Advances in Water Resources Management PDF
Preview Advances in Water Resources Management
Handbook of Environmental Engineering 16 Lawrence K. Wang Chih Ted Yang Editors Mu-Hao S. Wang Advances in Water Resources Management Handbook of Environmental Engineering Volume 16 SeriesEditors LawrenceK.Wang PhD,RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswick,NewJersey,USA MS,UniversityofRhodeIsland,Kingston,RhodeIsland,USA MSCE,MissouriUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Rolla,Missouri,USA BSCE,NationalChengKungUniversity,Tainan,Taiwan Mu-HaoS.Wang PhD,RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswick,NewJersey,USA MS,UniversityofRhodeIsland,Kingston,RhodeIsland,USA BSCE,NationalChengKungUniversity,Tainan,Taiwan More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7645 Lawrence K. Wang • Chih Ted Yang Mu-Hao S. Wang Editors Advances in Water Resources Management Editors LawrenceK.Wang ChihTedYang EngineeringConsultantandProfessor ColoradoStateUniversity LenoxInstituteofWaterTechnology FortCollins,CO,USA Newtonville,NY,USA Mu-HaoS.Wang EngineeringConsultantandProfessor LenoxInstituteofWaterTechnology Newtonville,NY,USA HandbookofEnvironmentalEngineering ISBN978-3-319-22923-2 ISBN978-3-319-22924-9 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-22924-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015955826 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface The past 36+ years have seen the emergence of a growing desire worldwide that positiveactionsbetakentorestoreandprotecttheenvironmentfromthedegrading effects of all forms of pollution—air, water, soil, thermal, radioactive, and noise. Sincepollutionisadirectorindirectconsequenceofwaste,theseeminglyidealistic demand for “zero discharge” can be construed as an unrealistic demand for zero waste.However,aslongaswastecontinuestoexist,wecanonlyattempttoabate the subsequent pollution by converting it to a less noxious form. Three major questions usually arise when a particular type of pollution has been identified: (1)Howseriousaretheenvironmentalpollutionandwaterresourcescrisis?(2)Is the technology to abate them available? and (3) Do the costs of abatement justify thedegreeofabatementachievedforenvironmentalprotectionandwaterresources conservation?ThisbookisoneofthevolumesoftheHandbookofEnvironmental Engineeringseries.Theprincipalintentionofthisseriesistohelpreadersformulate answerstotheabovethreequestions. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific envi- ronmentalandwaterresourcesproblemshasbeenamajorcontributingfactortothe success ofenvironmentalengineering,andhasaccountedinlargemeasureforthe establishmentofa“methodologyofpollutioncontrol.”However,therealizationof the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental problems renders it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement systems be undertaken. Prerequisite to such planning is an understanding of the performance, potential, and limitations of the various methods of environmental protection available for environmental scientists and engineers. In this series of handbooks, we will review at a tutorial level a broad spectrum of engineering systems (natural environment, processes, operations, and methods) currently being utilized, or of potential utility, for pollution abatement and environmental protection.Webelievethattheunifiedinterdisciplinaryapproachpresentedinthese handbooksisalogicalstepintheevolutionofenvironmentalengineering. Treatment of the various engineering systems presented will show how an engineering formulation of the subject flows naturally from the fundamental v vi Preface principlesandtheoriesofchemistry,microbiology,physics,andmathematics.This emphasisonfundamentalsciencerecognizesthatengineeringpracticehasinrecent years become more firmly based on scientific principles rather than on its earlier dependency on empirical accumulation of facts. It is not intended, though, to neglect empiricism where such data lead quickly to the most economic design; certain engineering systems are not readily amenable to fundamental scientific analysis, and in these instances we have resorted to less science in favor of more artandempiricism. Since an environmental water resources engineer must understand science withinthecontextofapplications,wefirstpresentthedevelopmentofthescientific basisofaparticularsubject,followedbyexpositionofthepertinentdesignconcepts and operations, and detailed explanations of their applications to environmental conservationorprotection.Throughouttheseries,methodsofmathematicalmodel- ing, system analysis, practical design,andcalculation are illustratedbynumerical examples.Theseexamplesclearlydemonstratehoworganized,analyticalreasoning leadstothemostdirectandclearsolutions.Whereverpossible,pertinentcostdata havebeenprovided. Our treatment of environmental water resources engineering is offered in the beliefthatthetrainedengineershouldmorefirmlyunderstandfundamentalprinci- ples, be more aware of the similarities and/or differences among many of the engineeringsystems,andexhibitgreaterflexibilityandoriginalityinthedefinition and innovative solution of environmental system problems. In short, the environ- mental and water resources engineers should by conviction and practice be more readilyadaptabletochangeandprogress. Coverage of the unusually broad field of environmental water resources engi- neering has demanded an expertise that could only be provided through multiple authorships. Each author (or group of authors) was permitted to employ, within reasonable limits, the customary personal style in organizing and presenting a particular subject area; consequently, it has been difficult to treat all subject materials in a homogeneous manner. Moreover, owing to limitations of space, some ofthe authors’favored topics couldnotbe treated ingreatdetail,andmany less important topics had to be merely mentioned or commented on briefly. Allauthorshaveprovidedanexcellentlistofreferencesattheendofeachchapter for the benefit of the interested readers. As each chapter is meant to be self- contained, some mild repetitions among the various texts have been unavoidable. Ineachcase,allomissionsorrepetitionsaretheresponsibilityoftheeditorsandnot the individual authors. With the current trend toward metrication, the question of using a consistent system of units has been a problem. Wherever possible, the authors have used the British system (fps) along with the metric equivalent (mks, cgs,orSIU)orviceversa.Theeditorssincerelyhopethatthisredundancyofunits’ usagewillprovetobeusefulratherthanbeingdisruptivetothereaders. ThegoalsoftheHandbookofEnvironmentalEngineeringseriesare:(1)tocover entire environmental fields, including air and noise pollution control, solid waste processingandresourcerecovery,physicochemicaltreatmentprocesses,biological treatment processes, biotechnology, biosolids management, flotation technology, Preface vii membrane technology, desalination technology, water resources, natural control processes, radioactive waste disposal, hazardous waste management, and thermal pollution control; and (2) to employ a multimedia approach to environmental conservationandprotectionsinceair,water,soil,andenergyareallinterrelated. This book (Volume 16) and its two sister books (Volumes 14–15) of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series have been designed to serve as a water resources engineering reference books as well as asupplementaltextbooks. Wehopeandexpecttheywillproveofequalhighvaluetoadvancedundergraduate andgraduatestudents,todesignersofwaterresourcessystems,andtoscientistsand researchers.Theeditorswelcomecommentsfromreadersinallofthesecategories. Itisourhopethatthethreewaterresourcesengineeringbookswillnotonlyprovide information on water resources engineering, but will also serve as a basis for advanced study or specialized investigation of the theory and analysis of various waterresourcessystems. This book, Advances in Water Resources Management, Volume 16, covers the topics on multi-reservoir system operation theory and practice, management of aquifer systems connected to streams using semi-analytical models, one-dimensional model of water quality and aquatic ecosystem-ecotoxicology in river systems, environmental andhealth impacts of hydraulic fracturingand shale gas, bioaugmentation for water resources protection, wastewater renovation by flotationforwaterpollutioncontrol,determinationofreceiving water’sreaeration coefficient in the presence of salinity for water quality management, sensitivity analysisforstreamwaterqualitymanagement,rivericeprocess,andmathematical modelingofwaterproperties. Thisbook’sfirstsisterbook,AdvancesinWaterResourcesEngineering,Volume 14, covers the topics on watershed sediment dynamics and modeling, integrated simulation of interactive surface water and groundwater systems, river channel stabilization with submergedvanes,non-equilibrium sediment transport,reservoir sedimentation, and fluvial processes, minimum energy dissipation rate theory and applications, hydraulic modeling development and application, geophysical methods for assessment of earthen dams, soil erosion on upland areas by rainfall andoverlandflow,geofluvialmodelingmethodologiesandapplications,andenvi- ronmentalwaterengineeringglossary. Thisbook’ssecondsisterbook,ModernWaterResourcesEngineering,Volume 15, covers the topics on principles and applications of hydrology, open channel hydraulics, river ecology, river restoration, sedimentation and sustainable use of reservoirs, sediment transport, river morphology, hydraulic engineering, GIS, remotesensing,decision-makingprocessunderuncertainty,uplanderosionmodel- ing, machine-learning method, climate change and its impact on water resources, land application, crop management, watershed protection, wetland for waste dis- posal and water conservation, living machines, bioremediation, wastewater treat- ment,aquaculturesystemmanagementandenvironmentalprotection,andglossary andconversionfactorsforwaterresourcesengineers. Theeditorsarepleasedtoacknowledgetheencouragementandsupportreceived from Mr. Patrick Marton, Executive Editor of the Springer Science + Business viii Preface Media,andhiscolleagues,duringtheconceptualstagesofthisendeavor.Wewish tothankthecontributingauthorsfortheirtimeandeffort,andforhavingpatiently borneourreviewsandnumerousqueriesandcomments.Weareverygratefultoour respectivefamiliesfortheir patience andunderstandingduringsomerathertrying times. Newtonville,NY,USA LawrenceK.Wang FortCollins,CO,USA ChihTedYang Newtonville,NY,USA Mu-HaoS.Wang Contents 1 Multi-ReservoirSystemOperationTheoryandPractice. . . . . . . . 1 HaoWang,XiaohuiLei,XuningGuo,YunzhongJiang, TongtiegangZhao,XuWang,andWeihongLiao 2 ManagementofAquiferSystemsConnectedtoStreams UsingSemi-AnalyticalModels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 DomenicoBa(cid:2)uandAzzahSalahEl-DinHassan 3 One-DimensionalModelofWaterQualityandAquatic Ecosystem/EcotoxicologyinRiverSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 PodjaneeInthasaroandWeimingWu 4 HydraulicFracturingandShaleGas:Environmental andHealthImpacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Hsue-PengLohandNancyLoh 5 BioaugmentationforWaterResourcesProtection. . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 ErickButlerandYung-TseHung 6 WastewaterRenovationbyFlotationforWater PollutionControl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 NazihK.Shammas 7 DeterminationofReaerationCoefficientofSalineReceiving WaterforWaterQualityManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Ching-GungWen,Jao-FuanKao,ChiiCherngLiaw, Mu-HaoS.Wang,andLawrenceK.Wang 8 SensitivityAnalysisforStreamWaterQualityManagement. . . . . 447 Ching-GungWen,Jao-FuanKao,Mu-HaoS.Wang, andLawrenceK.Wang 9 RiverIceProcesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 HungTaoShen ix
The list of books you might like
