Advanced Electrical Drives: Analysis, Modeling, Control

447 Pages·2020·40.317 MB·English

by  Rik W. De Doncker, Duco W.J. Pulle, André Veltman

Power Systems
Rik W. De Doncker
Duco W.J. Pulle
André Veltman
Advanced
Electrical
Drives
Analysis, Modeling, Control
Second Edition
Power Systems
Electrical power has been the technological foundation of industrial societies
for many years. Although the systems designed to provide and apply electrical
energyhavereachedahighdegreeofmaturity,unforeseenproblemsareconstantly
encountered,necessitatingthedesignofmoreefficientandreliablesystemsbasedon
noveltechnologies.ThebookseriesPowerSystemsisaimedatprovidingdetailed,
accurateandsoundtechnicalinformationaboutthesenewdevelopmentsinelectrical
powerengineering.Itincludestopicsonpowergeneration,storageandtransmission
as well as electrical machines. The monographs and advanced textbooks in this
series address researchers, lecturers, industrial engineers and senior students in
electricalengineering.
**PowerSystemsisindexedinScopus**
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/4622
Rik W. De Doncker • Duco W.J. Pulle
André Veltman
Advanced Electrical Drives
Analysis, Modeling, Control
Second Edition
RikW.DeDoncker DucoW.J.Pulle
ISEA-RWTHAachenUniversity EMsynergy
Aachen,Germany Milperra,Sydney,NSW,Australia
AndréVeltman
PiakElectronicDesignB.V.
Culemborg,TheNetherlands
Additionalmaterialtothisbookcanbedownloadedfromhttp://www.springer.com.
ISSN1612-1287 ISSN1860-4676 (electronic)
PowerSystems
ISBN978-3-030-48976-2 ISBN978-3-030-48977-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48977-9
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2011,2020
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InmemoryofProf.AndréJ.A.Vandenput
andProf.RobertD.Lorenzwhohave
inspiredtheauthors.
Foreword to the Second Edition
Itisveryappropriatethataneweditionofthistextbookisbeingpublishedatsuchan
excitingtimeinthehistoryofpowerelectronics,electricmachines,andadjustable-
speeddrives,aswellasthemanyapplicationsthatthesecriticaltechnologiesserve.
The electric power grid in developed parts of the world is in the early stages of
undergoing amajormodernization thatisunlikeanything ithasexperienced since
itsinitialinstallationacenturyago.Thisreimaginedgridischaracterizedbymajor
infusions of renewable energy sources (e.g., solar photovoltaic and wind power)
thatheavilydependonpowerelectronics,machines,anddrivesfortheirexistence.
Atthesametime,nearlyeverymajormodeoftransportationontheland,sea,andair
isinsomestageofbeingtransformedviaelectrification.Whilethishasbeenmost
apparent to many in the growing numbers of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road,
there are technology revolutions simultaneously underway in the electrification
of both ships and aircraft that offer major improvements in their efficiency and
performance while significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This cannot
happen soon enough in light of the seemingly endless stream of reports raising
alarms about the dangerous rise of the CO concentration in our atmosphere that
2
isapproachingtipping-pointlevels.
As these electrification opportunities blossom, so does power electronics tech-
nology,particularlyintheformofmaturingwide-bandgap(WBG)powersemicon-
ductor devices. The SiC- and GaN-based power devices that are now becoming
commercially available mark the vanguard of an unfolding revolution in power
electronics, much the same way that MOS-gated Si-based power semiconductors
in the form of IGBTs and power MOSFETs revolutionized power electronics 30
years ago. There is little doubt that major expansions in the future WBG-based
power device offerings combined with continuing advances in ruggedized power
electronics and additive manufacturing will lead to future generations of power
converters and machine drives that are much smaller, lighter, less expensive, and
morereliablethanthosethatareavailabletoday.
Againsttheexcitingbackdropofabundantapplicationsandimpressivetechnol-
ogy advances described above, this textbook offers students a highly organized
and comprehensive treatment of the modeling and control of electric drives for a
vii
viii ForewordtotheSecondEdition
wide range of electric machine types. Consistent with the observations made in
the foreword written 8 years ago by my dear late colleague, Prof. Robert Lorenz,
I would like to highlight the conscious efforts made by the authors to unify the
underlyingphysicalprinciples,modelingapproaches,andcontrolconceptsapplied
to the several classes of machine drives addressed in their book. The technical
material contained in this book provides the serious student a well-defined path
towards mastering the modeling and control of nearly all major classes of electric
drives, together with invaluable insights into how much these machines and their
drivesactuallyshareincommon.Themanyexamplesandsimulationbasedtutorials
that are provided throughout the book play a critical role in helping students to
visualize(literally)thenatureoftheseprinciplesandtheirinterrelationships.
Realizing the full potential of future breakthroughs in electric drive technology
indemandingapplicationswillrequirelargenumbersofhighlyqualifiedengineers
with the best possible education and training in this field to realize the exciting
futurevisionoutlinedabove.Aspiringstudentswhomasterthecompellingtechnical
materialpresentedinthistextbookwillhavemadeamajorsteptowardspreparing
themselves to leave their own personal mark on the fulfillment of that inspiring
collectivevision.
Madison,WI,USA ThomasM.Jahns
Foreword to the First Edition
The value of a textbook is largely determined by how well its structure supports
thereaderinmasteringthedepthandbreadthoftheintendedsubject.Thistextbook
providesastructurethatcanachievethatgoalforengineersseekingtomasterkey
technologiesforawiderangeofadvancedelectricaldrives.
To achieve that goal, this work wisely places very significant, but common
backgroundmaterialintheearlychapters,whereitintroducesthecoretopologiesof
powerconvertersandthekeyissuesneededtounderstandandapplypracticalpower
electronic converters. It also lays a sound foundation for understanding the two
fundamentalapproachesforcurrentregulators:hysteresiscontrolandmodelbased
control. By providing a sound and detailed background on power converters and
currentregulators,therestofthetextisabletofocusontheadvancedelectricaldrive
concepts that are unique to the major classes of machines: DC, AC synchronous
machines,ACinductionmachines,andswitchedreluctancemachines.
Commonstructuresareusedtogreatadvantage.Todevelopacommonbasisfor
modelingandcontrol,ACsynchronousandACinduction(asynchronous)machines
are modeled using an ideal rotating transformer. Common modules are used to
provide uniformity in the discussion between the various machine types and to be
directlycompatiblewithasimulationmodelingenvironment.Asimilarstructureis
extensivelyusedforthecontrolmodulesthatfollowthemachinemodules.
The text’s separation of machine modeling from drive control is very helpful.
Machine modeling lays a foundation such that controls can logically sequence
fromclassicaltoadvanceddrivemethodologies.Theinclusionofbothsurfaceand
interiorpermanentmagnetsynchronousmachinesisparticularlyrelevantsincethose
machinesarebeginningtodominatemanyapplications.Thesignificanttreatmentof
fieldweakeningoperationisalsocritical.Theinclusionoflimitssuchasmaximum
current,maximumflux,maximumtorqueperflux,andmaximumtorqueperampere
makestherangeofoperationofthemachinedrivesverytransparent.Theuniversal
field-orientedcontrolstructureisaptlyusedtounifythesubsequentpresentationof
indirectanddirectfieldorientationcontrolmethods.
AverycleartransitionismadefrompredominatelyLorentzforcebasedmachines
topurelyreluctancetorque-basedmachines.Thedetailedmodelingandevaluation
ix
x ForewordtotheFirstEdition
of switched reluctance machines allow drives engineers to correctly model the
inherently pulsating torque that each phase provides. The treatment of saturation
anditseffectonpowerconversionleadsnicelyintoevaluationofdriveswiththese
properties.Byincludingarigorousdiscussionofclassicalhysteresiscurrentcontrol
and multi-phase direct instantaneous torque control, the reader can appreciate the
structure needed for high-performance control of torque in switched reluctance
drives.
Throughout the text, extensive tutorials tie modules that codify key concepts
in the theory, to their implementation in a simulation environment. This makes it
possible for the reader to quickly explore details and develop confidence in their
masteryofmajorconceptsforadvancedelectricaldrives.
Byfollowingtheapproachofthisbook,Ibelievethatadvanceddriveengineers
willbeabletodevelopdepthandbreadththatisnotnormallyeasytoachieve.
Madison,WI,USA RobertD.Lorenz