Advances in Speech Coding

375 Pages·1991·32.235 MB·English

by  Bishnu S. Atal, Vladimir Cuperman, Allen Gersho (auth.), Bishnu S. Atal, Vladimir Cuperman, Allen Gersho (eds.)

ADVANCES IN SPEECH
CODING
THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES
IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION THEORY
Consulting Editor:
Robert Gallager
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An Introduction to Error Correcting Codes With Applications.
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ISBN: 0-7923-9017-2
Source Coding Theory. Robert M. Gray
ISBN: 0-7923-9048-2
Switching and Traffic Theory for Integrated Broadband Networks.
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ADVANCES IN SPEECH
CODING
Editors
Bishnu S. Atal
AT&T Bell Laboratories
Vladimir Cuperman
Simon Fraser University
Allen Gersho
University of California, Santa Barbara
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Advances in speech coding / editors, Bishnu S. Atal, Vladimir
Cuperman, Allen Gersho.
p. cm. — (The Kluwer international series in engineering and
computer science ; vol. # 114. Communications and information
theory)
Papers based on presentations at the IEEE Workshop on Speech
Coding for Telecommunications, held in Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada, from September 5 to 8, 1989.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-6437-5 ISBN 978-1-4615-3266-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-3266-8
1. Speech processing systems—Congresses. I. Atal, Bishnu S.
II. Cuperman, Vladimir. III. Gersho, Allen. IV. IEEE Workshop on
Speech Coding for Telecommunications (1989 : Vancouver, B.C.)
V. Series: Kluwer international series in engineering and computer
science ; SECS 114. VI. Series: Kluwer international series in
engineering and computer science. Communications and information
theory.
TK7882.S65A28 1991
621.382-dc20 90-47146
CIP
Copyright © 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1991
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording,
or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+
Business Media, LLC.
Printed on acid-free paper.
Contents
I Introduction 1
II Low-Delay Speech Coding 3
1. Backward Adaptive Prediction Algorithms in Multi-Tree
Speech Coders
J. D. Gibson, Y. C. Cheong, H. C. Woo, and W-W. Chang 5
2. Backward Adaptive Configurations for Low-Delay Vector
Excitation Coding
V. Cuperman, A. Gersh 0, R. Pettigrew, J.J. Shynk, and
J-H. Yao 13
3. A Robust Low-Delay CELP Speech Coder at 16 kb/s
J-H. Chen 25
4. An Efficient Variable-Bit-Rate Low-Delay CELP
(VBR-LD-CELP) Coder
Y. Be'ery, Z. Shpiro, T. Simchony, L. Shatz, and J. Piasetzky 37
5. A Trellis-Searched 16 kbit/sec Speech Coder with Low-Delay
M. W. Marcellin and T.R. Fischer 47
6. Hybrid Backward Adaptive Pitch Prediction for Low-Delay
Vector Excitation Coding
R. Pettigrew and V. Cuperman 57
III Speech Coding for Digital Cellular and Portable Communications 67
7. Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction (VSELP)
I.A. Gerson and M.A. Jasiuk 69
8. An Error Protected Transform Coder for Cellular Mobile
Radio
H. Suda, T. Moriya, and T. Miki 81
v
vi
9. A Multipulse Speech Codec for Digital Cellular Mobile Use
D. Millar, R. Rabipour, P. Yatrou, and P. Mermelstein 87
10. Transmitting Digital Speech in a Portable Radio Environment
V.K. Varma, D. W. Lin 97
11. A Study on Speech and Channel Coding for Digital Cellular
T.B. Minde and U. Wahlberg 109
IV Speech Coding Below 8 kb/s Using Code Excited Linear Prediction 119
12. The DOD 4.8 KBPS Standard (Proposed Federal Standard
1016)
J.P. Campbell, Jr., T.E. Tremain, and V. C. Welch 121
13. Analysis-by-Synthesis Linear Predictive Speech Coding at
4.8 kbit/s and Below
F.F. Tzeng 135
14. Binary Pulse Excitation: A Novel Approach to Low
Complexity CELP Coding
R.A. Salami 145
15. Speech Coding with Dynamic Bit Allocation (Multimode
Coding)
T. Taniguchi, Y. Tanaka, and R.M. Gray 157
16. 7 KBPS-7 MIPS - High Quality ACELP for Cellular Radio
C. Galand, J. Menez, M. Rosso, F. Bottau, and B. Pucci 167
17. A 6 KBPS Regular Pulse CELP Coder for Mobile Radio
Communications
M. Delprat, M. Lever, and C. Gruet 179
V Alternative Techniques for Low Rate Speech Coding 189
18. Beyond Multipulse and CELP Towards High Quality Speech at
4 kb/s
B.S. A tal and B.E. Caspers 191
19. Sine-Wave Amplitude Coding at Low Data Rates
R. McAulay, T. Parks, T. Quatieri, and M. Sabin 203
vii
20. The Multi-Band Excitation Speech Coder
M. Brandstein, I. Hardwick, and I. Lim 215
21. Phonetic Segmentation for Low Rate Speech Coding
S. Wang and A. Gersho 225
22. Vector Excitation Homomorphic Vocoder
I.H. Chung and R. W. Schafer 235
23. A 4OO-BPS Speech Coding Algorithm for Real-Time
Implementation
Y.J. Liu 245
VI Speech Coding for Noisy Channels and Real-Time Implementations 255
24. Source-Dependent Channel Coding and its Application to
CELP
W.B. Kleijn 257
25. Vector Trellis Quantization for Noisy Channels
M.R. Soleymani and A.K. Khandani 267
26. Application of Stochastic Coding Schemes in Satellite
Communication
A. Perkis and B. Ribbum 277
27. A Real Time Implementation of a 4800 bps Self Excited
Vocoder
S.I.A. McGrath, R. C. Rose, and T.P. Barnwell, III 287
28. A Real-Time Full Duplex 16/8 KBPS CVSELP Coder with
Integral Echo Canceller Implemented on a Single DSP56001
J-H. Chen, R.G. Danisewicz, R.B. Kline, D. Ng,
R.A. Valenzuela, and B.R. Villella 299
VII Topics in Speech Coding 309
29. Improved Excitation Sequence Quantization in Regular Pulse
Excitation Speech Coding
S. Kang and T.R. Fischer 311
30. On Improving the Performance of Pitch Predictors in Speech
Coding Systems
P. Kroon and B.S. Atal 321
viii
31. Efficient Encoding of the Long-Term Predictor in Vector
Excitation Coders
M. YongandA. Gersho 329
32. Constrained-Stochastic Excitation Coding of Speech at
4.8 kb/s
Y. Shoham 339
33. Speech Coding Using Least-Squares Estimation
T. V. Ramabadran and D. Sinha 349
34. Qualitative Analysis and Enhancement of Sine Transform
Coding
H. Chang and Y-Y. Wang 359
35. An ADM Speech Coding with Time Domain Harmonic Scaling
J. Yuan, C.S. Chen and H. Zhou 367
Index 375
ADVANCES IN SPEECH
CODING
PART I
INTRODUCTION
Speech coding has been an ongoing area of research for several decades, yet
the level of activity and interest in this area has expanded dramatically in the last
several years. Important advances in algorithmic techniques for speech coding
have recently emerged and excellent progress has been achieved in producing
high quality speech at bit rates as low as 4.8 kb/s. Although the complexity of
the newer more sophisticated algorithms greatly exceeds that of older methods
(such as ADPCM), today's powerful programmable signal processor chips allow
rapid technology transfer from research to product development and permit many
new cost-effective applications of speech coding. In particular, low bit rate voice
technology is converging with the needs of the rapidly evolving digital telecom
munication networks.
The IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding for Telecommunications was held
in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from September 5 to 8, 1989. The
objective of the workshop was to provide a forum for discussion of recent
developments and future directions in speech coding. The workshop attracted
over 130 researchers from several countries and its technical program included 51
papers.
The workshop was very successful and it was felt that a book representing a
cross-section of the topics presented at the workshop will be valuable. The
authors were subsequently invited to contribute a chapter based on their presenta
tions in a camera-ready form for publication in this book. This volume contains
35 papers corresponding to Workshop presentations. The papers were prepared
and submitted in final form early in 1990 and in many cases they contain more
complete and up-to-date material than was originally included in the verbal
presentations at the Workshop. Each paper forms a chapter in the book. The
chapters are further grouped together under six topics representing central themes
in each group.
The chapters in this volume reflect the progress and present the state of the
art in low bit rate speech coding primarily at bit rates from 16 kb/s to 2.4 kb/s.
Together they represent important contributions from leading researchers in the
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