Human Factors Point of View 279 H. McIlvaine Parsons Human Factors and Technology: The User Sets the Pace 295 Robert A. Vecchiotti and Arnold M. Small People in Future Factories and Offices: With an Introduction to Some Special Opportunities and Problems for an Aging Workforce 301 Gordon H. Robinson, Gerald Nadler, and· James G. Peterson A Capability-Demand Approach to the Aged in Technological Environments: A Case for Improved Task Analysis 313 Martin V. Faletti and M. Cherie Clark Impact of Microprocessors on the Quality of Life: Comparative Needs of Older vs. Younger Generations 325 John Lyman Technological Interventions for Changes in Hearing and Vision Incurred through Aging 333 John F. Corso x CONTENTS Research Reports: The Older Adult as Computer User ~7 Alan A. Hartley, Joellen T. Hartley, and Shirley A. Johnson Technology and the Older Person: Age, Sex and Experience as Moderators of Attitudes towards Computers 349 Iseli K. Krauss and William J. Hoyer Research on Human Factors: German Soldiers and Functional Age Limits ~l Friedrich W. Steege Appraising the Performance of Older Workers 353 Chandra M.N. Mehrotra Human Factors in Aging: Issues for Adult Education 357 James E. Thornton Computer Based Memory Training and Memory Prosthesis in Older Adults 359 Karl Syndulko, Valerie Crooks, Robert Wang, and Wallace W. Tourtelotte Study Group Report: Aging and Technological Advances- Human Factors 363 David B.D. Smith and Arnold M. Small SECTION IV: HOME AND COMMUNITY The Older Person in the Residential Environment 369 M. Powell Lawton Aging and Technological Advances in Telecommunications 385 Elias S. Cohen Technology in the Service of the Aging Veteran ~9 Paul A.L. Haber Evaluation of a Personal Emergency Response System 411 Margaret Gatz, John Eiler, Cynthia Pearson, Michael Gilewski, Max Fuentes, Mary Zemansky, Charles Emery, and Linda Dougherty Computer and Telecommunications Applications to Enhance the Quality of Life of Our Elderly Citizens 425 Marvin Kornbluh CONTENTS xi Technology and Aging: Identification and Evaluation of Products to Enhance an Independent Lifestyle 437 Cheri K. Krauser, George T. Baker, III, Robert G. Lynch, and Frank J. Carmone, Jr. Research Reports: Community Alarm Systems for Older People - Age Concern Scotland 447 Jan Killeen Changes in the Home and Community Environment: Changing Residential Requirements and Safety in Residental Settings 449 Arthur Stern Home Safety Checkups for Seniors 451 Sam Zagoria Study Group Report: Aging and Technological Advances: Home and Community 453 Victor A. Regnier and Elias Cohen Index 459
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