Table Of Content

Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems Nanotechnology in Biomedicine Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems Edited by Anupam Das Talukdar Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India Satyajit Dey Sarker School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK Jayanta Kumar Patra Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, South Korea Series Editor Jayanta Kumar Patra Elsevier Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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Lima Production Project Manager: Prasanna Kalyanaraman Cover Designer: Mark Rogers Typeset by Aptara, New Delhi, India Contents Contributors xv Preface xix 1 Nanotechnology: Scopes and various aspects of drug delivery 1 Shamee Bhattacharjee, Deba P. Mandal, Arghya Adhikary 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Design of nanotechnology – rooted drug delivery systems 2 1.3 Liposomes 2 1.4 Polymeric nanocarriers 6 1.5 Dendrimer-based nanocarriers 7 1.6 Quantum dots (QDs) 8 1.7 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 9 1.8 Miscellaneous types of NPs (e.g., magnetic NPs, silica NPs, metallic NPs) 9 1.9 Magnetic nanoparticles 10 1.10 Silica nanoparticles 10 1.11 Metallic nanoparticles 10 1.12 Discussion 11 1.13 Conclusion 14 References 15 2 Methods for nanoparticle synthesis and drug delivery 21 Sudip Choudhury, Saurav Paul, Sunayana Goswami, Kuheli Deb 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Classification of techniques for synthesis of nanomaterials 21 2.3 Functionalization strategies 28 2.4 Mechanism of functionalization 29 2.5 Some fabrication techniques for nanodrug delivery system 31 2.6 Selection of nanomaterials in drug delivery 35 2.7 Conclusion 36 2.8 Declaimers 36 References 36 3 Characterization of nanoparticles 45 Satyajit Dey Sarker, Lutfun Nahar 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Characterization of nanoparticles 46 vi Contents 3.3 Conclusions 71 Acknowledgment 71 References 71 4 Stability of therapeutic nano-drugs during storage and transportation as well as after ingestion in the human body 83 Veerababu Nagati, Swathi Tenugu, Anil K. Pasupulati 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Factors contributing to the stability of nanoparticles 84 4.3 Influence of the type of nanoparticle and core material on the stability 87 4.4 Improving the stability of nanoparticles by appropriate preparation methods 90 4.5 Shelf-life of material 91 4.6 Contribution of stabilizers in the storage of functional nanoparticles 92 4.7 Ingestion of nanoparticles and their fate 92 4.8 Transportation of therapeutic nanoparticles 95 4.9 Influence of biological barriers on nanoparticle transportation 95 4.10 Receptor-mediated delivery 96 4.11 Summary 97 Acknowledgments 98 References 99 5 Advancements in nanophyto formulations 103 Ashitha Jose, Sreekanth K., Radhakrishnan E.K. 5.1 Introduction 103 5.2 Nanomedicine 103 5.3 Nanoherbal medicine 105 5.4 Advantages of nanomedicine 107 5.5 Nanotechnology in various medical disciplines 110 5.6 Herbal nanomedicines and their advantages 112 5.7 Conclusions 122 References 122 6 Clinical potential of nanotechnlogy as smart therapeutics: A step toward targeted drug delivery 133 Priyanka Saha, Subhankar Bose, Md Noushad Javed, Amit K. Srivastava 6.1 Inception of nanobiotechnology 133 6.2 Nanodrug delivery combating various clinical diseases 136 6.3 Nanodrug and COVID-19 outbreak: Recent highlights into the nanotechnology approach 145 6.4 Conclusion 146 6.5 Conflict of Interest 146 Contents vii Acknowledgment 146 References 146 7 Nanotechnology and oral health 155 Lutfun Nahar, Satyajit Dey Sarker 7.1 Introduction 155 7.2 Nanodentistry 156 7.3 Applications of nanotechnology in oral health 158 7.4 Conclusions 170 Acknowledgment 171 References 171 8 Bone tissue engineering using nanotechnology based drug delivery system 177 Ahmed Farhan Shallal, Muhammad Akram, Rasim Farraj Muslim, Mustafa Nadhim Owaid, Omar Qahtan Yaseen, Muhammad A. Chishti 8.1 Introduction 177 8.2 Types of Nanomaterials 177 8.3 Inorganic nanomaterials 178 8.4 Polymeric nanoparticles 178 8.5 Systems of nanodrugs delivery and its usages in orthopedics 179 8.6 Nanoparticles-based drug delivery to cure osteodegeneration by improving tissue regeneration 179 8.7 Prevent infections of bones 184 8.8 Effect of nanodrugs on immunity and bone implants 186 8.9 Cytotoxicity of using nanoparticles to bones 188 8.10 Conclusion 189 References 189 9 Nanotechnology based gene delivery strategies towards disease therapy; advances and applications 197 Anuradha Pandit, Yasmin Begum, Priyanka Saha, Snehasikta Swarnakar 9.1 Introduction 197 9.2 Methods of cancer treatment 198 9.3 Gene therapy 199 9.4 Nanogene delivery systems 200 9.5 Use of nanoparticle-based gene delivery in gynecological cancer 205 9.6 Nanoparticle-based gene delivery in renal diseases 213 9.7 Nanoparticle-based gene delivery in bone diseases 214 9.8 Nanoparticle-based gene delivery in the generation of transgenic plants 215 9.9 Conclusion and future prospects 220 Acknowledgment 221 References 221 viii Contents 10 Nanonutrition- and nanoparticle-based ultraviolet rays protection of skin 227 Najwa Ahmad Kuthi, Norazah Basar, Sheela Chandren 10.1 Introduction 227 10.2 Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) 228 10.3 Human skin – a natural particle barrier 229 10.4 Sunscreen formulation 230 10.5 Organic UV filters 231 10.6 Inorganic UV filters 231 10.7 Lipid- and surfactant-based nanoparticles for broadband UV protection 236 10.8 New avenues in UV protection 251 10.9 Biological and environmental impacts of sunscreen ingredients 265 10.10 Conclusions 267 10.11 Future outlooks 267 References 268 11 Drug and gene delivery by nanocarriers: Drug delivery process, in brief, using different oxides such as zinc, iron, calcium, polymeric, peptides, and in-vitro drug delivery process by silicon oxide (SiO ) x and titanium dioxide (TiO ) nanodots (NDs) 281 2 Shubhro Chakrabartty, AlaaDdin Al-Shidaifat, Ramadan Al-Shdefat, M.I. Alam, Hanjung Song 11.1 Introduction 281 11.2 Glancing angel deposition technique (GLAD) 286 11.2.1 Theory behind the process 286 11.2.2 Experiment 288 11.2.3 Charecterization techniques 289 11.2.3.1 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 290 11.2.3.1.1 Working principle 290 11.2.3.1.2 Imaging modes 291 11.2.3.2 Field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG SEM) 291 11.2.3.2.1 Working principle 292 11.2.3.3 Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 293 11.2.3.4 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 294 11.2.3.4.1 Working principle 294 11.2.3.5 X-ray diffraction 295 11.2.3.5.1 Working principle 295 11.2.3.6 Optical absorption 297 11.2.3.6.1 Working principle 298 11.2.3.6.2 Photoluminescence 299 11.2.3.6.3 Working principle 300 11.2.3.6.4 Platelet detection and size measurement 301 11.2.3.7 MTT % viability 302 11.2.3.8 Percentage (%) hemolysis 303 11.2.3.9 Preparation of peripheral blood smear 303 11.2.3.9.1 RBC Detection and size measurement 303 11.2.4 Result and discusion 304 11.2.4.1 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 304 11.2.4.2 Field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy 304 Contents ix 11.2.4.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 305 11.2.4.4 Optical absorption 307 11.2.4.5 Photoluminescence measurement 307 11.2.4.6 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 308 11.2.4.7 Hemolysis assay 309 11.2.4.8 MTT assay 309 11.2.5 Morphology of RBC with and without SiOx and TiO NPs 310 2 11.2.5.1 Effect of SiO NPs in different concentration on RBC 311 x 11.2.5.2 Effect of TiO NPs in different concentration on RBC 311 2 11.2.5.3 Effect of SiO NPs in different concentration on platelets 312 x 11.2.5.4 Effect of TiO NPs in different concentration on platelets 312 2 11.3 Conclusion 314 Reference 315 12 Uncovering the limitation of nanodrug delivery system: Backdrop to the game changer 321 Namrata Dwivedi, Priyanka Saha 12.1 Introduction 321 12.2 Mechanism of the conventional method of treatment and concept of nanodrugs 323 12.3 The mechanism of nanodrug delivery 333 12.4 Cancer and need for nanodrug (present status) 335 12.5 NPs role cancer therapy 336 12.6 Challenges in the uptake of the nanodrug 336 12.7 Conclusion 338 Acknowledgments 339 References 339 13 Preclinical, clinical, and patented nanodrug delivery systems 343 Sanjoy Singh Ningthoujam 13.1 Background 343 13.2 Stages of drug development 344 13.3 Nanomaterials for DDS 345 13.4 Patented nanodrug delivery systems 369 13.5 Approved nano-based drug delivery systems 384 13.6 Conclusion 385 References 393 14 Challenges and h azards a ssociated with n anotechnology in agriculture 399 Ahmed Farhan Shallal, Mustafa Nadhim Owaid 14.1 Introduction 399 14.2 Application of NPs in agriculture 401 14.3 Nanofertilizers 403 14.4 Nanopesticides 404 14.5 Using nano weed killer and insecticide in agriculture field 406 14.6 Future challenges 408 14.7 Conclusion 408 References 409