Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

868 Pages·1980·32.08 MB·English

by  K. D. Timmerhaus, P. G. Marston, A. M. Dawson, D. B. Montgomery, J. E. C. Williams (auth.), H. A. Snyder (eds.)

Advances in
Cryogenic Engineering
VOLUME 211
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A Cryogenic Engineering Conference Publication
Advances in
Cryogenic Engineering
VOLUME 25
Edlted by
K. D. Tlmmerhaus
Engineering Research Center
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado
and
H. A. Snyder
Department of Aerospace Engineering Seiences
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows:
Advances in cryogenic engineering. v. 1-
New York, Cryogenic Engineering Conference; distributed
by Plenum Press, 1960-
v. illus., diagrs. 26 cm.
Vols. 1- are reprints of the Proceedings of the Cryogenic Engineering
Conference, 1954-
Editor: 1960- K. O. Timmerhaus.
1. Low temperature engineering-Congresses. 1. Timmerhaus, K. 0.,
ed. 11. Cryogenic Engineering Conference.
TP490.A3 660.29368 57-35598
Proceedings of the 1979 Cryogenic Engineering Conference,
held at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin,
August 21-24, 1979.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 57-33598
ISBN 978-1-4613-9858-5 ISBN 978-1-4613-9856-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1
© 1980 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1980
Softcover re print of the hardcover 1s t edition 1980
Ali rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmittild,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
CONTENTS
Foreward ........................................................ . xii
Russen B. Scott Memorial Award ................................... . xiii
Samuel C. Collins Award .......................................... . xiv
1979 Cryogenic Engineering Conference Board ....................... . XV
Awards Committees ............................................... . XV
Acknowledgments ................................................ . XVI
Superconductivity Applications-MHD and Fusion Magnets
A-1 Superconducting MHD Magnet Engineering Program, P. G.
MARSTON, A. M. DAwsoN, D. B. MoNTGOMERY, and J. E. C.
WILLIAMS, Francis Bitter National Magnet Labaratory . . . . . . . . . . . 1
A-2 Impact of High-Current Operation on the Cost of
Superconducting Magnet Systems for Large-Scale MHD
Applications, R. J. THOME, R. D. PILLSBURY, H. R. SEGAL, and
B. 0. PEDERSON, Magnetic Corporation of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
A-3 Final Design of a Superconducting MHD Magnet for the Coal-
Fired Flow Facility at the University of Tennessee Space
Institute, S.-T. WANG, L. R. TuRNER, L. GENENS, W.
PELCZARSKI, J. HoFFMAN, J. GoNCZY, H. Luowm, R. C.
NIEMANN, K. F. MATAYA, and E. KRAFT, Argonne National
Laboratory, and W. YouNG, University of Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
A-4 Cryogenic Aspects of the UTSI-CFFF Superconducting Dipole
Magnet for MHD Research, R. C. NIEMANN, S.-T. WANG, J. W.
DAWSON, L. GENENS, R. P. SMITH, L. R. TURNER, J. D.
GoNCZY, J. HOFFMAN, and K. F. MATAYA, Argonne National
Laboratory, P. SMELSER, Independent Consultant, and P. C.
V ANDER AREND and S. STOY, Cryogenic Consultants, Inc. . . . . . . 30
A-5 Safety Analysis of the UTSI-CFFF Superconducting Magnet, L.
R. TuRNER, S.-T. WANG, and R. P. SMITH, Argonne National
Laboratory, P. C. V ANDER AREND, Cryogenic Consultants,
Inc., and Y.-H. Hsu, General Atomic Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
A-6 Engineering Aspects of Cryogenic Laser-Fusion Targets, D. L.
MusiNSKI, T. M. HENDERSON, R. J. SIMMS, and T. R.
PATTINSON, KMS Fusion, Inc., and R. B. JAcoas, R. B. Jacobs
Associates, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Superconductivity Applications-Energy Transfer and Storage
B-1 Energy Transfer in a System of Superconductive Magnets, M.
MASUDA, T. SHINTOMI, and K. AsAJI, National Labaratory for High
Energy Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
V
vi Contents
B-2 Thermal Cycle Tests of a Modeted Superconducting Transmission
Line, C. F. SINDT and P. R. LuoTKE, NBS Thermophysical
Properties Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
B-3 Design of a 400-kJ Pulsed Energy Storage Coil, S. K. SINGH, C. J.
HEYNE, D. T. HACKWORTH, M. A. JANOCKO, P. W. EcKELS, and
J. H. MURPHY, Westinghouse Electric Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
B--4 Operating Characteristics of a 1.5-MJ Pulsed Superconducting
Coil, S. H. KIM, S.-T. WANG, and M. LIEBERG, Argonne
National Labaratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
B-5 3-MJ Magnet for Superconductive Energy Storage, T.
SHINTOMI, M. MAsUDA, H. SATO, and K. AsAn, National
Labaratory for High Energy Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
B-6 Conceptual Design of a 20-MJ Superconducting Forced-Cooled
Ohmic-Heating Coil, S. K. SINGH, J. H. MURPHY, M. A.
JANOCKO, H. E. HALLER, D. C. LITz, and P. W. ·EcKELS,
Westinghouse Electric Corporation, and J. D. RoGERS and P.
TRULLEN, Los Alamos Scientific Labaratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
B-7 Shape Optimization Study for a Three-Tunnel Superconductive
.Iinergy Storage Magnet, M. N. EL-DERINI, University of
Petroleum and Minerals, and R. W. BooM, University of
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
B-8 20-kA Power Supply for Large Superconductive Coils, M.
MASUDA, T. SHINTOMI, and K. AsAn, National Labaratory for
High Energy Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Superconductivity Applications-Rotating Machinery
C-1 Superconducting Generator Design for Airborne Applications, B.
B. GAMBLE and T. A. KEIM, General Electric Company......... 127
C-2 Superconducting Field Winding for a 10-MVA Generator, K. A.
TEPPER, J. V. MINERVINI, and J. L. SMITH, Jr., Massachusetts
Institute of Technology....................................... 137
C-3 Conductive Armature Shielding Design Concepts for Slow-Speed
Superconducting Generators in the 40- to 400-MVA Range, S.
KuzNETSOV, Imperial College of Science and Technology......... 145
C--4 Optimization of Superconducting Cryoturbogenerator Field-
Winding Parameters, B. I. VERKIN, I. S. ZHITOMIRSKII, and R.
V. GAVRILOV, Academy of Seiences of the Ukrainian SSR . . . . . . 156
Superconductivity Applications-Magnet Technology
D-1 Superconducting Compensating Solenoids for the CELLO Detector
Experiment at PETRA, W. BARTH, N. FESSLER-WILHELMI, W.
LEHMANN, and P. TUROWSKI, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe 163
D-2 Construction and Test of the CELLO Thin-Wall Solenoid, H.
DESPORTES, J. LE BARS, and G. MAYAUX, Centre d'Etudes
Nuc/eaires de Sac/ay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
D-3 Quenches in the Superconducting Magnet CELLO, W. V.
HASSENZAHL, Los Alamos Scientific Labaratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Contents vü
D-4 Construction and Testing of the Two-Meter-Diameter TPC Thin
Superconducting Solenoid, M. A. GREEN, P. H. EBERHARD, R.
R. Ross, and J. D. TAYLOR, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory . . . . . 194
D-5 Superconducting Magnet System for the Spirit Cosmic Ray Space
Telescope, M. A. GREEN and J. M. DEÜLIVARES, Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory, and G. TARLE, P. B. PRICE, and E. K.
SHIRK, University of Ca/ifornia, Berkeley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
D-6 A Maintainable Superconducting Magnet System for Tokamak
Fusion Reactors, S. Y. HsiEH, G. DANBY, J. R. PowELL, P.
BEZLER, D. GARDNER, and C. LAVERICK, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, and M. FINKELMAN, T. BROWN, J. BuNDY, T.
BALDERES, I. ZATZ, R. VERZERA, and R. HERBERMAN,
Grumman Aerospace Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
D-7 Prototype Low-Current Superconducting Quadrupole Magnet for
Fermilab's High-Intensity Laboratory, W. CRADDOCK, R. W.
FAST, P. GARBINCIUS, and L. MAPALO, Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
D-8 Superconducting Magnets of the Biomedical Facility at SIN, J.
ZELLWEGER, G. VECSEY, and I. HoRVATH, SIN Swiss Institute
for Nuclear Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Superconductivity Applications-Cryogenic Techniques
E-1 A Novel Thermometer Sensor for the mK Region Using the
Proximity Effect, H. NAGANO, Y. ÜDA, and G. Fum, Tokyo
University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
E-2 A Superconducting RF Notch Filter, C. S. PANG, C. M. FALCO,
R. T. KAMPWIRTH, and I. K. ScHULLER, Argonne National
Laboratory, and J. J. HuoAK and T. A. ANASTASIO, Department
of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
E-3 Experimental Evaluation of a 1-Meter-Scale D-Shaped Test Coil
Fabricated from a 23-Meter Length of Internally Cooled, Cabled
Superconductor, M. 0. HoENIG, A. G. MONTGOMERY, and S. J.
W ALDMAN, Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . 251
E-4 Performance of Gas-Filled Thermal Switches, J. YAMAMOTO,
Osaka University. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Cooling Superconducting Systems
F-1 Transient Cooling of a Faultworthy Superconducting Electric
Generator, J. A. ScHWOERER and J. L. SMITH, Jr., Massachusetts
Institute of Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
F-2 Experimental Simulation of a Cryogenic System for a Large
Superconducting Rotor, L. SOBEL, J. L. SMITH, Jr., and F.
RuMORE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
F-3 Rotor Cooling System for a 10-MVA Superconducting
Generator, M. T. BROWN, M. E. CRAWFORD, and J. L. SMITH,
JR., Massachusetts Institute of Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
F-4 Safety Leads, M. KucHNIR and T. H. NICOL, Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Coateats
F-5 Magnet Leads for the First-Cell, D. P. ßROWN and W. J.
ScHNEIDER, Brookhaven National Labaratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
F-6 Thermal Control for the MFfF Magnet, J. H. V ANSANT and R.
M. Russ, Lawrence Livermore Labaratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
F-7 Forced-Circulation Cooling System for the Argonne
Superconducting Heavy-Ion Linac, J. M. NIXON and L. M.
BoLLINGER, Argonne National Labaratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
F-8 Energy Doubler Satellite Refrigerator Magnet Cooling System, C.
RODE, P. ßRINDZA, and D. RICHIED, Fermi National Accelerator
Laboratory, and S. STOY, Cryogenic Consultants, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
F-9 Cryogenic Support System for Airborne Superconducting
Generators, P. J. KERNEY and P. A. LESSARD, CTI-Cryogenics . . 335
F-10 Economics of Cryogenic Systems for Superconducting Magnets,
G. Y. RoBINSON, JR., Massachusetts Institute of Technology . 0... 342
F-11 Minimization of Refrigeration Power for Large Cryogenic
Systems, M. A. HILAL, Michigan Technological University, and Y.
M. EYSSA, University of Wisconsin-Madison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Heat Transfer in Helium
G-1 Two-Dimensional Heat Transfer to Superfluid Helium, M. A.
HILAL, Michigan Technological University .......... 0 ••••• 0 0 0. 0 358
G-2 Heat Transfer to Helium-li in Cylindrical Geometries, S. W.
V AN SeiVER and R. L. LEE, University of Wisconsin-Madison 0 • 363
G-3 Maximum and Minimum Heat Flux and Temperature Fluctuation
in Film-Boiling States in Superfluid Helium, H. KoBAYASHI and K.
YASUKÖCHI, Nihon University ................. 0.............. 372
G--4 Transient Heat Transfer in Boiling Helium-! and Subcooled
Helium-li, P. SEYFERT, G. CLAUDET, and M. J. McCALL, Centre
d'Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, and R. AYMAR, Centre d'Etudes
Nucleaires de Fontenay aux Roses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
G-5 Heat Transfer Measurement With a Small Superconducting Coil
Subjected to Transient and Quasistatic Heating at Temperatures
between 1.8 and 4.2 K, D. GENTILE, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires
de Saclay, and W. V. HASSENZAHL, Los Alamos Scientific
Labaratory .............................................. 0 • • 385
G-6 Heat Transfer of Helium in a Pipe With Suction, L. L. VAsiLIEV,
G. I. BosROVA, and L. A. STASEVICH, The Luikov Heat and
Mass Transfer Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
G-7 Heat Transfer and Helium Replenishment in Cabled Conductor
Cooling Channels, P. F. MICHAELSON, R. QuAY , and R. F.
KOENIG, General Electric Company, and P. L. WALSTROM and J.
S. GoooARD, Oak Ridge National Labaratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
G-8 Measurements of Heat Transfer and Helium Replenishment in
Long Narrow Channels, R. E. ScHWALL, F. J. RELES, and J. P.
HEINRICH, Intermagnetics General Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
G-9 Vapor Locking and Heat Transfer under Transient and Steady-
State Conditions, C.-J. CHEN, S.-T. WANG, and J. W. DAWSON,
Argonne National Labaratory................................. 412
G-10 Forced Two-Phase Helium Cooling of Large Superconducting
Magnets, M. A. GREEN, W. A. BuRNS, and J. D. TAYLOR,
Lawrence Berkeley Labaratory . 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • 420
Contents
Heat Transfer
H-1 Contact Heat Transfer in Solid Cryogens, B. I. VERKIN, R. S.
MIKHALCHENKO, V. F. GETMANETS, and L. G. GoNCHARENKO,
Academy of Seiences of the Ukrainian SSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
H-2 Digital Computer Simulation of Voidage in a Regenerator, J. B.
HARNESSand P. E. L. NEUMANN, University of Bradford........ 438
H-3 Simulation of Cooldown Underneath Large Cryogenic Storage
Tanks, M. H. SEELAND and K. D. TIMMERHAUS, University of
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
H-4 Transient Pool Boiling of Liquid Helium Using a Temperature-
Controlled Heater Surface, P. J. GIARRATANO and N. V.
FREDERICK, NBS Thermophysical Properlies Division . . . . . . . . . . . 455
H-5 Heat Transfer during Subcooled Hydrogen Boiling, B. I. VERKIN,
Yu. A. KIRICHENKO, and N. M. LEVCHENKO, Academy of
Seiences of the Ukrainian SSR................................ 467
H-6 Observation of Bubble Formation Mechanism of Liquid Nitrogen
Subjected to Transient Heating, 0. TsuKAMOTO and T.
UYEMURA, Yokohama National University, and T. UYEMURA,
Tokyo University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
H-7 Natural Convection Heat Leak in Supercritical Hydrogen Tanks,
A. J. BARRETT, Beech Aircraft Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
H-8 Techniques for Reducing Radiation Heat Transfer between 77
and 4.2 K, E. M. W. LEUNG, R. W. FAST, H. L. HART, and J. R.
HEIM, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Flow Phenomena
J-1 Experience with an Orifice Flow Meter lnstalled in a Helium
Refrigerator, J. W. DEAN and W. F. STEWART, Los Alamos
Scientific Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
J-2 Some Observations of a Free Jet Phenomenon in a 90° Sharp-
Edge lnlet Geometry, R. C. HENDRICKS, NASA, Lewis Research
Center..................................................... 506
J-3 Experimental Study of Flow Instabilities in Forced Helium
Cooling Channels, Y. MATSUBARA, A. SuGAWARA, and K.
YASUKÖCHI, Nihon University................................ 521
J-4 Acoustic Oscillation Phenomena in Low-Velocity Steady Flow
with Heating, J. A. LIBURDY, Clemson University, and J. L.
WoFFORD, Arkansas Power and Light Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
J-5 Control of Pressurized Superfluid Helium-li: Application to Loss
Analysis, M. X. FRAN(:OIS, Laboratoire d'Aerodynamique, and J. C.
LoTTIN and J. PLANCOULAINE, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de
Saclay..................................................... 541
Liquefaction and Refrigeration
K-1 Thermodynamic Optimization of Helium Liquefaction Cycles, R.
H. HUBBELL, Arthur D. Little, Inc., and W. M. ToscANO, Foster-
Miller Associates............................................ 551
K-2 A 50-Liters/hr Helium Liquefier for a Superconducting Magnetic
Energy Storage System, P. J. KERNEY and D. A. McWILLIAMS,
CTI-Cryogenics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563