ebook img

African Development Report 2005 PDF

291 Pages·2006·1.11 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview African Development Report 2005

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2005 AFRICA IN THE WORLD ECONOMY PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STATISTICS ON AFRICA PUBLISHED FOR THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK BY OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © 2005 by African Development Bank The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieved system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer The African Development Report 2005 is produced by the staff of the African Development Bank, and the views expressed therein do not necessarily reflect those of the Boards of Directors or the countries they represent. Designations employed in this Report do not imply the expression of any opinion, on the part of the African Development Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or the delineation of its frontiers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Data available ISBN 0–19–928084–3 978–0-19-928084-1 Typeset by Hope Services, Abingdon, Oxon Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Ashford Colour Press Limited, Gosport, Hampshire F O R E W O R D The African Development Report, prepared percent. Only three countries witnessed annually by the staff of the Development negative growth rates, compared with six in Research Department of the Bank, provides the preceding year. an in-depth review of recent macro- Several factors, both external and economic performance and structural internal, contributed to this strong overall issues in Africa, viewed from continental, economic performance. Externally, Africa’s regional and national perspectives. It also terms of trade improved considerably — by assesses the prospects of the African 6.7 percent — largely due the rise in oil economy in the context of recent global prices and the further strengthening of the developments. In addition, it provides an prices of major non-fuel commodities, in-depth analysis of a topical issue that is particularly metals. In addition, the rebound critical to Africa’s development — with this in the global economy along with strong year’s focus being on Public Sector demand from Asia for the region’s primary Management in Africa. export commodities also boosted the With respect to Africa’s economic Continent’s exports. As a result, Africa’s performance in 2004, the Report notes that current account improved significantly in it improved markedly. The region’s GDP 2004, recording a surplus of over $5 billion. growth rate reached an average of 5.1 Improved export performance and debt percent from 4.4 percent in 2003, resulting relief measures have contributed to a in a per capita GDP growth of 2.8 percent. continuing decline in the debt service ratio This is the highest GDP growth rate for the Continent, which reached 11.8 recorded for the continent since 1996, and percent in 2004, the lowest in some two considerably above the average of 3.7 decades. Similarly, Africa’s total debt in percent for the previous five years. It is also relation to its GDP continued its trend noteworthy that this is the first time in over decline, reaching 43 percent from a high of two decades that the continent has 76 percent in 1994. recorded growth rates exceeding 4 percent On the domestic front, most African per annum for two consecutive years. As countries made good progress towards was the case in the past, growth in 2004 sound macroeconomic policies and exhibited a considerable variation across management. And although much remains individual countries, although the trend, to be done, many countries continued to overall, was quite positive. Some 20 pursue their programs of reforms, including countries achieved GDP growth rates privatization of state-owned enterprises, exceeding 5 percent and 14 others public sector reforms, and the strengthen- recorded growth rates of between 3 and 5 ing of regulatory frameworks. Significant iv Foreword strides in creating a better environment for particular, financial sector and governance private sector participation and for reforms are critical to create a more attracting foreign direct investment favorable climate for the growth of the were thus made, with many adopting private sector. Third, in an era of globaliza- policies to promote small and medium tion, it is imperative that African countries enterprises. strengthen their regional cooperation and This combination of policies has integration arrangements, particularly in resulted in strikingly improved key macro- the context of the NEPAD initiative. And economic indicators. For the first time, fourth, African countries would need to Africa’s average fiscal position produced a give high priority to combat the HIV/AIDS balanced outcome in 2004, thanks to the pandemic. fiscal surpluses achieved by many countries In all such efforts, African countries will and prudent policies in most. Monetary continue to need the support of the growth was also quite restrained. These international community. Such support is two factors contributed to an average particularly critical with respect to official inflation rate of 7.7 percent, the lowest in development assistance (ODA), debt over two decades. reduction, and enhanced market access for While welcoming the improved eco- Africa’s exports. With respect to ODA, there nomic performance of the African economy, have been sizeable increases in ODA to it should nonetheless be noted that the Africa in recent years, although much of it overall GDP growth rate is still below the was accounted for by debt relief. Despite 6–8 percent required to achieve the these developments — and as the recent Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). report of the UN Millennium Project makes Indeed, on current trends only the countries clear — ODA still falls short of what is of North Africa, South Africa and Mauritius required for Africa to be on course towards are likely to attain the goal of halving by attaining the MDGs. It is, however, essential 2015 the number of people living below the that the donor community takes further poverty line, although a number of others action to increase ODA in line with the may meet some of the education and health pledges it had made earlier at Monterrey MDGs. Clearly, African countries would and other fora. need to build on the achievements of the Progress has also been made in terms recent past and accelerate their economic of reducing Africa’s external debt burden and social progress. This would require a — in part due to the HIPC initiative — number of policy measures. but more needs to be done. In this regard, First, it is essential that peaceful and the recent decision by the G8 member stable conditions are maintained or countries to cancel the debts owed restored. Second, countries would need to by post-completion HIPC countries to sustain the prudent macroeconomic the international financial institutions policies that they have begun to implement is commendable. And with respect as well as deepen their reform programs. In to external trade, the WTO July 2004 Foreword v Framework holds the promise of elim- institutionalizing democratic institutions inating the tariff and non-tariff barriers for much remains to be done. In particular, Africa’s exports as well as reducing the African governments would need to trade-distorting agricultural subsidies of redouble their efforts to fight corruption. industrial countries. In assessing public sector management Meeting the development challenges of reforms in Africa, the Report finds that Africa requires the state to be an effective good progress has been made in a number regulator, facilitator and provider — the of countries. Nonetheless, the process of topic that the African Development Report rationalizing the role of the state and deals with extensively this year. The Report adapting it to the requirements of a modern addresses these and other public sector competitive economy remains a major management reform issues in Africa and challenge in many. A number of factors provides a number of recommendations. have contributed to this state of affairs. Past The Report notes that a development- approaches to public sector management oriented state needs a strong administrative reforms have often relied heavily on capacity, with an efficient, open, and strategies that failed to take account of the accountable public service. This is critical historical legacies and peculiarities of for designing and implementing sound individual countries. Reform efforts have policies, managing the public sector, also often over-emphasized one facet of regulating the private sector and providing reform over others. key services — particularly in public Given the limited success of such health, education and some infrastructure approaches, the Report recommends the services — where the private sector may be adoption of a broader and long-term reluctant to invest. To perform these approach that takes into account the essential development functions more specificities of each country. Of critical effectively, African governments would importance in this regard is the need to need to build a public service capable of mobilize political support among all understanding the challenges of develop- stakeholders. In addition, success in public ment, evaluating development policy sector management reform requires a proposals, and effectively implementing clarity of vision, the development of well- them. trained and professional administrators, Clearly, these tasks are best performed and effective collaboration with all relevant under conditions of good political and stakeholders. A critical challenge in this economic governance. By contrast, lack of regard is developing an effective incentive accountability and transparency, and system to attract and retain skilled corruption often serve to undermine administrative officials. Clearly, when the competitiveness, economic growth and incentive structures in the public service development. Despite the significant remain unattractive, its efficiency as well as progress that most African countries have ability to effect policies will remain very made in the past decade in developing and low. vi Foreword As in past years, this year’s African continent and elsewhere will find the Development Report provides rich reference information and analysis useful. material on the African economy and on public sector management reforms in Africa. I am confident that policy makers, researchers, and representatives of the civil Omar Kabbaj society and the private sector on the President African Development Bank Regional Economic Profiles vii A C K N O W L E DG EM E N T S The African Development Report 2005 has Preparation of the Report was aided by been prepared by a staff team in the the background papers listed in the Development Research Department under bibliographical note. Comments from the direction of Henock Kifle. within and outside the Bank are noted with The research team was led by appreciation. From the Bank, Claudius Mohamed Nureldin Hussain and comprised Bamidele Olowu; and from outside, Janine Mohammed Salisu, Barfour Osei, Bernhard Aron of the Centre for the Study of African Gunter, Audrey Verdier-Chouchane and Economies, University of Oxford; Goran Christina Okojie (consultant) from the Hyden of the University of Florida; Ladipo Research Division. Adamolekun, an Independent Scholar; The Economic and Social Statistics on Charlotte Vaillant, an Independent Africa were prepared by the Statistics Consultant; Joseph Ayee of the University Division led by Charles L. Lufumpa and of Ghana all made comments and comprised André Portella, Beejaye Kokil, suggestions to improve the Report. Maurice Mubila and Koua Louis Kouakou. Dominic Byatt and Claire Croft at Oxford Rhoda R. Bangurah provided produc- University Press oversaw the editiorial and tion services and Richard Synge editorial publication process. services. viii African Development Report 2005 ABBREVIATIONS AAF-SAP African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programs AAPAM African Association for Public Administration and Management APPER Africa’s Priority Programme for Economic Recovery ADB African Development Bank ADF African Development Fund ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific ADR African Development Report AFRACA African Rural and Agricultural Credit Association AFROSAI African Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions AGOA African Growth and Opportunity Act AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ANC African National Congress APC Adaptable Program Credit APL Adaptable Program Loan APRM African Peer Review Mechanism AsDB Asian Development Bank ATLE Africa’s Ten Largest Economies AU African Union BAC Botswana Accountancy College BCC Banque Centrale du Congo BCEAO Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest BEAC Banque des Etats d’Afrique Centrale BEST Business Environment Strengthening in Tanzania BNA Banco Nacional de Angola BoB Bank of Botswana BoM Bank of Mauritius BOO Build-Own-Operate BOT Build-Operate-Transfer BOU Bank of Uganda CAR Central African Republic CDF Comprehensive Development Framework CFA Communaute Financiere Africaine CFAA Country Financial Accountability Assessment CGP Country Governance Profile CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIP Competitive Industrial Performance CITI Corruption Index of Transparency International Abbreviations ix COMESA Common Market of East and Southern Africa CPAR Country Procurement Assessment Report CPMS Computerized Personnel Management System CSO Civil Society Organization DAC Development Assistance Committee DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DFID Department for International Development DMO Debt Management Office DPSA Department of Public Service Administration DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EAC East African Community EBRD European Bank for Cooperation and Development EC European Commission ECA UN Economic Commission for Africa ECZ Electoral Commission in Zambia EIB European Investment Bank EPZ Export Processing Zone ERP Economic Recovery Program ESAAG East and Southern Association of Accountants General EU European Union FAO UN Food and Agriculture Organization FDI Foreign Direct Investment FMOC Financial Markets Operations Committee GCA Global Coalition for Africa GDP Gross Domestic Product GENA Global Education Network for Africa GTZ Technische Zusammenarbeit HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IADB Inter-American Development Bank ICPC Independent Corrupt Practices Commission ICT Information and Communications Technology IDA International Development Association IDB Islamic Development Bank IDF Institutional Development Facility IFAD International Bank for Agricultural Development IMF International Monetary Fund IRIS Integrated Risk Information System ITD International Tax Dialogue KACA Kenya Anti-Corruption Authority KUBI Kenyan Urban Bribery Index

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.