Advanced Computational Intelligence Paradigms in Healthcare 5

235 Pages·2011·3.485 MB·English

SherylBrahnamandLakhmiC.Jain(Eds.)
AdvancedComputationalIntelligenceParadigmsinHealthcare5
StudiesinComputationalIntelligence,Volume326
Editor-in-Chief
Prof.JanuszKacprzyk
SystemsResearchInstitute
PolishAcademyofSciences
ul.Newelska6
01-447Warsaw
Poland
E-mail:[e-mail]
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JanuszKacprzyk(Eds.) AdvancedComputationalIntelligenceParadigmsin
ComputationalIntelligenceinEngineering,2010 Healthcare5,2010
ISBN978-3-642-15219-1 ISBN978-3-642-16094-3
Sheryl Brahnam and Lakhmi C.Jain (Eds.)
Advanced Computational
Intelligence Paradigms
in Healthcare 5
Intelligent Decision Support Systems
123
Dr.SherylBrahnam
AssociateProfessor
MissouriStateUniversity
ComputerInformationSystems
901SouthNationalAvenue,Springfield,MO65804,USA
E-mail:[e-mail]
Prof.LakhmiC.Jain
ProfessorofKnowledge-BasedEngineering
UniversityofSouthAustralia
MawsonLakesCampus,SouthAustralia,Australia
E-mail:[e-mail]
ISBN 978-3-642-16094-3 e-ISBN 978-3-642-16095-0
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-16095-0
Studiesin Computational Intelligence ISSN1860-949X
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Preface
As we enter the second decade of the 21st century, we are witnessing a radical
transformation in medical care. Healthcare is becoming increasingly digital and
globalized. Huge stockpiles of disparate medical information are being collected.
Technologies, such as cell phones, are making unexpected headway into disease
control and prevention in third world countries. Telemedicine is increasingly be-
coming a reality, and it is the norm now for medical diagnosis and healthcare to
depend on the coordinated efforts of multiple units and teams of experts. As a
result, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) has branched out. No longer
solely concerned with medical diagnosis and symbolic models of disease, or clini-
cal encounters [1], it now embraces medical education, telemedicine, data mining,
and intelligent system design.
The chapters in this volume provide the reader a glimpse of the current state of
the art in intelligent support system design in the field of healthcare. We are be-
ginning to see an outcome in the use of these systems that was once thought
unlikely [2]: intelligent systems are in fact reshaping medicine and medical prac-
tice. Computer systems are doing more than simply storing, retrieving, organizing,
and analyzing information [2]. As shown in the chapters in this book, these sys-
tems are changing the form as well as the substance of healthcare. They are pro-
ducing new knowledge, choreographing players in complicated medical proce-
dures, bringing top notch medical care into regions formerly lacking any care, and
enabling medical practitioners to visualize, invent, and perform new procedures.
These systems are also navigating the environmental challenges in healthcare as it
continues to face more oversight from governmental agencies and more pressure
to curtail costs.
We wish to express our gratitude to the authors and reviewers for their vision
and innovative contributions. It is our privilege to introduce their work to a
broader audience.

Sheryl Brahnam, USA
Lakhmi C. Jain, Australia
VI Preface
References
[1] Clancey, W.J., & Shortliffe, E.H. (Eds.). (1984). Readings in medical artificial
intelligence: The first decade. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
[2] Szolovits, P. (Ed.). (1982). Artificial Intelligence and Medicine. Boulder, CO:
Westview Press.
Advanced Computational Intelligence
Paradigms in Healthcare: Further Readings
[1] S. Brahnam and L.C. Jain (Editors) Advanced Computational Intelligence Paradigms
in Healthcare 6: Virtual Reality in Psychotherapy, Rehabilitation, and Assessment,
Springer-Verlag, 2010.
[2] S. Brahnam and L.C. Jain (Editors) Advanced Computational Intelligence Paradigms
in Healthcare 5: Intelligent Decision Support Systems, Springer-Verlag, 2010.
[3] Bichindaritz, S. Vaidya, A. Jain and L.C. Jain (Editors) Advanced Computational
Intelligence Paradigms in Healthcare 4: Advanced Methodologies, Springer-Verlag,
2010.
[4] M. Sardo, S. Vaidya and L.C. Jain (Editors) Advanced Computational Intelligence
Paradigms in Healthcare 3, Springer-Verlag, 2008.
[5] S. Vaidya, L.C. Jain and H. Yoshida (Editors) Advanced Computational Intelligence
Paradigms in Healthcare 2, Springer-Verlag, 2008.
[6] H. Yoshida, A. Jain, A. Ichalkaranje, L.C. Jain and N. Ichalkaranje (Editors) Ad-
vanced Computational Intelligence Paradigms in Healthcare 1, Springer-Verlag, 2007.
[7] N. Ichalkaranje, A. Ichalkaranje and L.C. Jain (Editors) Intelligent Paradigms for
Assistive and Preventive Healthcare, Springer-Verlag, 2006.
[8] D. Husmeier, R. Dybowski and S. Roberts (Editors) Probabilistic Modelling in Bioin-
formatics and Medical Informatics, in Advanced Information and Knowledge Process-
ing Series edited by L.C. Jain and X. Wu Springer-Verlag, 2005.
[9] B. Silverman, A. Jain, A. Ichalkaranje, L.C. Jain (Editors) Intelligent Paradigms in
Healthcare Enterprises, Springer-Verlag, 2005.
[10] H.-N. Teodorescu and L.C. Jain (Editors) Intelligent Systems and Technologies in
Rehabilitation Engineering, CRC Press, USA, 2001.
[11] A. Jain, A. Jain, S. Jain and L.C. Jain (Editors) Artificial Intelligence Techniques in
Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis, World Scientific, 2000.
[12] H.-N. Teodorescu, A. Kandel and L.C. Jain (Editors) Soft Computing in Human Re-
lated Sciences, CRC Press, USA, 1999.
[13] H.-N. Teodorescu, A. Kandel and L.C. Jain (Editors) Fuzzy and Neuro-fuzzy Systems
in Medicine, CRC Press, USA, 1999.
Editors
Sheryl Brahnam is the Director/Founder of Missouri
State University's infant COPE (Classification Of Pain
Expressions) project. Her interests focus on face recog-
nition, face synthesis, medical decision support sys-
tems, protein descriptors, embodied conversational
agents, computer abuse, and artificial intelligence.
She has published a number of articles related to medi-
cine in such journals as Artificial Intelligence in Medi-
cine, Expert Systems with Applications, Journal of
Theoretical Biology, Amino Acids, Neural Computing
and Applications, and Decision Support Systems.

Lakhmi C. Jain is a Director/Founder of the Knowledge-
based Intelligent Engineering Systems (KES) Centre,
University of South Australia. He is a fellow of the En-
gineers Australia. He has initiated a postgraduate stream
by research in the KES area. His interests focus on the
applications of novel techniques such as knowledge-
based systems, virtual systems, multi-agent intelligent
systems, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms,
and the application of these techniques.
Contents
Contents

Part I: Clinical Decision Support Systems
1 Intelligent Decision Support Systems in Healthcare……………………. 3
Sheryl Brahnam, Lakhmi C. Jain
1 Introduction.................................................................................................3
2 Decision Support in Healthcare...................................................................4
3 Conclusion...................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................8
Further Reading................................................................................................9

2 Virtualizing Health Records in the Context of Government
Regulations…………………………………………………………………. 11
Michael Meehan
1 Overview and History of Health Records..................................................11
1.1 Medical Records over Time..............................................................12
1.2 Virtual vs. Physical Medical Records...............................................13
2 Clinical Research Organizations...............................................................14
2.1 The FDA Approval and Drug-Comparison Processes......................14
2.2 Virtualizing the FDA Approval Process...........................................15
2.3 The Current and Future Virtualization of Health Records................23
3 Conclusion.................................................................................................25
References......................................................................................................25

3 Towards Decentralised Clinical Decision Support Systems…………….. 27
Paolo Besana, Adam Barker
1 Introduction...............................................................................................27
2 Medical Guidelines....................................................................................29
3 Case Study: Assessment for Breast Cancer...............................................30
4 Centralised and Distributed Models..........................................................30
5 The OpenKnowledge Approach................................................................33
5.1 Sharing Choreographies....................................................................33
5.2 The OpenKnowledge Framework.....................................................34
6 Related Work.............................................................................................39
6.1 Choreography Languages.................................................................39
6.2 Modelling Support............................................................................40
6.3 Techniques in Data Flow Optimisation.............................................41
7 Conclusion and Future Work.....................................................................41
References......................................................................................................42