Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

196 Pages·2022·11.302 MB·English

by  Wang R., Sun S. (ed.)

Advanced
Nanomaterials for
Electrochemical
Energy Conversion
and Storage
Edited by
Rongming Wang and Shuhui Sun
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nanomaterials
www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterials
Advanced Nanomaterials for
Electrochemical Energy Conversion
and Storage
Advanced Nanomaterials for
Electrochemical Energy Conversion
and Storage
Editors
RongmingWang
ShuhuiSun
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade•Manchester•Tokyo•Cluj•Tianjin
Editors
RongmingWang ShuhuiSun
UniversityofScienceand InstitutNationaldela
TechnologyBeijing RechercheScientifique(INRS)
China Canada
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St.Alban-Anlage66
4052Basel,Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal
Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterials/
specialissues/EnergyElectrochemical).
Forcitationpurposes,citeeacharticleindependentlyasindicatedonthearticlepageonlineandas
indicatedbelow:
LastName,A.A.;LastName,B.B.;LastName,C.C.ArticleTitle. JournalNameYear,VolumeNumber,
PageRange.
ISBN978-3-0365-5839-4(Hbk)
ISBN978-3-0365-5840-0(PDF)
Coverimagecourtesyof RongmingWang.
©2022bytheauthors. ArticlesinthisbookareOpenAccessanddistributedundertheCreative
Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon
publishedarticles,aslongastheauthorandpublisherareproperlycredited,whichensuresmaximum
disseminationandawiderimpactofourpublications.
ThebookasawholeisdistributedbyMDPIunderthetermsandconditionsoftheCreativeCommons
licenseCCBY-NC-ND.
Contents
AbouttheEditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
ZhihongZhangandRongmingWang
Editorial for the Special Issue: “Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy
ConversionandStorage”
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2022,12,3579,doi:10.3390/
nano12203579 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Xinxing Zhan, Xin Tong, Manqi Gu, Juan Tian, Zijian Gao, Liying Ma, Yadian Xie,
Zhangsen Chen, Hariprasad Ranganathan, Gaixia Zhang and Shuhui Sun
Phosphorus-Doped Graphene Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2022,12,1141,doi:10.3390/nano12071141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
JuzheLiu,RuiHao,BinbinJia,HeweiZhaoandLinGuo
ManipulationonTwo-DimensionalAmorphousNanomaterialsforEnhancedElectrochemical
EnergyStorageandConversion
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2021,11,3246,doi:10.3390/nano11123246 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
HaoxianChen,JiayiWang,YanZhao,QindanZeng,GuofuZhouandMingliangJin
Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macro/Mesoporous Nb2O5/Nb4N5 Heterostructure as Sulfur
HostforHigh-PerformanceLithium/SulfurBatteries
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2021,11,1531,doi:10.3390/nano11061531 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chong Wang, Jian-Hao Lu, Zi-Long Wang, An-Bang Wang, Hao Zhang, Wei-Kun Wang,
Zhao-QingJinandLi-ZhenFan
SynergisticAdsorption-CatalyticSitesTiN/Ta2O5withMultidimensionalCarbonStructureto
EnableHigh-PerformanceLi-SBatteries
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2021,11,2882,doi:10.3390/nano11112882 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
XiaoyaLi,YajunZhao,LeiDing,DeqiangWang,QiGuo,ZhiweiLi,HaoLuo,DaweiZhang
andYanYu
Enhancing the Capacity and Stability by CoFe2O4 Modified g-C3N4 Composite for
Lithium-OxygenBatteries
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2021,11,1088,doi:10.3390/nano11051088 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Ndeye F. Sylla, Samba Sarr, Ndeye M. Ndiaye, Bridget K. Mutuma, Astou Seck,
Balla D. Ngom, Mohamed Chaker and Ncholu Manyala
Enhanced Electrochemical Behavior of Peanut-Shell Activated Carbon/Molybdenum
Oxide/Molybdenum Carbide Ternary Composites
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2021,11,1056,doi:10.3390/nano11041056 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
YanRongandSipingHuang
Self-Templating Synthesis of N/P/Fe Co-Doped 3D Porous Carbon for Oxygen Reduction
ReactionElectrocatalystsinAlkalineMedia
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2022,12,2106,doi:10.3390/nano12122106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
HengLuo,XiaoxuWang,ChubinWan,LuXie,MinhuiSongandPingQian
ATheoreticalStudyofFeAdsorbedonPureandNonmetal(N,F,P,S,Cl)-DopedTi3C2O2for
ElectrocatalyticNitrogenReduction
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2022,12,1081,doi:10.3390/nano12071081 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
v
ShutaoZhao,XiaoTang,JingliLi,JingZhang,DiYuan,DongweiMaandLinJu
ImprovingtheEnergeticStabilityandElectrocatalyticPerformanceofAu/WSSeSingle-Atom
CatalystwithTensileStrain
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2022,12,2793,doi:10.3390/nano12162793 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
YongshengZhu,FengxinSun,ChangjunJia,TianmingZhaoandYupengMao
AStretchableandSelf-HealingHybridNano-GeneratorforHumanMotionMonitoring
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2022,12,104,doi:10.3390/nano12010104 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
PenglinGao,YuanhuaXia,JianGongandXinJu
StructureandMagneticPropertiesofErFexMn12−x(7.0≤x≤9.0,Δx=0.2)
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2022,12,1586,doi:10.3390/nano12091586 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
HongyuDu,MinZhang,KeYang,BaoheLiandZhenhuiMa
A Self-Assembly of Single Layer of Co Nanorods to Reveal the Magnetostatic Interaction
Mechanism
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2022,12,2499,doi:10.3390/nano12142499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
PanpanGao,MinhuiSong,XiaoxuWang,QingLiu,ShizhenHe,YeSuandPingQian
Theoretical Study on the Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties Regulation of Janus
StructureofM’MCO22DMXenes
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2022,12,556,doi:10.3390/nano12030556 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
BaoshanCui,ZengtaiZhu,ChuangwenWu,XiaobinGuo,ZhuyangNie,HaoWu,Tengyu
Guo, Peng Chen, Dongfeng Zheng, Tian Yu, Li Xi, Zhongming Zeng, Shiheng Liang,
GuangyuZhang,GuoqiangYuandKangL.Wang
ComprehensiveStudyoftheCurrent-InducedSpin–OrbitTorquePerpendicularEffectiveField
inAsymmetricMultilayers
Reprintedfrom:Nanomaterials 2022,12,1887,doi:10.3390/nano12111887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
vi
About the Editors
RongmingWang
Rongming Wang, Ph.D., is a professor at the University of Science and Technology Beijing,
DirectoroftheBeijingKeyLaboratoryforMagneto-PhotoelectricalCompositeandInterfaceScience,
and Team Leader for Advanced Functional Material, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of
MaterialsGenomeEngineering.Hisresearchinterestsincludemagneticnanomaterials,transmission
electron microscopy, interface science, and materials genome engineering. He aims to figure out
thephysicalmechanismattheatomicscalebywhichmicrostructuresinfluencetheproperties. He
has published more than 260 SCI-indexed papers in reputable scientific journals with over 13,000
citations and a H-factor of 61. He has been recognized as a Highly Cited Chinese Researcher by
ElsevierforexceptionalresearchperformanceinthefieldofPhysics.
ShuhuiSun
ShuhuiSun,Ph.D.,isaprofessorintheCenterforEnergy,MaterialsandTelecommunications,
Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Canada. His research interests focus on
the rational design of advanced nanomaterials for clean energy conversion and storage, and
environmentalapplications. HeisaFellowoftheCanadianAcademyofEngineering(CAE,2022)
andaMemberoftheRoyalSocietyofCanada(CollegeofNewScholars,2020),andVicePresidentof
theInternationalAcademyofElectrochemicalEnergyScience(IAOEES).HeservesastheExecutive
Editor-in-ChiefofElectrochemicalEnergyReviews(EER,IF=32.8,Springer-Nature),AssociateEditor
ofSusMat(Wiley),andisaneditorialboardmemberofover10journals
vii
nanomaterials
Editorial
Editorial for the Special Issue: “Advanced Nanomaterials for
Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage”
ZhihongZhangandRongmingWang*
BeijingAdvancedInnovationCenterforMaterialsGenomeEngineering,BeijingKeyLaboratoryfor
Magneto-PhotoelectricalCompositeandInterfaceScience,InstituteforMultidisciplinaryInnovation,
SchoolofMathematicsandPhysics,UniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijing,Beijing100083,China
* Correspondence:[email protected]
Developingefficientandlow-costenergyconversionandstoragedevicesandtech-
nologiesisall-importantissueinordertoachievealow-carbonsociety,whoseperformance
essentiallydependsonthepropertiesofmaterials.Nanomaterialshavebeenextensively
demonstratedtohavegreatpotentialapplicationsinenergyconversionandstoragede-
vicesandtechnologies,i.e.,batteries,capacitors,electrocatalysis,andnanogenerators.On
theotherhand,torealizetheirpracticaluse,furtheroptimizationofthenanomaterials’
structuresandpropertiesisstillneeded.
ThisSpecialIssueaimstocommunicatetherecentadvancesofadvancednanomate-
rialsforenergyconversionandstorage. Itcoversthedesign,synthesis,properties,and
applicationsofadvancednanomaterialsforenergyconversionandstorage. Twelvere-
searchworksfocusonvariousnanomaterialsforbatteries, capacitors, electrocatalysis,
nanogenerators,andmagneticnanomaterials.Furthermore,tworeviewspresenttwokinds
oftwo-dimensional(2D)materials,namely2Damorphousnanomaterialsandphosphorus-
dopedgrapheneinelectrochemicalenergyconversionandstorage.Abriefoverviewofthe
publishedarticlesispresentedinthefollowing,andwehopetoprovideusefulinformation
Citation:Zhang,Z.;Wang,R. forpotentialreaders.
EditorialfortheSpecialIssue: Lithium–sulfur(Li-S)batteriesarereceivingincreasingattentionasnext-generation
“AdvancedNanomaterialsfor high-energy-densitystoragesystems.However,currently,Li-Sbatteriessufferfromlow
ElectrochemicalEnergyConversion volumetricenergydensityandpoorcyclingstabilityduetotheintrinsiclowconductivity
andStorage”.Nanomaterials2022,12, ofsulfuranditsdischargeproduct,lithiumpolysulfideshuttleeffect,andsoon. Many
3579. https://doi.org/10.3390/ strategies have been proposed to improve the performance of Li-S batteries, and one
nano12203579
effectivewayistodesignthe“adsorptive-catalytic”cathode.Chenetal.[1]developeda
Received:20September2022 three-dimensionallyorderedmacro/mesoporousNb2O5/Nb4N5throughinsitunitridation
Accepted:28September2022 to serve as a multi-functional sulfur host. The strong adsorption of Nb2O5 and high
Published:12October2022 conductivityandcatalyticactivityofNb4N5,combinedwiththeporousstructure,enable
Publisher’sNote:MDPIstaysneutral batterieswiththeS/Nb2O5/Nb4N5cathodetoexhibitexcellentcyclingstabilityandhigher
dischargecapacity.Wangetal.[2]adoptedsimilarconcepttoconstructcompositecathodes.
withregardtojurisdictionalclaimsin
publishedmapsandinstitutionalaffil- TheysynthesizedTiN@C/S/Ta2O5withhighsulfurfractionthroughasimpleandlow-
iations. costco-precipitationmethod. BenefitingfromthehighconductivityofTiN,thestrong
adsorptionofTa2O5,andthemicro-andmesoporousstructureofthemultidimensional
carbonstructure,thebatterieswithsuchcathodeshowedsuperiorcyclestabilityandhigh
arealcapacitywithahighsulfurutilization.
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Lithium–oxygen(Li-O2)batteriesalsohavehightheoreticalcapacity,butinpractice
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. theirenergydensityislessthanhalfthetheoreticalone,duetothegreatenergylossduring
Thisarticleisanopenaccessarticle thecharginganddischargingprocess.Designinghighlyactivecatalystwithlowcostand
distributed under the terms and greatstabilityisoneefficientwaytotackletheproblemandpromotethepracticaluseof
conditionsoftheCreativeCommons Li-O2batteries.Lietal.[3]fabricatedaCoFe2O4/g-C3N4compositecatalystwithCoFe2O4
Attribution(CCBY)license(https:// particlessupportedontheflakyg-C3N4usingascalablefacilemethod. BothCoFe2O4
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ andg-C3N4 canprovidereactivesitesforthedischarge–chargereaction,andtheflaky
4.0/).
Nanomaterials2022,12,3579.https://doi.org/10.3390/\nano12203579 1 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterials
Nanomaterials2022,12,3579
g-C3N4withahighspecificareaandhighchemicalstabilityenabledastrongmasstransfer
abilityandstablesupportforrestrainingtheaggregationofCoFe2O4particles.Underthe
synergisticeffectofCoFe2O4andg-C3N4,theLi-O2batteriesexhibitedimprovedcapacity
andstability.
Superconductorsareanotherimportantenergystoragedeviceswithadvantagesof
high-powerdensityandlonglifetime.Onetypeofsuperconductoristhepseudocapacitor,
wherereversiblefaradic-typeredoxreactionsoccurattheelectrodesurface.Syllaetal.[4]
preparedacompositeelectrodematerialforpseudocapacitors,whereMoO2andMo2C
nanostructureswereincorporatedintoapeanut-shell-activatedcarbon(PAC)network
viaaone-steppyrolysisroute. ThecompositecombinedthehighspecificareaofPAC,
thepseudocapacitiveeffectofMoO2,andthesuperiorconductivityandstabilityofthe
Mo2C,thusdeliveringexcellentcapacitiveperformancewhenusedaselectrodesina
symmetricsupercapacitor.
Intheenergyconversiondevices,thepropertiesofthecatalystdeterminetheirper-
formance,andthusdevelopinglow-cost,highlyactive,andstablecatalystsisofgreat
significancetorealizehigh-efficiencyandhigh-selectivityenergyconversion.Manynano-
materialsexhibitedvariousadvantagesascatalystsduetotheirhighspecificareawhich
canofferabundantactivesites. Carbon-baseddopednanomaterialsaresomeofmost
widely studied catalysts. Rong et al. [5] developed a self-template-assisted pyrolysis
routetoprepareathree-dimensionalnanoporouscarbonstructureco-dopedwithN/P/Fe.
Thesynthesisprocessissimple,avoidingtheextraprocessoftemplateremoval,andthe
distributionandcontentofN/P/Fecanbewellcontrolled.Thepreparedcatalystsexhib-
itedsuperioroxygenreductionreactioncatalyticactivityanddurabilitycomparedtothe
currentlyadvancedPt/Ccatalysts.
Two-dimensionalmaterialshavealsoattractedextensiveattentioninthecatalysis
field.Graphenehasahighspecificsurfacearea,highstability,andexcellentconductivity,
makingitapromisingcandidateforcatalyst.However,thepristinegrapheneissemimetal
withnobandgapandshowspoorcatalyticactivity.Heteroatomdopingcouldgreatlyalter
theelectronicpropertiesandimprovethecatalyticactivityofgraphene. Zhanetal.[6]
reviewedrecentadvancesinP-dopedgrapheneelectrocatalystsfortheoxygenreduction
reaction,includingthesynthesisandperformanceofthematerialsandcatalyticmechanism.
MXenes,asanewmemberof2Dmaterials,havealsobeendemonstratedtohavegreat
potentialintheelectrocatalysisprocess.Luoetal.[7]studiedhowtheFeatomadsorption
onpureordopedTi3C2O2affectedthecatalyticperformanceofthenitrogenreduction
reactionusingthedensityfunctionaltheory(DFT)Theyfoundthechargetransferofthe
adsorbedFeatomstoN2couldpromotethehydrogenationofN2andthusimprovethe
catalyticperformance.Two-dimensionalmaterialssupportedsingle-atomcatalystswhich
exhibituniquecatalyticperformance,representoneofthehottopicsinthecatalysisfield.
Zhaoetal.[8]designedasingle-atomcatalystAu/WSSebyfillingthesingleAuatom
attheSvacancysiteintheJanusWSSemonolayer. ByDFTcalculation,theyfoundthe
strong binding between the single Au atom and the WSSe resulted from the electron
transferandorbitalhybridizationbetweenAuandW.Moreover,thetensilestraininthe
supportcouldfurtherimprovetheelectrocatalyticperformanceinthehydrogenevolution
reactionoftheAu/WSSecatalyst. Infact,duetotheiruniquestructureandexcellent
properties,2Dmaterialshavebeenwidelyinvestigatedinelectrochemicalfields,notonly
theelectrocatalyst,butalsothebatteriesandsupercapacitor.Liuetal.[9]focusedonthe
2Damorphousnanomaterialsandsummarizedvariousregulationstrategies,including
compositionandstructuredesign,toenhancetheelectrochemicalperformanceforthe
batteries,supercapacitors,andelectrocatalysts.
Thenanogeneratorisakindofmirco-nanodevicethatcanrealizeenergyconversion.
Since the first piezoelectric nano-generator (PENG) came onto the scene, the concept,
mechanism,andapplicationsofnanogeneratorshavebeenwidelystudiedandmadegreat
progress.Zhuetal.[10]developedaself-poweredsportsensorwhichwascomposedofa
triboelectricnanogenerator(TENG),aPENG,andaflexibletransparentstretchableself-
2
Nanomaterials2022,12,3579
healinghydrogelelectrode.Thepreparedsensorisstretchable,wearable,andtransparent,
andcanbeusedtomonitorhumanthree-dimensionalmotions.
Magneticmaterialsprovideanalternatesourceofcleanandrenewableenergy,and
alsoplayanirreplaceableroleinenergyconversionandstorage.Researchesonthephysics
andpropertiesofmagneticmaterialsareessentialtorealizetheiroptimizationforenergy
application.Gaoetal.[11]preparedtheErFexMn12−xseriesalloysampleswithΔx=0.2us-
ingthearcmeltingmethod,andachievedadetailedmagneticphasediagramofthesamples.
Theyalsostudiedtheexchangebiaseffectandmagnetocaloriceffectinsuchamagnetic
alloy. Nano-magneticmaterialswithsmallsizeanduniquemagneticpropertieshave
playedvitalrolesinmanyfieldsandtheirpropertiescanbemodulatedbydistinctstrate-
gies.Duetal.[12]developedaself-assemblymethodtoprepareasinglelayerofaligned
Conanorodstoobtainimprovedmagneticperformance.Theyalsostudiedthemagnetic
interactionofConanorodswithdifferentshapes,offeringguidancetothemagnetostatic
interactionofshapeanisotropicmagneticnanostructures.Gaoetal.[13]investigatedthe
magneticandelectronicpropertiesofJanusMXene(M’MCO2,M’andM=V,Cr,andMn)
viafirst-principlescalculationsandtheyfoundthatthetransitionmetalandconfiguration
couldtunethebandgap,themagneticgroundstate,andthenetoutputmagneticmoments
oftheJanusMXenematerials. Theworkpointsoutanewpathtodesignandregulate
novelmagneticmaterials. Cuietal.[14]synthesizedlaterallyasymmetricheavymetal
(HM)/ferromagneticmetal(FM)multilayersbygrowingtheFMlayerinawedgeshape,
andstudiedfield-freespin–orbittorques(SOTs)switchingintheasymmetricmultilayers.
TheyfoundthattheswitchingefficiencystronglydependedontheHM/FMinterfaceand
theFMlayerthickness.
InthisSpecialIssue,someoriginalresearchworksandhigh-qualityreviewsonthe
advancednanomaterialsforenergyconversionandstoragearepresented,andwehope
thatthesearticlesproveinformativeandinstructiveforreaders.Theresearchinthisfieldis
boomingandgreatadvancesinthedevelopmentofefficient,clean,andsustainableenergy
devicesandtechnologiesareexpected.
Funding:ThisworkwassupportedbytheBeijingNaturalScienceFoundation(No.2212034),the
NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(Nos.51971025and12034002),andtheFundamental
ResearchFundsfortheCentralUniversities(Nos.06108248and06500235).
ConflictsofInterest:Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictofinterest.
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