Halimah Badioze Zaman Peter Robinson Patrick Olivier Timothy K. Shih Sergio Velastin (Eds.) Advances in Visual Informatics Third International Visual Informatics Conference, IVIC 2013 Selangor, Malaysia, November 2013 Proceedings 123 LNCS 8237 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8237 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Germany Madhu Sudan Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany Halimah Badioze Zaman Peter Robinson Patrick Olivier Timothy K. Shih Sergio Velastin (Eds.) Advances in Visual Informatics Third International Visual Informatics Conference, IVIC 2013 Selangor, Malaysia, November 13-15, 2013 Proceedings 13 Volume Editors Halimah Badioze Zaman Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia E-mail: Preface Visual informatics, currently a multidisciplinary field, is already well accepted among researchers and industry in computer science, information technology and engineering. The basic areas of research such as computer vision, image process- ing and pattern recognition, computer graphics and simulation, virtual reality, visualization and social computing have been applied in various domains such as education, medical and health, finance, agriculture, and security. Centers of Ex- cellence (CoE) in the field of visual informatics are being established in various institutions of higher learning (IHLs) around the world (Europe, USA, and UK). The Institute of Visual Informatics (IVI), established at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) or The National University of Malaysia, is the outcome of the first Visual Informatics Conference (IVIC) held in 2009. The institute, which conducts research in the basic areas mentioned earlier, runs both masters and doctoral (PhD) degree research programs. The end of 2013 saw the birth of our first batch of masters and PhD graduate students. We are indeed indebted to the international fraternity from the last two IVIC conferences (2009 and 2011), who have given so much support that has resulted in the establishment of the institute. It is our hope that the institute will one day become an international center of excellence in the field of visual informatics through partnerships and networking established at this conference. The Visual Informatics Research Group and the Institute of Visual Informat- ics (IVI) at UKM decided to host the Third International Visual Informatics Conference (IVIC 2013) to bring together experts in this important and exciting research area so that more concerted efforts can be undertaken globally. Like the first and second IVIC conferences, this conference was conducted collab- oratively by the visual informatics fraternity from several public and private universities and industry from various parts of the world. This third conference was co-sponsored by the Malaysian Information Technology Society (MITS), Multimedia Development Corporation (MDeC), Malaysian Research Education Network (MyREN), Malaysian Institute of Microelectronic Systems (MIMOS), and ICT Cluster of the National Professor’s Council of Malaysia (MPN). The conference was co-chaired by five professors from the UK, Chile, Taiwan, and Malaysia. st The theme of the conference, “Visual Informatics: Sustaining 21 Century Creativity and Innovation” reflects the importance of creativity and innovation in the twenty-first century. It also portrayed the shared belief of the organiz- ers (both locally and globally) on the importance of forming a creative and innovative product through cutting-edge and frontier research. It is particularly appropriate in this slow economic trend around the world that creativity and innovation has never been more important in order to accelerate global economic growth. Thus, the theme of the conference was relevant, apt, and timely. Since VI Preface IVIC is intended to be a long-standing conference, we decided that from this conference onward, the title of the proceedings would be Advances in Visual Informatics. The conference focused on four tracks: Computer Vision and Engineering, Computer Graphics and Simulation, Virtual and Augmented Reality, and Visu- alization and Social Computing related to the basic areas of visual informatics. It commenced for two days (November 13 and 14, 2013) and ended with a one-day workshop (November 15, 2013). There were four keynote speakers and 69 paper presentations based on topics covered by the four main tracks. The reviewing of the papers was conducted by experts who represented more than 150 Program Committee members from Asia, Europe, Oceania, and USA. Each paper was re- viewed by three reviewers and the rejection rate was 50%. The reviewing process was managed using an electronic conference management system created by the Computer&Information Technology Center of UKM. On behalf of the Organizing and Program Committee of IVIC 2013, we thank all authors for their submissions and camera-ready copies of papers, and all participants for their thought-provoking ideas and active participation in the conference. We also thank the vice-chancellor of UKM (host university), and vice-chancellors and deans of all IT faculties of the IHLs for their support in organizing this conference. We also acknowledge the sponsors, members of the Organizing Committees, ProgramCommittee members, support committees and individuals who gave their continuous help and support in making the conference a success. We fervently believe that IVIC will grow from strength to strength and we also hope that one day, it will be held in different host countries in Asia, Europe, Oceania, the UK, or USA. Finally, we hope that IVIC will continue to provide a stimulating and enriching platform for research and innovations that will contribute to peace and better human well-being. We would like to make a special mention of appreciation in memory of a dear friend, Professor Maria Petrou of Imperial College, London, UK, who was a strong supporter of the last two IVIC conferences. She was a member of the Advisory Board of the Institute of Visual Informatics and co-chair of the last two IVIC conferences. Her death is a great loss to the field of visual informatics, specifically in visual pattern recognition and image processing. November 2013 Halimah Badioze Zaman Peter Robinson Patrick Olivier Timothy K. Shih Sergio Velastin Organization The Third International Visual Informatics Conference (IVIC 2013) was orga- nized by the Visual Informatics Research Group and Institute of Visual Infor- matics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), in collaboration with 15 local public and private universities in Malaysia, Malaysian Information Technology Society (MITS), Multimedia Development Corporation (MDeC), Malaysian In- stitute of Microelectronic Systems (MIMOS), Malaysian Research Educational Network (MYREN) and ICT Cluster of the National Professors’ Council (MPN). Local Executive Committee General Chair Halimah Badioze Zaman (UKM) Deputy Chair Zainab Abu Bakar (UiTM) Secretary Azizah Jaafar (UKM) Assistant Secretary Nazlena Mohamad Ali (UKM) Treasurer Azlina Ahmad (UKM) Assistant Treasurer I Azreen Azman (UPM) Assistant Treasurer II Syaimak Abdul Shukor (UKM) Program Committee Program Co-chairs Halimah Badioze Zaman Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Peter Robinson University of Cambridge, UK Patrick Olivier University of Newcastle Upon-Tyne, UK VIII Organization Timothy Shih National Central University, Taiwan Sergio Velastin Universidad de Santiago de Chile/Kingston University, UK Program Committee and Additional Reviewers Europe and USA Alan F. Smeaton Erich Neuhold Emanuele Trucco Jose Borbinha Qingde Li Khurshid Ahmad Tony Pridmore Marta Fair´en Jianguo Zhang Jing Hua Nick Holliman Neil A. Gordon Asia and Oceania Abdul Razak Hamdan Dayang Rohaya Awang Rambli Abdul Wahab Abdul Rahman Edmund Ng Giap Weng Abid Yahya Edwin Mit Abu Osman Md Tap Effirul Ikhwan Ramlan Adzhar Kamaludin Elankovan A. Sundararajan Ahmad Shukri Muhammad Noor Evi Mansor Aida Mustapha Faaizah Shahbodin Ali Alshock Faieza Abdul Aziz Alvin W. Yeo Fatimah Khalid Andi Putra Fauzi Saman Ariffin Abdul Mutalib Haliyana Khalid Asadullah Shah Hamid Abdulla Jallb Al-Tulea Ashok Sivaji Hamidah Ibrahim Awang Ibrahim Harold Thwaites Azizah Jaafar Hasiah Mohamad @Omar Azizi Ab Aziz Haslina Arshad Azlina Ahmad Hazmi Zaki Azlinah Mohamed Hazmilah Hasan Aznan Zuhid Saidin Hector Chimeremeze Okere Azreen Azman Husnayati Hussin Azrina Kamarudin Hyowon Lee Azrul Jantan Idyawati Hussein Bahari Belaton Izwan Ismail Chan Chee Seng Jamaluddin Ibrahim Chen Chwen Jen Jasni Ahmad Daud Mohamad Jasni Mohamad Zain Dayang Nurfatimah Awang Iskandar Juliana Abu Bakar Organization IX Kimberly Chu Nor Aniza Abdullah Kiran Kaur Ap Gurmit Singh Noraidah X Organization Sobihatun Nur Abdul Salam Wan Adilah Wan Adnan Sofianiza Abd Malik Wan Fatimah Wan Ahmad Suhaily Hafizha Suparafto Wan Zuha Wan Hasan Suman K. Mitra Wee Mee Chin Sushil Kulkarni Wenyu Liu Suzaimah Ramli Wong Hock Tze Suziah Sulaiman Wong Kok Sheik Syahrul Junaini Wong Yin Syaimak Abdul Shukor Wou Onn Choo Syed Abdul Rahman Al-Haddad Syed Zainab Abu Bakar Mohamed Zainab Awang Ngah Syed Nasir Alsagoff Syed Zakaria Zanariah Abdul Majid Tengku Siti Meriam Tengku Wook Zanariah Jano Theng Yin Leng Zulikha Ali Othman Theng Yin Leng Zulikha Jamaludin Local Arrangements Committee Technical Committee Chair Members Halimah Badioze Zaman (UKM) Muriati Mukhtar (UKM) Zainab Abu Bakar (UiTM) Wan Fatimah Wan Ahmad (UTP) Azizah Jaafar (UKM) Suziah Sulaiman (UTP) Nazlena Mohamad Ali (UKM) Dayang Rohaya Awang Rambli (UTP) Azlina Ahmad (UKM) Riaza Rias (UiTM) Riza Sulaiman (UKM) M. Iqbal Saripan (UPM) Norasiken Bakar (UTEM) Roslina Ibrahim (UTM) Murni Mahmud (UIA) Choo Wou Onn (Taylor) Fatimah Ahmad (UPNM) Elankovan Sundarajan (UKM) Syed Nasir Alsagoff Syed Zakaria Mohd Hanif Md Saad (UKM) (UPNM) Tengku Siti Meriam Tengku Wook Azreen Azman (UPM) (UKM) Ang Mei Choo (UKM) Shahnorbanun Sahran (UKM) Zainal Arif Abdul Rahman (UM) Nursuriati Jamil (UiTM) Syaimak Abdul Shukor (UKM) Shahnorbanun Sahran (UKM) Shahrul Azman Mohd Noah (UKM) Haslina Arshad (UKM) Noraidah Sahari @ Ashaari (UKM) Norshuhada Shiratuddin (UUM)