Agglutination, Complement, Neutralization, and Inhibition PDF
Preview Agglutination, Complement, Neutralization, and Inhibition
Advisory Board: ELMER L. B E C K ER UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT HEALTH CENTER FRANK J. DIXON SCRIPPS CLINIC AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION HERMAN EISEN MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PIERRE GRABAR THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE, PARIS JOHN H. HUMPHREY ROYAL POST-GRADUATE MEDICAL SCHOOL HAMMERSMITH HOSPITAL, LONDON ELVIN A. KABAT COLUMBIA-PRESBYTERIAN MEDICAL CENTER HENRY G. K U N K EL THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY MACLYN MCCARTY THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY JACQUES OUDIN THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE, PARIS DAVID PRESSMAN ROSWELL PARK MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Methods in IMMUNOLOGY and IMMUNOCHEMISTRY Edited by CURTIS A. W I L L I A MS THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PURCHASE, NEW YORK MERRILL W. CHASE THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY NEW YORK, NEW YORK Volume IV Agglutination, Complement, Neutralization, and Inhibition 1977 ACADEMIC PRESS New York Son Francisco London A SUBSIDIARY OF HARCOURT BRACE JOVANOVICH, PUBLISHERS COPYRIGHT © 1977, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Ill Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NWl library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Williams, Curtis Alvin, Date Methods in immunology and immunochemistry. Includes bibliographies. CONTENTS.-v. 1. Preparation of antigens and antibodies.-v. 2. Physical and chemical methods, -v. 3. Reactions of antibodies with soluble antigens.-v. 4. Agglutination, complement, neutralization, and inhibition. 1. Immunology. 2. Immunochemistry-Technique. I. Chase, Merrill W., joint author. II. Title. QR181.W68 615'.37 67-22779 ISBN 0-12-754404-6 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contributors to Volume IV Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors^ contributions begin. E. R. ARQUILLA (41), Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California RICHARD C. BLINKOFF (91)/^ The Rockefeller University, New York, New York Ç. E. BOND (226),*'' National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland WILLIAM C. BOYD (19),f Boston University School of Medicine, Bos ton, Massachusetts J. BOZICEVICH (121),t Biomedics Research Laboratories, Inc., Divi sion of Litton Industries, Kensington, Maryland MERRILL W. CHASE (54, 61, 127, 136, 166, 180, 194,198, 200, 226, 238, 241, 242, 250, 253, 254, 256, 258, 261, 266, 267, 269, 271, 275, 282, 285, 293, 296, 303, 407), The Rockefeller University, New York, New York B. CINADER (313), Institute of Immunology, Departments of Medical Genetics, Medical Biophysics, and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada HARVEY R. COLTEN (226), Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts R. R. A. COOMBS (49, 54, 56), Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England MARY B. GIBBS (1, 2, 4, 73), Department of Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 0. GÖTZE (219), Department of Molecular Immunology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California * Present address: 830 Broadway, New York, New York. **Present address: Electro-Nucleonics Laboratories, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland. t Present address: 1241 Prospect Street, La Jolla, California. t Present address: 6810 Hillmead Road, Bethesda, Maryland. xi Xll CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME IV JOSEPH HAIMOVICH (386), Department of Chemical Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel PETER M. HENSON (271), Department of Experimental Pathology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California LOUIS G. HOFFMANN (127, 137,167, 173, 225, 227, 228, 232), Depart ment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa ROLLIN D. HOTCHKISS (88), The Rockefeller University, New York, New York M. A. JESAITIS (375), The Rockefeller University, New York, New York MAURICE LANDY (26),* National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland IRWIN H. LEPOW (180, 183, 186, 201, 242), Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut PHILIP LEVINE (9, 12), Immunohematology Division, Ortho Research Foundation, Raritan, New Jersey STEPHEN D. LITWIN (115),t Department of the Army Headquarters, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, Kentucky MANFRED M. MAYER (127, 137, 167, 173, 225, 227, 228, 229, 232, 235, 238, 241, 256, 261, 267), Department of Microbiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland P. L. MOLLISON (49, 54), Wright-Fleming Institute of Microbiology, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, England HANS J. MÜLLER-EBERHARD (127, 176, 180, 190, 205, 209, 212, 217, 219, 220, 223, 250, 260, 263, 265, 269), Department of Molecular Immunology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California ERWIN NETER (76, 89) ,ß Departments of Pediatrics and Microbio logy, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York * Present Address: Schweizerisches Forschungs Institut, 7270 Davos, Switzerland, t Present address: Division of Human Genetics, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York. $ Present address: Department of Bacteriology, Children's Hospital, Buffalo, New York. CONTRIBUTORS ÔĎ VOLUME IV XÜl JACK PENSKY (242),» Department of Medicine, Case Western Re serve University, Cleveland, Ohio M. RAYNAUD (277, 283, 288, 289, 292, 294, 301, 302, 310) ,t Institut Pasteur, Annexe de Garches, Garches, France E. H. RELYVELD (277, 283, 288, 289, 292, 294, 301, 302, 310), Institut Pasteur, Annexe de Garches, Garches, France MICHAEL SELA (386), Department of Chemical Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel SIDNEY SHULMAN (94), Sperm Antibody Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Departments of Urology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, New York, New York GEORG F. SPRINGER (14, 67), Department of Microbiology, North western University, Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois ABRAM B. STAVITSKY (30, 47), Department of Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio MARGARET TREACY (9,12), Immunohematology Division, Ortho Re search Foundation, Raritan, New Jersey CURTIS A. WILLIAMS (127,136, 166, 180, 194, 198, 200, 226, 238, 241, 242, 250, 253, 254, 256, 258, 261, 266, 267, 269, 271),t The Rockefeller University, New York, New York N. D. ZINDER (375), The Rockefeller University, New York, New York •Present address: Cleveland Veterans' Hospital, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. t Deceased. t Present address: The State University of New York, Purchase, New York. Preface In planning an open-ended treatise on methodology in immunochemistry and immunology, we considered the needs not only of the specialist but of those whose primary concern in other areas of biology may suggest application of immunological tools. A rigid format was adopted for the first five volumes, a choice which has caused unexpected problems in publication. Volumes published to date have been very well received. Volume I is concerned with typical preparative methods employed in handling antigens, antibodies, and laboratory animals. Volume II presents general chemical and physiochemical methods used in immunological re search. Volume III deals with antigen-antibody and hapten-antibody reactions in vitro, in free solution, and in gels. Volume IV covers direct and indirect agglutination reactions, complement-fixation procedures, hemolytic intermediates, isolation of complement components, comple ment-related proteins, antisera to complement components, and neutral ization reactions (toxins, enzymes, bacteria, bacteriophages). Volume V deals with antigen-antibody reactions in vivo : anaphylaxis, Arthus reactions, tolerance, immune suppression with chemical agents, radiation effects, phagocytosis and clearance, antibody synthesis in vitro, immuno- histological methods, and applied electron microscopy. Our aim has been to open our colleagues' notebooks to bring together detailed procedures that are hard to retrieve from the original literature and to provide indexes which can be used with confidence. Contributors were asked to include not only the details of procedures they had found most satisfactory in their own laboratory, but also critical remarks on common pitfalls and interpretation of results, references to alternative methods, and mention of applications to other problems. While not all topics are easily suited to this format, we feel that insofar as our general objectives are achieved, these volumes represent high potential energy. Some important general topics as well as many specific methods are to be covered in future volumes including hypersensitivity, immunity to infection, transplantation, and immunogenetics. We again express our appreciation to the advisory editors. CURTIS A. WILLIAMS MERRILL W. CHASE XV Contents of Other Volumes VOLUME I 1. ANTIGENS Proteins H. F. Deutsch Bacterial Antigens M. J. How, H. Koffler, R. M. Krause, Ę. C. Milner, S. I. Morse, E. Ribi, A. M. Staub, L. W. Wannamaker Blood Group Antigens J. KoScielak, W. T. J. Morgan Viruses M. A. Jesaitis, E. H. Lennette, R. MacLeod, N. J. Schmidt, N. D. Zinder Conjugated and Synthetic Antigens S. M. Reiser, F. Borek, F. Edel, Ç. Í. Eisen, Â. F. Erlanger, S. Fuchs, S. Lieber- man, V. Likhite, J. R. Little, R. Marks, A. Nisonoff, C. W. Parker, 0. J. Plescia, A. Sehon, M. Sela, S. W. Tanenbaum Preparation and Testing of Lipids for Immunological Study L. Graf, M. M. Rapport 2. PRODUCTION OF ANTISERUM A. A. Benedict, M. W. Chase, E. A. Kabat 3. PURIFICATION OF ANTIBODY Preparation of Immunoglobulin J. R. Cann, H. F. Deutsch, J. L. Fahey, H. H. Fudenberg Preparation of Specific Antibody D. H. Campbell, H. N. Eisen, W. Gray, E. A. Kabat, N. R. Klinman, S. Kochwa, J. R. Little, R. E. Rosenfield, E. S. Simms, S. J. Singer, B. T. Tozer, N. Weliky XViii CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES 4. LABELING OF ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES H. N. Claman, J. S. Garvey, K. C. Hsu, D. Pressman, J. Radovich, 0. A. Roholt, D. W. Talmage, C. A. Williams 5. METHODS USED IN STUDIES OF THE STRUCTURE OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS G. M. Edelman, J. J. Marchalonis VOLUME II 0. ELECTROPHORESIS J. R. Cann, B. J. Davis, J. Kohn, H. J. Müller-Eberhard, L. Ornstein, C. K. Osterland, J. Porath, M. D. Poulik, S. Raymond, J. Uriel, C. A. Wilhams 7. ULTRACENTRIFUGATION (Preparative and Analytical) K. M. Cowan, R. Trautman 8. DIALYSIS AND ULTRAFILTRATION L. C. Craig 9. PREPARATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY S. Hjerten, T. P. King 10. OPTICAL ANALYSIS H. Donahue, C. A. Leone, J. R. Little 11. RADIOISOTOPE ANALYSIS J. S. Garvey, R. E. Ritts, Jr. 12. CHEMICAL ANALYSES M. W. Chase, L. Gidez, L. Levine, B. Mach, W. T. Murakami, C. A. Wilhams APPENDIX I. SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS AND SMALL MOLECULES OF IMMUNOLOGICAL INTEREST H. Donahue, J. R. Little APPENDIX II. BUFFERS M. W. Chase APPENDIX III. POWER BLOCK ELECTROPHORESIS C. K. Osterland CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES XIX VOLUME III 13. PRECIPITATION REACTIONS John J. Cebra, Richard S. Farr, Charles A. Leone, 1. W. Li, Paul H. Maurer, Abraham G. Osier, Curtis A. Williams 14. PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS BY DIFFUSION IN GELS Frederick Aladjem, A. C. Allison, Elmer L. Becker, Merrill W. Chase, Minchin Clarke, Alfred J. Crowle, D. A. Darcy, G. C. Easty, I. Finger, Joseph F. Heremans, Stellan Hjerten, G. M. Hochwald, J. John, J. Kohn, Felix Milgrom, J. Munoz, Jacques Oudin, Alfred Poison, M. D. Poulik, John R. Freer, Jr., B. Russell, Harry Smith, G. J. Thorbecke, Jose Uriel, Curtis A. Williams 15. HAPTEN REACTIONS AND KINETICS OF INTERACTION WITH ANTIBODIES John J. Cebra, Richard A. Dammkoehler, Walter B. Dandliker, Herman W. Eisen, A. Froese, Tom L. Gallagher, Fred Karush, Sally S. Karush, James E. McGuigan, A. H. Sehon APPENDIX I. IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIPLE ANTIBODY COMPONENTS BY RADIOIMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS AND RADIOIMMUNODIFFUSION Yasuo Yagi VOLUME V 19. ANAPHYLAXIS K. F. Austen, M. Bach, W. E. Brockelhurst, Ě. W. Chase, M. J. Conrad, E. J. Coulson, G. A. Feigen, Ĺ. Haber, L. L. Layton, R. P. Orange, A. G. Osier, Z. Ovary, P. A. Shore, R. P. Siraganian, S. H. Snyder, S. Spector, J. Spragg, D. J. Stechschulte, R C. Talamo, K. M. Taylor, M. D. Valentine, M. Walzer, Â. υ. Wintroub 20. THE ARTHUS AND RELATED REACTIONS C. G. Cochrane 21. ANALYSIS OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS IN CORNEA F. G. Germuth, Jr. 22. IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE W. 0. Weigle
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