(cid:2) Advanced Fermentation and Cell Technology (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Advanced Fermentation and Cell Technology Volume 1 Byong H. Lee SportBiomics, CA, USA and Heilenex Pharma Inc., Toronto, Canada Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China McGill University and AAFC, Quebec, Canada (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Advanced Fermentation and Cell Technology Volume 2 Byong H. Lee SportBiomics, CA, USA and Heilenex Pharma Inc., Toronto, Canada Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China McGill University and AAFC, Quebec, Canada (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Thiseditionfirstpublished2022 ©2022JohnWiley&SonsLtd Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or transmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingor otherwise,exceptaspermittedbylaw.Adviceonhowtoobtainpermissiontoreusematerialfrom thistitleisavailableathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. TherightofByongH.Leetobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordance withlaw. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Lee,ByongH.,author. Title:Advancedfermentationandcelltechnology/ByongH.Lee, SportBiomics,CA,USAandHeilenexPharmaInc.,Toronto,Canada,KangwonNational University,Chuncheon,SouthKorea,JiangnanUniversity,Wuxi,China,McGillUniversityand AAFC,Quebec,Canada. Description:Hoboken,NJ,USA:Wiley-Blackwell,2022.|Includes bibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2020026477(print)|LCCN2020026478(ebook)|ISBN 9781119042761(cloth)|ISBN9781119042785(adobepdf)|ISBN 9781119042778(epub) Subjects:LCSH:Fermentation.|Industrialmicrobiology. Classification:LCCTP505.L442021(print)|LCCTP505(ebook)|DDC 660/.28449–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020026477 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020026478 CoverDesign:Wiley CoverImages:TubularbioreactorsfilledgreenalgaefixingCO2©SantiagoUrquijo/GettyImages, CulturesgrowingonPetridishes©WLADIMIRBULGAR/SCIENCEPHOTOLIBRARY/Getty Images,CARTcellimmunotherapy,illustration©KEITHCHAMBERS/SCIENCEPHOTO LIBRARY/GettyImages,BisonorAurochsinwinterseasonintheirhabitat©danm/Getty Images,CoronaVirusCopySpace©BlackJack3D/GettyImages,illustration3dDNASpinFuturistic digitalbackground,AbstractbackgroundforScienceandtechnology©Jackyenjoyphotography/ GettyImages Setin9/11ptandTimesTenLTStdbyStraive,Chennai,India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (cid:2) (cid:2) Contents Volume1 Preface ix OverviewonMarketSizeofBioproductsandFundamentalsofCellTechnology xiii PartI 1 1 MicrobialCellTechnology 1 1.1 Basicbacterialgrowthandmodeoffermentation 1 1.2 Basicfungalgrowth 22 (cid:2) (cid:2) 1.3 Classicalstrainimprovementsandtools 26 1.3.1 Naturalselectionandmutation 26 1.3.2 Recombination 30 1.4 Modernstrainimprovementandtools 32 1.4.1 Genomeshuffling 33 1.4.2 RecombinantDNAtechnology 34 Summary 58 1.4.3 RNAinterference(RNAi)andCRISPR/Castechnologyforgenomeediting 59 Summary 72 1.4.4 Molecularthermodynamicsanddown-streamprocessesonbioproducts 72 Summary 83 1.4.5 Proteinengineering 84 Summary 91 1.4.6 Genomics,proteomics,metagenomics,andbioinformatics 91 Summary 99 1.4.7 Systems/syntheticbiologyandmetabolicengineering 100 Summary 106 1.4.8 Quorumsensingandquenching 106 Summary 110 1.5 Bioengineeringandscale-upprocess 111 1.5.1 Microbialandprocessengineeringfactorsaffectingperformanceandeconomics 114 1.5.2 Fermenterandbioreactorsystems 114 1.5.3 Masstransferconcept 116 1.5.4 Heattransferconcept 120 1.5.5 Massandheattransferpractice 123 1.5.6 Scale-upandscale-downoffermentations 137 1.5.7 Scale-upchallenges 146 Summary 150 (cid:2) (cid:2) vi CONTENTS 1.6 Newbioprocessesoffermentation 150 1.6.1 Growth-arrestedbioprocesses 150 1.6.2 Integratedbioprocesses 154 1.6.3 Consolidatedbioprocessing(CBP) 158 Summary 160 Bibliography 161 PartII 173 2 ApplicationsofMicrobialFermentationtoFoodProducts,Chemicalsand Pharmaceuticals 173 2.1 Fermenteddairyproducts 173 2.1.1 Basicknowledgeofmanufactureofdairyproducts 177 2.1.2 Geneticengineeringoflacticacidbacteria 186 Summary 197 Bibliography 197 2.2 Fermentedmeatandfishproducts 199 2.2.1 Fermentedmeatproducts 199 2.2.2 Fermentedfishproducts 204 Summary 207 Bibliography 208 2.3 Fermentedvegetableandcerealproducts 209 2.3.1 Fermentedvegetableproducts 209 2.3.2 Fermentedcerealproducts 214 Summary 219 Bibliography 220 (cid:2) (cid:2) 2.4 Organicacids 220 2.4.1 Aceticacid 221 2.4.2 Citricacid 224 2.4.3 Lacticacid 225 2.4.4 Malicacid 227 2.4.5 Fumaricacid 228 Summary 229 Bibliography 230 2.5 Fermentation-derivedfoodandfeedingredients 231 2.5.1 Flavorsandaminoacids 232 Summary 247 2.5.2 Sweeteners 249 Summary 259 Bibliography 260 2.5.3 Vitaminsandpigments 264 Summary 274 Bibliography 274 2.5.4 Microbialpolysaccharidesandbiopolymers 276 Summary 291 Bibliography 293 2.6 Bacteriocinsandbacteriophages 296 2.6.1 Bacteriocins 296 2.6.2 Bacteriophage 307 Summary 309 Bibliography 310 2.7 Enzymes 314 Summary 330 Bibliography 331 2.8 Biomass(SCP)andmushrooms 332 (cid:2) (cid:2) CONTENTS vii 2.8.1 Biomass(SCP) 332 2.8.2 Mushrooms 343 Summary 347 Bibliography 347 2.9 Functionalfoodsandnutraceuticals 349 2.9.1 Probioticsandprebiotics 349 2.9.2 Microbiome 364 Summary 373 Bibliography 374 2.10 Alcoholicbeverages 385 2.10.1 Beer 386 2.10.2 Wine 393 Summary 400 Bibliography 401 2.11 Otherfermentationchemicals 401 2.11.1 Bioethanol 402 Summary 412 Bibliography 412 2.11.2 Biobutanol 414 Summary 424 2.11.3 Biobutanediol 425 Summary 433 Bibliography 434 2.11.4 Biodiesel 438 Summary 444 Bibliography 445 2.11.5 Biomethane 446 Summary 453 (cid:2) Bibliography 454 (cid:2) 2.11.6 Biohydrogen 455 Summary 465 Bibliography 465 2.12 Pharmaceuticals,growthpromoters,andbiopesticides 467 2.12.1 Antibiotics 467 2.12.2 Antibiotic(orantimicrobial)growthpromoters(AGPs) 489 Summary 496 Bibliography 498 2.12.3 Antitumordrugs 503 Summary 531 Bibliography 532 2.12.4 Steroids 536 2.12.5 Statins 551 Summary 561 Bibliography 562 2.12.6 Biopesticides 568 Summary 575 Bibliography 575 (cid:2)