Table Of Content

Advanced Techniques in RF Power Amplifier Design ForalistingofrecenttitlesintheArtechHouseMicrowaveLibrary, turntothebackofthisbook. Advanced Techniques in RF Power Amplifier Design Steve C. Cripps Artech House Boston (cid:149) London www.artechhouse.com LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Cripps,SteveC. AdvancedtechniquesinRFpoweramplifierdesign/SteveCripps. p. cm.(cid:151)(ArtechHousemicrowavelibrary) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN1-58053-282-9(alk.paper) 1.Poweramplifiers. 2.Amplifiers,Radiofrequency. I.Title. II.Series. TK7871.58.P6C72 2002 621.384(cid:146)12(cid:151)dc21 2002016427 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Cripps,SteveC. AdvancedtechniquesinRFpoweramplifierdesign.(cid:151)(ArtechHouse microwavelibrary) 1.Poweramplifiers(cid:151)Design 2.Amplifiers,Radiofrequency I.Title 621.3(cid:146)8412 ISBN1-58053-282-9 CoverdesignbyGaryRagaglia '2002ARTECHHOUSE,INC. 685CantonStreet Norwood,MA02062 Allrightsreserved.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthisbook may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in- cludingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,with- outpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobetrademarksorservicemarkshave been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this informa- tion.Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofanytrade- markorservicemark. InternationalStandardBookNumber:1-58053-282-9 LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2002016427 10987654321 Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xv 1 ClassABAmplifiers 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 ClassicalClassABModes 2 1.3 ClassAB:ADifferentPerspective 9 1.4 RFBipolars:ViveLaDifference 16 1.4.1 ABasicRFBJTModel 16 1.5 OnSweetSpotsandIMGlitches 29 1.6 Conclusions 31 Reference 32 2 DohertyandChireix 33 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 TheDohertyPA 34 2.2.1 IntroductionandFormulation 34 v vi AdvancedTechniquesinRFPowerAmplifierDesign 2.2.2 TheClassicalDohertyConfiguration 37 2.2.3 VariationsontheClassicalConfiguration 42 2.2.4 PeakingAmplifierConfigurations 49 2.2.5 DohertyPAMatchingTopologies 52 2.2.6 TheMultipleDohertyPA 56 2.2.7 DohertyPAConclusions 56 2.3 TheChireixOutphasingPA 58 2.3.1 IntroductionandFormulation 58 2.3.2 Discussion,Analysis,andSimulation 62 2.3.3 Variations 69 2.3.4 Chireix:Conclusions 71 References 72 3 SomeTopicsinPANonlinearity 73 3.1 Introduction 73 3.2 AProblem,aSolution,andProblemswiththe Solution 74 3.3 PowerSeries,VolterraSeries,andPolynomials 77 3.4 Two-CarrierCharacterization 89 3.5 MemoryandIMAsymmetryinRFPAs 94 3.6 PAsandPeak-to-AverageRatios 105 3.7 Conclusions 109 References 110 4 FeedbackTechniques 111 4.1 Introduction 111 4.2 FeedbackTechniques 114 4.3 AmplitudeEnvelopeFeedback:Configurationand Analysis 121 4.4 VectorEnvelopeFeedback 137 Contents vii 4.5 LowLatencyPADesign 140 4.6 Variations 146 4.7 Conclusions 150 References 151 5 PredistortionTechniques 153 5.1 Introduction 153 5.2 Third-DegreePA:PredistortionAnalysis 156 5.3 PDCharacteristicforGeneralPAModel 163 5.4 PracticalRealizationofthePredistorterFunction: Introduction 177 5.5 AnalogPredistorters 179 5.6 DSPPredistortion 187 5.7 Conclusions 194 References 195 6 FeedforwardPowerAmplifiers 197 6.1 Introduction 197 6.2 TheFeedforwardLoop 198 6.3 AM-PMCorrectionintheFeedforwardLoop 204 6.4 ErrorInsertionCoupling 208 6.5 Third-DegreeAnalysisoftheGeneralized Feedforward(FFW)Loop 216 6.5.1 FormulationandAnalysis 216 6.5.2 TrackingErrors 222 6.5.3 CompressionAdjustment 224 6.5.4 Third-DegreeAnalysis:Conclusions 228 6.6 FeedforwardLoopSimulation 229 6.6.1 EffectofAM-PMinMainPA 231 6.6.2 GainCompressionAdjustment 233 viii AdvancedTechniquesinRFPowerAmplifierDesign 6.6.3 EPRChange 233 6.6.4 GainandPhaseTracking 235 6.6.5 MulticarrierSimulation 235 6.7 FeedforwardLoopEfficiencyConsiderations 236 6.8 AdaptionandCorrection:ClosingtheLoop 241 6.9 Variations 249 6.9.1 TheDoubleFeedforwardLoop 249 6.9.2 AFeedforward-EnhancedPowerCombiner 252 6.9.3 (cid:147)Budget(cid:148)FFWSystems 253 6.10 Conclusions 255 References 256 7 MicrowavePowerAmplifiers 257 7.1 Introduction 257 7.2 BroadbandMicrowavePowerAmplifierDesign 259 7.2.1 Introduction 259 7.2.2 BroadbandMatchingUsingNetworkSynthesis 259 7.2.3 BalancedAmplifiers 270 7.2.4 BroadbandPowerAmplifierDesignIssues 273 7.3 MicrowaveCircuitsandMICTechniques 280 7.3.1 Introduction 280 7.3.2 SubstrateandHeatsinkMaterials 281 7.3.3 MICComponentsandStructures 283 7.4 PADesignUsingPrematchedModules 287 7.4.1 Introduction 287 7.4.2 MatchingIssuesforIMTs 287 7.4.3 BiasingIssuesforIMTs 290 7.4.4 PowerCombiningofIMTs 291 7.5 DistributedAmplifiers 293 7.6 Conclusions 296 References 297 Contents ix Appendix 299 Notes 299 SelectedBibliography 300 Glossary 301 AbouttheAuthor 305 Index 307