Advanced Language Learning This page intentionally left blank Advanced Language Learning: The Contribution of Halliday and Vygotsky Edited by Heidi Byrnes continuum New Text Continuum The Tower Building 80 Maiden Lane 11 York Road Suite 704 London SE1 7NX New York, NY 10038 © Heidi Byrnes and contributors 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 0-8264-9071-9 (HB) ISBN: 978-0-8264-4308-3 (PB) Typeset by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group Contents List of Contributors vii List of Figures and Tables viii What kind of resource is language and why does it matter for advanced language learning? An introduction 1 Heidi Byrnes Part I: Theoretical Considerations in Advanced Instructed Learning 1 Educating for advanced foreign language capacities: exploring the meaning-making resources of languages systemic-functionally 31 Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen 2 Generalized collective dialogue and advanced foreign language capacities 58 James V Wertsch 3 Re (de)fining language proficiency in light of the concept of 'languaculture' 72 James R Lantolf Part II: Description and Pedagogy 4 Languaging, agency and collaboration in advanced second language proficiency 95 Merrill Swain 5 Grammar as a resource for the construction of language logic for advanced language learning in Japanese 109 Kazuhiro Teruya vi CONTENTS 6 The linguistic features of advanced language use: the grammar of exposition 134 MaryJ. Schleppegrell 7 Grammatical metaphor: academic language development in Latino students in Spanish 147 M. Cecilia Colombi 8 Creating textual worlds in advanced learner writing: the role of complex theme 164 Marianna V. Ryshina-Pankova 9 The dialogic construction of meaning in advanced L2 writing: Bakhtinian perspectives 184 Susan Strauss, Parastou Feiz, Xuehua Xiang and Dessislava Ivanova 10 Learning advanced French through SFL: learning SFL in French 204 Alice Caffarel Part III: Programmatic and Curricular Issues 11 Modelling a genre-based foreign language curriculum: staging advanced L2 learning 227 Cori Crane 12 Advanced language for intermediate learners: corpus and register analysis for curriculum specification in English for Academic Purposes 246 Nick Moore Index 265 List of Contributors Heidi Byrnes, Georgetown University Alice Caffarel, The University of Sydney M. Cecilia Colombi, The University of California, Davis Cori Crane, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Parastou Feiz, The Pennsylvania State University Dessislava Ivanova, The Pennsylvania State University James P. Lantolf, The Pennsylvania State University Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen, Macquarie University, Sydney Nick Moore, Etisalat University College, United Arab Emirates Marianna V. Ryshina-Pankova, George Mason University MaryJ. Schleppegrell, The University of Michigan Susan Strauss, The Pennsylvania State University Merrill Swain, The University of Toronto Kazuhiro Teruya, The University of New South Wales, Sydney James V. Wertsch, Washington University, St Louis Xuehua Xiang, The Pennsylvania State University List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 The dimensions organizing language in context - global dimensions, and local ones manifested fractally within each strata! subsystem 36 1.2 Metafunctional organization - lexicogrammar, ranks of clause and group 41 1.3 Stratification and instantiation in relation to learner's life line (ontogenesis) 43 1.4 Context-based text typology/topology based on Jean Ure's taxonomy of texts 46 1.5 The three semogenic processes of phylogenesis, ontogenesis and logogenesis in relation to the cline of instantiation 48 1.6 The interpersonal system of MODALITY, with indications of favoured selections in texts from two different registers 51 5.1 Contrast between the adversative and introductive types: 'from below' 120 5.2 Comparison between temporal immediacy and conditional potential: 'from above' 123 5.3 Semantic continuity of Subject and/or Theme in the clause complex 124 5.4 Cohesive conjunction and its external functional environment 127 5.5 'Global mapping' engendering logical meaning in clause complexing 129 6.1 ACTFL Descriptors for Writing 134 6.2 California ELD Standards for Writing- Advanced 135 9.1 'Labyrinthine.' Vocabulary list (excerpt) 190 10.1 La relation entre langage et contexte: realisation. 209 10.2 Course syllabus for 'Introduction a la Linguistique': approche fonctionnelle 214 10.3 The French clause complex system 218 11.1 Schematic structure of recount 232 11.2 Schematic structure of personal narrative 236 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ix 11.3 Schematic structure of DreiFreunde ('Three Friends') with linguistic features of temporality 237 12.1 Extract of Mood svstem 251 12.2 Probabilities of clause types in Locution and Idea process types 252 12.3 Frequency of simple, perfect and progressive aspects across text types (from Biber et al 1999: 461) 253 12.4 Frequency of modified and unmodified noun phrases, with type of modification, across text types (from Biber et al 1999: 578) ' 254 12.5 Formula for Register Variance Differential (RVD) 255 12.6 Distribution of the relative frequency of lexical items in a corpus 257 Tables 1.1 Advanced learners learning language, learning through language and learning about language 34 1.2 Combined function-stratification matrix and function-rank matrix (lexicogrammar) 40 4.1 Languaging: A microgenetic analysis for 'to fight tooth and nail'(Tocalli-Beller 2005) 103 5.1 Clause complex consisting of more than two clauses 111 5.2 Parataxis and hypo taxis 115 5.3 Tactic organization in English and Japanese 116 5.4 The dynamic movement of regressive and progressive logic 117 5.5 Structural conjunction ga: adversative and introductive type 119 5.6 Temporal immediacy realized by different structural conjunctions 121 6.1 Linguistic resources for exposition 137 7.1 The oral-written continuum (adapted from Halliday 1985) 149 7.2 Stages of language development (adapted from Halliday 1993 and Christie 2002b) 150 7.3 Grammatical m etaphor (adapted from Halliday 1998) 152 7.4 Class shift (semantic type) 152 7.5 Spanish adjectivization: semantic and grammatical junction 156 8.1 Communicative purposes of the moves of the genre 4Buchbesprechung/Buchempfehlung (book review, book recommendation) 168 8.2 Clausal themes across levels 171 8.3 Nominalized clausal themes in NNS texts 175 8.4 Lexically complex themes across levels 177 8.5 Structural variety in noun modification 177 10.1 Situation type and text type: instantiation dimension 207 10.2 A sample from the English-French glossary of SF terms 213 11.1 Genres represented among writing tasks across the GUGD undergraduate curriculum 231