Advances in Waste Processing Technology

221 Pages·2020·6.278 MB·English

by  Abu Zahrim Yaser

Abu Zahrim Yaser   Editor
Advances
in Waste
Processing
Technology
Advances in Waste Processing Technology
Abu Zahrim Yaser
Editor
Advances in Waste
Processing Technology
123
Editor
AbuZahrim Yaser
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
KotaKinabalu, Sabah,Malaysia
ISBN978-981-15-4820-8 ISBN978-981-15-4821-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4821-5
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2020
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained
hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard
tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
This book is dedicated to my beloved
children: A’ishah, Anas and Asma. Your love
and smile make me stronger.
Foreword
This book compiles the latest advances in technologies for liquid and solid waste
treatments. Due to increasing development as well as human population, waste
generation keeps increasing and waste characteristics have evolved to be more
complex,involvingmany moremanmadechemicals.Thusscientistsandengineers
face greater challenges to solve the escalating problems, while trying to accom-
modate solutions to global warming, circular economy, etc.
Atthisopportunity,IwouldliketocongratulateDr.AbuZahrimaseditorofthis
book,andthededicatedauthorsforthetimelypublishingtheimportantfindingson
waste processing. Dr. Abu Zahrim was working with me on palm oil mill sludge
processing and effluent treatment at the National University of Malaysia
(UKM) from August 2000, before joining Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) in
April 2005, where he continued his research explorations.
Several types of liquid and solid wastes, typically found in Malaysia and
Indonesiahavebeencovered;theyincludethosefromagroindustries,petrochemical
industry,anddomesticwastes. Theseindustriescover variousdomesticandexport
products,includingthoseforautomotive,electricalandelectronics,pharmaceuticals
and construction. Drastic economic development, coupled with rising commer-
cialization and urbanisation in this region has resulted in large and increasing
amounts of food wastes and other domestic wastes: an estimated 15,000 tons of
food wastes are discarded daily in Malaysia, and this is an opportunity to produce
usefulresourcesfromthelargetonnage.Researchwouldenablehigheraddedvalue
products to be produced from them, such as high value proteins.
Towards high value products or materials from wastes, several advanced topics
have been discussed in this book, namely, genetic algorithm, nanofibre,
micromixing, and microwave technology. These would hopefully be used in other
areas in future. In complex systems, Genetic Algorithm (GA), has been shown to
have great potential for finding effective solutions. Due to their effectiveness in
vii
viii Foreword
smaller sizes, nanofibre and micromixing are being studied in various waste pro-
cessing applications. Apart from their effectiveness and lower costs, the above
technologieswillopenupnewopportunitieswhendealingwithcomplexandmore
abundantwastesinthefuture,toconvertthemtousefulrawmaterialsandproducts.
Bangi, Malaysia Prof. Emeritus Dr. Rakmi Abd. Rahman
Acknowledgements
The editor gratefully acknowledges the following individuals for their time and
effortsinassistingtheeditorwiththereviewingofmanuscript.Thisbookwouldnot
have been possible without the commitment of the reviewers.
(cid:129) Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
(cid:129) Ahmad Fatzilah Misman
(cid:129) Ali Chekima
(cid:129) Asmadi Ali
(cid:129) Duduku Krisnaiah
(cid:129) Faiezah Hashim
(cid:129) Fazilah Ariffin
(cid:129) Husnul Azan Tajarudin
(cid:129) Juraidah Ahmad
(cid:129) Khairul Fikri Tamrin
(cid:129) Mohamed Hasnain Isa
(cid:129) Mohd Rakib Mohd Rashid
(cid:129) Muhammad Roil Bilad
(cid:129) Norazwina Zainol
(cid:129) Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff
(cid:129) Nurzaida Zahari
(cid:129) Yasmin Che Ani
(cid:129) Zulsyazwan Ahmad Khushairi
Special thanks to the 26th Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering
(RSCE 2019) committee especially Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Azlan Hussain for sug-
gesting few papers from the conference to be included in this book.
ix
Contents
A Review of Enhanced Micromixing Techniques in Microfluidics
for the Application in Wastewater Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
F. Mahmud, K. F. Tamrin, and N. A. Sheikh
Conversion of Waste Transformer Oil into Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
N. Suhaila A. Japar, Mohd Aizudin Abd Aziz, and N. W. Abdu Rahman
Nanofiber-Immobilized b-Galactosidase for Dairy Waste Conversion
into Galacto-Oligosaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Mailin Misson, Suryani Saallah, and Hu Zhang
Treatment of Petroleum-Based Industrial Wastewater Using
Electrocoagulation Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Faten Ahada Mohd Azli, Abdul Aziz Mohd Azoddein,
Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman, Agus Sahar Abdul Hamid, Tahfiz Tajuddin,
and Said Nurdin
Activated Carbon from Meranti Wood Sawdust Waste Prepared
by Microwave Heating for Dye Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Mohd Azmier Ahmad, Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop,
and Soon Huat Tan
A Study on the Adsorption of 2,4,6, Trichlorophenol
by Palm Kernel Cake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Duduku Krishnaiah, Awang Bono, Collin G. Joseph,
S. M. Anisuzzaman, and Lester Venantius
Development of Low-Cost Aerobic Bioreactor for Decentralized
Greywater Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Asa Paramesti, Bimo Adiartha Damarjati,
Adhika Widyaparaga, Deendarlianto, Aswati Mindaryani,
Lisendra Marbelia, and Wiratni Budhijanto
xi
xii Contents
Management of Biodegradable Plastic Waste: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Sariah Saalah, Suryani Saallah, Mariani Rajin, and Abu Zahrim Yaser
Challenges and Current State-of-Art of the Volvariella volvacea
Cultivation Using Agriculture Waste: A Brief Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
N. A. Umor, S. Abdullah, A. Mohamad, S. Ismail, S. I. Ismail,
and A. Misran
Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons from Petrochemical Waste
Using Food Waste Amendments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Fazilah Ariffin, Cheah Jin Min, Gan Sik Ze, Sabariah Yussof,
and Noraznawati Ismail
Model Optimization Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
for Biological Food Waste Degradation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
NorazwinaZainol,AbdulSahliFakharudin,andNorIlyyaSyahiraZulaidi
Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste: The Effect of Candida rugosa
Lipase Amount on the Digestive Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
MarianiRajin,AbuZahrimYaser,SariahSaalah,YogananthiniJagadeson,
Siti Nazihah Ibrahim, and Muhammad Syah Azhar Mislahani
Recycled Materials and Warm Mix Asphalt Technology: A Green
Approach in Pavement Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Lillian Gungat, Nurul Ariqah Ispal, Ng Chee Hiong,
and Meor Othman Hamzah