Advanced Steel Design of Structures

303 Pages·2019·19.462 MB·\303

by  Srinivasan Chandrasekaran (Author)

Advanced Steel Design of
Structures

Advanced Steel Design of
Structures
Srinivasan Chandrasekaran
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Contents
ListofFigures..................................................................................................ix
ListofTables..................................................................................................xiii
ForewordbyJeomKeePaik............................................................................xv
ForewordbyMubarakWahab.......................................................................xvii
Preface............................................................................................................xix
AbouttheAuthor ..........................................................................................xxi
Chapter1 Introduction...................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction..........................................................................1
1.2 Compliantoffshoreplatforms...............................................2
1.3 New-generationoffshoreplatforms.......................................5
1.3.1 Buoyantlegstructures..............................................5
1.3.2 Triceratops...............................................................6
1.3.3 Buoyantlegstorageregasificationplatform.............7
1.4 Designofstiffenedcylindricalshellstructures.......................9
1.5 Unsymmetricalbending......................................................15
1.6 Curvedbeams......................................................................32
1.6.1 Bendingofcurvedbeamswithsmallinitial
curvature................................................................33
1.6.2 Deflectionofthecurvedbeamwithsmallinitial
curvature................................................................35
1.6.3 Curvedbeamwithlargeinitialcurvature...............36
1.6.4 Simplifiedequationstoestimatestressesinthe
extremefiber..........................................................41
Exerciseproblems.........................................................................41
Chapter2 PlasticDesignofStructures.........................................................49
2.1 PlasticBehaviorofStructures............................................49
2.2 ShapeFactor.....................................................................54
2.2.1 RectangularSection...............................................54
2.2.2 TriangularSection..................................................55
2.2.3 CircularSection.....................................................57
2.3 MATLAB®CodeforCalculatingShapeFactor...............58
2.4 MomentCurvatureRelationship.......................................63
2.5 Mechanism........................................................................65
2.6 StaticTheorem..................................................................66
2.7 KinematicTheorem...........................................................66
2.8 UniquenessTheorem.........................................................68
v
vi Contents
2.9 ExercisestoEstimatesCollapseLoad................................68
2.9.1 FixedBeamwithaCentralPointLoad..................68
2.9.2 FixedBeamwithUniformlyDistributedLoad......70
2.9.3 SimplySupportedBeamwithEccentricLoad........71
2.9.4 SimplySupportedBeamwithaCentralPoint
Load......................................................................73
2.10 AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofPlasticAnalysis...........74
2.10.1 Advantages..........................................................74
2.10.2 Disadvantages......................................................74
2.11 ComparisonofElasticandPlasticAnalysis......................74
Exercises.......................................................................................75
Chapter3 Blast,Fire,andImpact-ResistantDesign.....................................89
3.1 Introduction......................................................................89
3.2 Blast-ResistantDesign.......................................................89
3.2.1 PersonnelSafety.....................................................90
3.2.2 ControlledShutdown.............................................90
3.2.3 FinancialConsideration.........................................90
3.2.4 PreliminaryDesign................................................91
3.2.5 DetailedDesign.....................................................91
3.3 BlastLoads.......................................................................91
3.4 ClassificationofExplosions...............................................92
3.4.1 VapourCloudExplosions......................................92
3.4.2 PressureVesselExplosions.....................................93
3.4.3 CondensedPhaseExplosion..................................94
3.4.4 DustExplosions.....................................................94
3.5 BlastWaveParameters......................................................94
3.5.1 PeakReflectedPressure..........................................96
3.5.2 PeakDynamicPressure..........................................97
3.5.3 ShockFrontVelocity.............................................97
3.5.4 BlastWavelength....................................................97
3.6 DesignBlastLoadforBuildings........................................99
3.6.1 FrontWallLoad....................................................99
3.6.2 SideWallLoad....................................................100
3.6.3 RoofLoad...........................................................102
3.6.4 RearWallLoad....................................................102
3.6.5 FrameLoading....................................................103
3.6.6 NegativePressure,LeakagePressureand
ReboundLoad.....................................................104
3.7 DesignExample:ComputationofBlastOverpressure
foraRectangular-ShapedBuilding..................................104
3.8 FireLoad........................................................................108
Contents vii
3.9 CategorizationofFire.....................................................109
3.10 CharacteristicsofFire.....................................................110
3.10.1 Auto-IgnitionTemperature................................110
3.10.2 Flashpoint..........................................................111
3.10.3 FirePoint...........................................................111
3.11 ClassificationofFire.......................................................111
3.12 FireProtectionSystemsintheDesign.............................113
3.13 SteelatHighTemperature...............................................114
3.14 ExampleCaseStudy:BehaviorofanOffshoreDeck
PlateUnderHydrocarbonFire........................................116
3.15 DesignforFire................................................................119
3.15.1 ZoneMethod.....................................................119
3.15.2 LinearElasticMethod.......................................119
3.15.3 Elastic–PlasticMethod......................................119
3.16 ImpactLoadsDuetoShip–PlatformCollision...............120
3.16.1 KineticEnergy...................................................121
3.17 EnergyAbsorption..........................................................122
3.18 AnExampleProblemonShipCollision..........................124
3.19 ImpactAnalysisofBuoyantLegsofOffshore
Triceratops......................................................................124
3.20 FunctionallyGradedMaterial.........................................129
3.20.1 MaterialCharacteristicsofFGM.......................132
Chapter4 StabilityofStructuralSystems...................................................133
4.1 ConditionsofStability....................................................133
4.2 BucklingandInstability..................................................134
4.3 EulerCriticalLoad..........................................................139
4.4 StandardBeamElement,NeglectingAxial
Deformation....................................................................141
4.4.1 RotationalCoefficients.........................................147
4.5 StabilityFunctions..........................................................150
4.5.1 RotationFunctionsUnderAxialCompressive
Load....................................................................150
4.5.2 RotationFunctionsUnderZeroAxialLoad
(SpecialCase).......................................................154
4.5.3 RotationFunctionsUnderAxialTensileLoad....155
4.5.4 TranslationFunctionUnderAxial
CompressiveLoad...............................................156
4.6 LateralLoadFunctionsUnderUniformlyDistributed
Load................................................................................159
4.7 FixedBeamUnderTensileAxialLoad............................163
4.8 LateralLoadFunctionsforConcentratedLoad..............164
viii Contents
4.9 ExerciseProblemsonStabilityAnalysis..........................168
4.10 CriticalBucklingLoad....................................................201
Chapter5 MathieuStabilityofCompliantStructures.................................231
5.1 Introduction......................................................................231
5.2 MooringSystems..............................................................231
5.3 MathieuEquation.............................................................233
5.4 MathieuStabilityforCompliantStructures......................234
5.5 MathieuStabilityofTriceratops........................................235
5.5.1 FormulationofMathieuEquation.......................236
5.5.2 MathematicalModel............................................238
5.6 InfluenceofParametersonStability..................................239
5.6.1 InfluenceofWaveHeight.....................................239
5.6.2 InfluenceofWavePeriod.....................................242
5.6.3 InfluenceofWaterDepth.....................................243
5.6.4 InfluenceofTetherStiffness.................................245
5.6.5 InfluenceofIncreasedPayload............................246
5.7 MathieuStabilityofBLSRP..............................................248
5.7.1 NumericalModeling............................................248
5.7.2 MathieuStabilityUnderTetherPullout...............250
5.7.3 MathieuStabilityAnalysisUnderEccentric
Loading...............................................................255
5.8 NumericalModelingExampleofTriceratops....................258
5.8.1 TypicalPlotsofMembersShowingInstability.....263
5.9 NumericalModelofBLSRP.............................................263
References......................................................................................................265
Index..............................................................................................................277
List of Figures
Figure1.1 ConceptualfigureofTLP(Chandrasekaran,2015b)....................3
Figure1.2 NeptuneTLP(Chandrasekaran,2015b)......................................3
Figure1.3 TensionLegPlatformmechanics(Chandrasekaran,2015b).........4
Figure1.4 Buoyantlegstructures..................................................................6
Figure1.5 Triceratops...................................................................................7
Figure1.6 Buoyantlegstorageregasificationplatforms................................8
Figure1.7 BLSRPscaledmodelinstalledinthewaveflume..........................8
Figure1.8 Bucklingmodesinorthogonallystiffenedcylinders
(DNV-RP-C202)..........................................................................9
Figure1.9 Uniformbending........................................................................15
Figure1.10 Typicalcrosssection...................................................................17
Figure2.1 Bendingofbeams.......................................................................50
Figure2.2 Plasticdeformation....................................................................51
Figure2.3 Force-equilibriumcondition.......................................................51
Figure2.4 Elasticcore.................................................................................53
Figure2.5 Rectangularsection....................................................................55
Figure2.6 Triangularsection......................................................................56
Figure2.7 Fullyplastictriangularsection...................................................56
Figure2.8 Circularsection..........................................................................57
Figure2.9 T-section....................................................................................61
Figure2.10 T-sectionwithequalareaaxis....................................................62
Figure2.11 I-section.....................................................................................62
Figure2.12 I-sectionwithequalareaaxis.....................................................63
Figure2.13 Collapsemechanisms.................................................................67
Figure2.14 Plasticanalysistheorems............................................................68
Figure2.15 Fixedbeamwithacentralconcentratedload.............................69
Figure2.16 Fixedbeammechanism..............................................................69
Figure2.17 Fixedbeamwithuniformlydistributedload..............................70
Figure2.18 Fixedbeammechanismunderudl..............................................71
Figure2.19 Simplysupportedbeamwitheccentricload...............................71
Figure2.20 Simplysupportedbeammechanism...........................................72
Figure2.21 Simplysupportedbeamwithacentralconcentratedload..........73
Figure2.22 Simplysupportedbeammechanism...........................................74
Figure2.23 Proppedcantileverbeamwithuniformlydistributedload..........75
Figure2.24 Bendingmomentdiagram..........................................................75
Figure2.25 Beammechanism.......................................................................77
Figure2.26 Fixedbeameccentricconcentratedload.....................................77
Figure2.27 Fixedbeammechanism..............................................................78
Figure2.28 Fixedbeamexample...................................................................78
Figure2.29 Fixedbeammechanism..............................................................79
Figure2.30 Frameexample...........................................................................80
Figure2.31 Beammechanism.......................................................................80
ix