Agents of neoliberal globalization corporate networks, state structures, and trade policy PDF
Preview Agents of neoliberal globalization corporate networks, state structures, and trade policy
AgentsofNeoliberalGlobalization Depictions of globalization commonly recite a story of a market unleashed, bringing Big Macs and iPhones to all corners of the world. Humansocietyappearsasapassiveobservertoabusyrevolutionofan invisible global market, paradoxically unfolding by its own energy. Sometimes, this market is thought to be unleashed by politicians workingonthesurfaceofanautonomousstate.Thisbookrejectsboth perspectivesandprovidesananalyticallyrichalternativetoconventional approachestoglobalization. By the 1980s, an enduring corporate coalition advanced in nearly synonymous terms free trade, tax cuts, and deregulation. Highly networked corporate leaders and state officials worked in concert to producethetradepolicyframeworkforneoliberalglobalization. Marshalling original network data and a historical narrative, this book shows that the globalizing corporate titans of the late 1960s aligned with economic conservatives to set into motion this vision of aglobalfreemarket. MichaelC.DreilingisasociologyprofessorattheUniversityofOregon specializinginpoliticalandenvironmentalsociology.Heistheauthorof two books and numerous research articles, and is presently working on acomparativestudyofenergyindustrynetworks.AwardedDistinguished University Teaching in 2009, the Martin Luther King Jr. Distinguished Service Award in 2010, and numerous leadership awards in 2015, Professor Dreiling is also active in the nonprofit world to promote nonviolence, environmental care, and an economy that is fair for all. A Bold Peace – a feature documentary film coproduced with Matthew Eddy–depictsthatvisionofabetterworld. DerekY.DarvesholdsaPhDinsociologyfromtheUniversityofOregon, where he focused on organizational theory, quantitative methods, the sociology of religion, and power structure research. Currently he is the SeniorDataScientistforapensionfundinNewYorkCity.Anordained Episcopalpriest,hehascontributedtoseveralempiricalreportsontrends within the Episcopal Church and also serves part-time at a variety of churchesintheEpiscopaldiocesesofNewarkandNewYork. Agents of Neoliberal Globalization Corporate Networks, State Structures, and Trade Policy MICHAEL C. DREILING UniversityofOregon DEREK Y. DARVES IndependentScholar 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107133969 ©MichaelC.DreilingandDerekY.Darves2016 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2016 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabySheridanBooks,Inc. AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Dreiling,MichaelC.,author.|Darves,DerekY.,author. Agentsofneoliberalglobalization:corporatenetworks,statestructures, andtradepolicy/MichaelC.Dreiling,UniversityofOregon,DerekY.Darves, IndependentScholar. NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2016.|Includes bibliographicalreferences. LCCN2016026288|ISBN9781107133969 LCSH:Corporations,American–Politicalaspects|Corporations–Politicalactivity– UnitedStates.|Neoliberalism–UnitedStates.|UnitedStates–Commerce.|United States–Foreigneconomicrelations.|UnitedStates–Economicpolicy. LCCHD2785.D742016|DDC337.73–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016026288 isbn978-1-107-13396-9Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Toourchildren: Nalani,Nile,andHanaDreiling & RosalieDarves Contents ListofFigures pagex ListofTables xii Acknowledgments xv CommonAbbreviations xvii 1 Introduction 1 Neoliberalism,TradeExpansion,andClassAgency 10 ImaginingaGlobalizedWorld 14 WhereCorporateNetworksMeettheState:AnAnecdote andaBeginning 17 WhoRules?ARelationalInquiry 23 DataandAnalysis,inBrief 28 OutlineofChapters 32 2 CorporatePoliticalUnityandClassAgency 36 Section2.1: SourcesofIntercorporateUnity 36 WhenCorporationsAreNotaClass:TheAtomistic Perspective 37 EmergenceofaStructuralPerspectiveonCorporate Control:BoardInterlocks 40 TheNetworkApproachtoClassCohesion 49 ShiftingConditionsofClassCohesion:LookingforUnity intheWrongPlaces 55 Section2.2: AnExpandedConceptualizationofClass Agency 59 TwoBroadConditionsforClassandClassAgency 60 ContingentClassandStateRelations 69 SummaryModel 74 vii viii Contents 3 ACriticalSociologyofUSTradePolicy 78 CorporationsandAmericanTradePolicy 79 TradePoliticsaftertheRTAA 84 WhytheDeclineinProtectionisminthe1970s?Theoretical LimitsofTradePolicyResearch 88 TradeInterestsandCorporatePoliticalActivism:Company orClass? 96 ModelsofCorporatePoliticalActioninTradePolicy Research 99 DiscussionandHypotheses 103 Class-CohesionSourcesofCorporatePoliticalActivism 110 4 ForgingaNeoliberalTradePolicyNetwork,1967–1994 114 HistoricalConjuncture,InstitutionalChange,andClass Agency 115 GlobalInstitutionsandAmericanTradePolicy:TheCusp ofaNewEconomicEra 119 MobilizingtoLiberateTradeandFinance:TheEmergency CommitteeforAmericanTrade 124 InternationalistsTakeStride:SettingtheTradeAgendaand LiberatingtheDollar 134 TransformingtheState:Lobbyingforthe1974TradeAct 137 RiseoftheRoundtable:ModeratesontheRopes 141 ConsolidatingaNeoliberalTradePolicyNetwork, 1983–1994 146 ANeoliberalTradePolicyNetwork:DefendingtheNorth AmericanFreeTradeAgreement 148 TheStateCaptainIntercorporateNetwork 151 ChinaPNTRandBeyond 159 Discussion:TheCorporateNeoliberalPolicyNetwork 160 5 InsidetheState:CorporateParticipationinTradePolicy 163 FortuneandForbes500(FF500)Company-Level Analyses 165 StatisticalMethods:Firm-LevelModels 171 ParticipationinTradeAdvisoryCommittees 173 ParticipationinTemporaryPoliticalAlliances 179 ParticipationinCongressionalTestimony 181 ContrastingCorporatePoliticalNetworks 185 AnotherGlanceattheBusinessRoundtable 189 Discussion 194 6 FusingClassAgencytoaStateTradePolicyApparatus 196 MeasuringCorporateUnity:Dyads 198 StatisticalMethods:DyadicModels 204
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