Advanced Information Technologies for Industrial Material Flow Systems PDF
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Advanced Information Technologies for Industrial Material Flow Systems NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and Kluwer Academic Publishers Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London D Behavioural and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences F Computer and Springer-Verlag Systems Sciences Berlin Heidelberg New York G Ecological Sciences London Paris Tokyo H Cell Biology Series F: Computer and Systems Sciences Vol. 53 Advanced Information Technologies for Industrial Material Flow Systems Edited by Shimon Y Nof Colin L. Moodie School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advanced Information Technologies for Industrial Material Flow Systems held in Grenoble, France, June 13- 17,1988. ISBN-13: 978-3-642-74577-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-74575-1 DO I: 10.1007/978-3-642-74575-1 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edititon 1989 2145/3140-543210-Printed on acid-free paper PREFACE This book contains the results of an Advanced Research Workshop that took place in Grenoble, France, in June 1988. The objective of this NATO ARW on Advanced Information Technologies for Industrial Material Flow Systems (MFS) was to bring together eminent research professionals from academia, industry and government who specialize in the study and application of information technology for material flow contro!' The current world status was reviewed and an agenda for needed research was discussed and established. The workshop focused on the following subjects: The nature of information within the material flow domain. Status of contemporary databases for engineering and material flow. Distributed databases and information integration. Artificial intelligence techniques and models for material flow problem solving. Digital communications for material flow systems. Robotics, intelligent systems, and material flow contro!' Material handling and storage systems information and contro!' Implementation, organization, and economic research-issues as related to the above. Material flow control is as important as manufacturing and other process control in the computer integrated environment. Important developments have been occurring internationally in information technology, robotics, artificial intelligence and their application in material flow/material handling systems. In a traditional sense, material flow in manufacturing (and other industrial operations) consists of the independent movement of work-in-process between processing entities in order to fulfill the requirements of the appropriate production and process plans. Generally, information, in this environment, has been communicated from processors to movers. In modern, computerized environments, planning as well as sensing and communication are accomplished more or less automatically, and in a manner which synchronizes and integrates materials movement, material processing and information flow. Such systems, if properly controlled, offer substantial advantages for low cost production of high variety, low to medium order quantity items. As inferred above, information is a key factor in the operation of any production system, particularly a computer integrated one. This includes information sensing, communication, storage and processing: all vital to the effective planning and control of such systems. While readily recognizing the importance of information to material flow in computer integrated environments, it is evident that more research and development are necessary to improve the information advantage. For example, concepts of knowledge-bases to augment data-bases, object-oriented programming versus procedural programming and intelligent control systems need to be investigated further with respect to effective information control and utilization. Another example is how to generate, represent and communicate production information and process plans within the material processing VI and handling network. These issues, focusing on advanced information technology, are important to the future development of computer integrated material flow systems. We would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to the NATO Division of Scientific Affairs, who sponsored this workshop, and in particular to Dr. Craig Sinclair, Director of the ARW Programme, for his invaluable support in the organization of the meeting; the co-sponsors of the workshop: NSF Program on Computer Integrated Engineering, especially its director, Tony Woo; the European Research Office of the U.S. Air Force, especially Major Mel Townsend; F ACTROL, Inc., particularly its president, Hank Grant; The National Polytechnic Institute, Grenoble, France; and the School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University. We would also like to express our thanks to our distinguished colleagues and friends who participated in the Workshop and contributed so creatively to its success; the members of our organizing committee, Guy Doumeingts, Bob Hollier, Francois Roubellat, and Jocelyn Traccaz. Special thanks go to Louis Balme from INPG, who joined the organizing committee and, as our local liaison, shared with us the best of beautiful Grenoble; Nava Nof, for organizational support; Joyce Hinds and Barb Ford, for administrative support, and Barbara Kester from the NATO Publication Coordination Office for helping to bring this book to print. The book is organized in seven parts: The results of the research panels; Nature of information in MFS; Data and knowledge methodologies in MFS; Robotics and communication; Modeling issues of specific MFS functions; Integration models and techniques; and Implementation and Management issues. This Advanced Research Workshop was arranged because its unique focus has not been emphasized at other national and international conferences which consider artificial intelligence or information aspects of manufacturing. The output of the Workshop is expected to benefit those researchers who believe too much in information technology and neglect other aspects of the material flow control problem, and also, those researchers who have been so far disappointed in the rate of transfer of information technology research to actual applications. West Lafayette, Indiana Shimon Y. Nof November 1988 Colin 1. Moodie Table of Contents Preface. ........................................................................................................................ vii Part 1. The Nature of Information in Material Flow Systems Managing Information Complexity in Material Flow Systems James J. Solberg and Joseph A. Heim............................................................................ 3 Information Dynamics for Computer Integrated Product Realization Charles A. Fritsch........................................................................................................ 21 Some Interactions of Information and Control in Integrated Automation Systems Edward J. Barkmeyer................................................................................................... 39 Part 2. Data and Knowledge Methodologies in Material Flow Systems Distributed, Intelligent Information System for Automated, Integrated Manufacturing Systems Detlel M. Weber and Colin L. Moodie.......................................................................... 57 Applying Distributed Artificial Intelligence to Flexible Manufacturing Michael J. Shaw and Andrew B. Whinston................................................................... 81 Combining Predicate Transition Nets and Rule Based Systems for Planning, Programming and Exception Handling in Manufacturing Process Control R. Dillmann and U. Negretto ....................................................................................... 95 A Knowledge-Based System for Production Equipment Selection and Layout Andrew Kusiak and Sunderesh S. Heragu................................................................... 109 Specifications for Knowledge Representation in Intellligent Systems Layout Design Environments Benoit Montreuil........................................................................................................ 141 Part 3. Intelligent Robotics and Communications The Impact of Advances in Information Technology on Interactive Robotics Shimon Y. Nol ........................................................................................................... 171 The Karlsruhe Autonomous Mobile Assembly Robot Ulrich Rembold........................................................................................................... 189 VIII Knowledge Representation and Integration of Robot Assembly Applications S. Schneider ............................................................................................................... 201 Results of the Development of a Manipulator with a Very Large Reach Martin-Christoph Wanner and Alexander Schliessmann............................................. 215 Global Path Planning Approaches for Material Movements in a Worksite Jean-Claude Latombe ................................................................................................. 223 The Need for a Generic Framework for Systems Integration R. H. Weston, J. D. Gascoigne, C. M. Sumpter and A. Hodgson ............................... 279 Part 4. Modeling Issues of Material Flow Functions Some Issues in Controlling Integrated WIP Material Handling Systems Leon F. McGinnis...................................................................................................... 309 Tool Management and Its Implications for Material Flow A.S. Carrie and U.S. Rititci....................................................................................... 331 Issues in Design and Control of AS/RS Meir J. Rosenblatt...................................................................................................... 355 Knowledge Models for the Design and Management of Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems Abraham Seidmann.................................................................................................... 387 Guided Vehicle Systems: Information/Control System Implications of Alternative Design and Operation Strategies Yavuz A. Rozer .......................................................................................................... 417 Part 6. Integration Models and Techniques Materials Handling and Storage in Logistics Systems R.H. Hollier ............................................................................................................... 437 GRAI Approach to Designing and Controlling Advanced Manufacturing System in CIM Environment Guy Doumeingts......................................................................................................... 461 LLAMA: A Layered Logical Architecture for Material Administration H. V.D. Parunak and R. Judd ..................................................................................... 531 Simulation Techology for the Design and Scheduling of Material Handling and Storage Systems F. Hank Grant............................................................................................................ 563 Knowledge Based Approaches for Production Control: An Assessment Amitava Dutta............................................................................................................ 581 IX Part 6. Implementation and Management Issues Information Processing in Material Flow System Management Agostino Villa ............................................................................................................ 601 CIM System Development for Small to Medium Size Discrete-Parts Manufacturing Companies Robert E. Young ........................................................................................................ 637 An Approach to Solve Workshop Real Time Scheduling Problems Jacques Erschler and Francois Roubellat.................................................................... 651 Cybernetics Approach to Material Flow Control Detle! F. Pape ............................................................................................................ 681 Part 7. Research Panel Reports ......................................................................... 691 Nature of Information in Material Flow Systems
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