Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications Systems: IEEE 802. 16 Standard-Based Technology for the Next Generation of Air Transportation Infrastructure

477 Pages·2018·30.093 MB·English

by  Kamali, Behnam

AeroMACS
IEEEPress
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IEEEPressEditorialBoard
EkramHossain,EditorinChief
GiancarloFortino AndreasMolisch LindaShafer
DavidAlanGrier SaeidNahavandi MohammadShahidehpour
DonaldHeirman RayPerez SarahSpurgeon
XiaoouLi JeffreyReed AhmetMuratTekalp
AeroMACS
An IEEE 802.16 Standard-Based
Technology for the Next Generation
of Air Transportation Systems
Behnam Kamali
SamNunnEminentScholarofTelecommunicationsand
ProfessorofElectricalandComputerEngineering
MercerUniversity
Macon,GA
Publishedby
StandardsInformationNetwork
Thiseditionfirstpublished2019
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Setin10/12ptWarnockPro-RegularbyThomsonDigital,Noida,India
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Thisbookisdedicatedtothememoryofmyfather,
AbdulHossainKamali(1915–1973),
whowastakenawayfrommeunexpectedly,
buthisquestforknowledge,hisenthusiasmfortechnology,
andhisinsistenceontheindependentsearchfortruth
haveremainedwithmeandinspiredme.

vii
Table of Contents
Preface xvii
Acronyms xxv
1 AirportCommunicationsfromAnalogAMtoAeroMACS 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 ConventionalAeronauticalCommunicationDomains
(FlightDomains) 2
1.3 VHFSpectrumDepletion 4
1.4 TheACASTProject 5
1.5 EarlyDigitalCommunicationTechnologiesfor
Aeronautics 7
1.5.1 ACARS 7
1.5.2 VHFDataLink(VDL)Systems 8
1.5.2.1 AeronauticalTelecommunicationsNetwork(ATN) 8
1.5.2.2 VDLSystems 8
1.5.3 OverlayBroadbandAlternativesforDataTransmission 10
1.5.3.1 Direct-SequenceSpreadSpectrumOverlay 11
1.5.3.2 BroadbandVHF(B-VHF) 11
1.5.4 Controller–PilotDataLinkCommunications(CPDLC) 12
1.6 SelectionofaCommunicationsTechnologyfor
Aeronautics 14
1.7 TheNationalAirspaceSystem(NAS) 15
1.7.1 FlightControl 16
1.7.2 UnitedStatesCivilianAirports 17
1.8 TheNextGenerationAirTransportationSystems
(NextGen) 20
1.8.1 TheNextGenVision 22
1.8.2 NextGenKeyComponentsandFunctionalities 22
1.9 AuxiliaryWirelessCommunicationsSystemsAvailable
fortheAirportSurface 25
viii TableofContents
1.9.1 PublicSafetyMobileRadioforAirportIncidents 26
1.9.1.1 PublicSafetyCommunications(PSC)SystemsArchitecture
andTechnologies 26
1.9.1.2 PublicSafetyAllocatedRadioSpectrum 27
1.9.1.3 700MHzBandandtheFirstResponderNetworkAuthority
(FirstNet) 28
1.9.2 WirelessFidelity(WiFi)SystemsApplicationsforAirport
Surface 30
1.10 AirportWiredCommunicationsSystems 31
1.10.1 AirportFiber-OpticCableLoopSystem 34
1.10.2 ApplicationsofCLCSinAirportSurfaceCommunicationsand
Navigation 35
1.11 Summary 36
References 36
2 CellularNetworkingandMobileRadioChannel
Characterization 41
2.1 Introduction 41
2.2 TheCruxoftheCellularConcept 42
2.2.1 The“Precellular”WirelessMobileCommunications
Systems 43
2.2.2 TheCoreoftheCellularNotion 45
2.2.3 FrequencyReuseandRadioChannelMultiplicity 48
2.2.3.1 Co-ChannelReuseRatio(CCRR),ClusterSize,
andReuseFactor 49
2.2.3.2 SignaltoCo-ChannelInterferenceRatio(SIR) 50
2.2.3.3 ChannelAllocation 55
2.2.4 ErlangTrafficTheoryandCellularNetworkDesign 57
2.2.4.1 Trunking,Erlang,andTraffic 58
2.2.4.2 TheGradeofService 60
2.2.4.3 BlockedCallsHandlingStrategies 60
2.2.4.4 TrunkingEfficiency 62
2.2.4.5 CapacityEnhancementthroughCellSplitting 64
2.2.4.6 CapacityEnhancementviaSectorization 67
2.3 CellularRadioChannelCharacterization 69
2.3.1 CellularLinkImpairments 69
2.3.2 PathLossComputationandEstimation 71
2.3.2.1 Free-SpacePropagationandFriisFormula 73
2.3.2.2 TheKeyMechanismsAffectingRadioWave
Propagation 74
2.3.2.3 TheRayTracingTechnique 76
2.3.2.4 GroundReflectionandDouble-RayModel 76
2.3.2.5 EmpiricalTechniquesforPathLoss(Large-Scale
Attenuation)Estimation 81