Advances in Composite Materials - Analysis of Natural and Man-Made Materials

584 Pages·65.134 MB·English

by  Tesinova P. (Ed.)

ADVANCES IN COMPOSITE
MATERIALS - ANALYSIS
OF NATURAL AND
MAN-MADE MATERIALS

Edited by Pavla Těšinová
Advances in Composite Materials - Analysis of Natural and Man-Made Materials
Edited by Pavla Těšinová

Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2011 InTech
All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons
Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy,
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Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors
and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted
for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher
assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out
of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

Publishing Process Manager Romina Krebel
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer Jan Hyrat
Image Copyright Eugene Sergeev, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com

First published July, 2011
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Advances in Composite Materials - Analysis of Natural and Man-Made Materials,
Edited by Pavla Těšinová
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-449-8

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Material Properties 1
Chapter 1 Composites Containing Waste Materials 3
Milena Koleva, Anka Zheglova,
Venceslav Vassilev and Emilija Fidancevska
Chapter 2 Porous Particle-Polymer Composites 29
Parvez Alam
Chapter 3 Polymer Composites for Bone Reconstruction 55
Mervi Puska, Allan J. Aho and Pekka Vallittu
Chapter 4 New Generation of
Geopolymer Composite for Fire-Resistance 73
Tran Doan Hung, Petr Louda,
Dora Kroisová, Oleg Bortnovsky and Nguyen Thang Xiem
Chapter 5 POLICRYPS Composite Materials:
Features and Applications 93
R. Caputo, L. De Sio, A. Veltri,
A. V. Sukhov, N. V. Tabiryan and C. P.Umeton
Part 2 Natural Sources 119
Chapter 6 Composite Materials from Natural Resources:
Recent Trends and Future Potentials 121
Mohini Saxena, Asokan Pappu,
Anusha Sharma, Ruhi Haque and Sonal Wankhede
Chapter 7 Natural Fiber Polymer Composites Technology Applied
to the Recovery and Protection of Tropical Forests
Allied to the Recycling of Industrial and Urban Residues 163
Alessandra de Almeida Lucas, José Donato Ambrósio,
Baltus Cornelius Bonse and Sílvia Helena Prado Bettini
VI Contents

Chapter 8 Bone: A Composite Natural Material 195
Maria Fátima Vaz, Helena Canhão and João Eurico Fonseca
Chapter 9 Wood-Polymer Composites 229
Yongfeng Li
Chapter 10 Engineered Membranes and
Transporters for Useful Devices 285
John Cuppoletti and Danuta H. Malinowska
Part 3 Manufacturing 295
Chapter 11 Mechanical Improvement of Ramie Woven Reinforced-Starch
Based Biocomposite Using Biosizing Method 297
Eko Marsyahyo, Siswi Astuti and Iftitah Ruwana
Chapter 12 Thermoplastic Matrix Composites from Towpregs 307
João Silva, João Nunes, C. A. Bernardo and António Marques
Chapter 13 Wood Plastic Composites 325
El-Haggar, Salah M. and Kamel, Mokhtar A.
Chapter 14 Curing Monitoring of Composite Material
Using Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors 345
Chia-Chin Chiang
Part 4 Testing 361
Chapter 15 The Synergy of Electrochemistry and Concrete
Material Science in Evaluating Corrosion Resistance of
Wastes-Containing Reinforced Cement-Based Systems 363
D. A. Koleva and K. van Breugel
Chapter 16 Intralaminar Fracture Toughness
Characterization of Composite Laminates 389
Maurício V. Donadon and Sérgio Frascino Muller de Almeida
Chapter 17 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
Evaluation of Cementitious Materials 411
T. H. Panzera, A. L. Christoforo,
F. P. Cota, P. H. R. Borges and C. R. Bowen
Chapter 18 Macro-Micro Mechanical Behavior of a Highly-Particle-Filled
Composite Using Digital Image Correlation Method 437
Pengwan Chen, Zhongbin Zhou and Fenglei Huang
Contents VII

Part 5 Modelling 461
Chapter 19 Virtual Crack Closure Technique and Finite
Element Method for Predicting the Delamination
Growth Initiation in Composite Structures 463
Pietropaoli Elisa
Chapter 20 Experimental and Numerical Methods to
Characterize Electrical Behaviour of
Carbon Fiber Composites Used in Aeronautic Industry 481
Alexandre Piche, Ivan Revel and Gilles Peres
Chapter 21 Adaptive Composite Materials: Bionics Principles,
Abnormal Elasticity, Moving Interfaces 497
Shilko Serge
Chapter 22 Mechanics of Composite Beams 527
Mehdi Hajianmaleki and Mohammad S. Qatu
Chapter 23 Asymptotic Expansion Homogenisation and Multiscale
Topology Optimisation of Composite Structures 547
João A. Oliveira, Joaquim Pinho-da-Cruz and Filipe Teixeira-Dias

Preface

Nature creates the best material constituents and combines them as composite
materials. Thus inspired people compose new designs for their purpose of utilization.
We make new constructions, new types of man-made materials and evaluate them
before use. Composites are made up of constituent materials with high engineering
potential. This potential is wide as wide is the variation of materials and structure
constructions when new updates are invented every day. Technological advances in
composite field are included in the equipment surrounded us daily; our lives are
getting safer, hand in hand with economical and ecological advantages.
This book collects original studies concerning composite materials, their properties
and testing from various points of view. Chapters are divided into five groups
according to their main aim: Material properties, Natural sources, Manufacturing,
Testing and Modelling. Each part includes chapters with interesting topics.
Worldwide spread authors were addressed so we are glad that this book represents
research in high variety of outlooks.
Material properties are described in innovative ways either for standard components
or biomaterials and natural sources materials. Commonly used materials as glass,
carbon, epoxy resins, concrete, etc. were described with improved properties or
constructions. Waste material using and recycling is the next step and it is an
important way how to save our sources and environment. Renewable natural sources
are on the top position for saving environment and we have to do our best to find
proper applications for them.
Manufacturing processes are represented by moulding methods; lamination process
includes monitoring during process. Innovative testing procedures are described in
electrochemistry, ultrasonic pulse velocity, fracture toughness in macro-micro
mechanical behaviour and more. Synergy between components, laminas and
construction parts are tested by different principles. Modelling offers relatively cheap
option how to observe long time processes in special conditions before actual
production. Experimental testing with software modelling and computation are
important to work together for deep description of composite properties.
All original contributions included in this book present knowledge and research in
very special field. Big progress in composite engineering started in the second part of
X Preface

the last century and is still growing. Study of composite materials has future when
questions which we consider now are going to be answered and limitations which we
see will be overcome.
I would like to thank Romina Krebel for her invaluable help in the organisation of the
editing process.

Pavla Těšinová
Technical University of Liberec
Czech Republic