Advanced Combustion and Aerothermal Technologies: Environmental Protection and Pollution Reductions PDF
Preview Advanced Combustion and Aerothermal Technologies: Environmental Protection and Pollution Reductions
Advanced Combustion and Aerothermal Technologies NATO Science for Peace and Security Series This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS). The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3)NATO, Partner and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are generally "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings.The meetings are co- organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or "Mediterranean Dialogue" countries.The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of parti- cipants and contributors only;they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy. Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division. Sub-Series A. Chemistry and Biology Springer B. Physics and Biophysics Springer C. Environmental Security Springer D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press http://www.nato.int/science http://www.springer.com http://www.iospress.nl Series C:Environmental Security Advanced Combustion and Aerothermal Technologies Environmental Protection and Pollution Reductions edited by Nick Syred Cardiff University, UK and Artem Khalatov National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advanced Combustion and Aerothermal Technologies: Environmental Protection and Pollution Reductions Kiev, Ukraine 15 –19 May2006 AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4020-6514-9 (PB) ISBN 978-1-4020-6513-2 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-6515 -6 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2007 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. CONTENTS Preface ix POWER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Generation and Alleviation of Combustion Instabilities in Swirling Flow 3 N. Syred Modern Trends of Power Engineering Development 21 A. F. Rizhkov, V. E. Silin, N. S. Sharef, and E. V. Tokar Influence of the Heat-and-Power Plants of Ukraine on the Environment and Primary Ways of Pollution Reduction 31 A. S. Babyak, A. A. Khalatov, and S. V. Shevtsov Techniques to Limit NO Emissions 47 X L. Szecowka and M. Poskart Development of Energy Technology for Burning Brown Coal with a Selection of Iron Liquid Slag, Together with Carbon Dioxide Utilization 55 M. J. Nosirovich Intensified Fluidized Bed Burning of the Angren Brown Coal Containing an Increased Amount of Ash 65 R. Babahodzhaev Thermodynamics of Modern Low-Emission (Low-NO ) Processes X in the Combustion of Hydrocarbon Fuels 73 B. Soroka Current Status and Challenges within Fluidized Bed Combustion 87 M. Hupa Fluidized Bed Combustion is the Universal Technology of Firing Fossil Fuels and Various Types of Wastes 103 V. A. Borodulya v vi CONTENTS SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION TECHNIQUES AND AUGMENTATION Plasma-Supported Coal Combustion Modeling and Full-Scale Trials 115 V. E. Messerle and A. B. Ustimenko Investigation of Pulverized Coal Combustion 131 A. P. Burdukov and V. I. Popov Solid Fuel Plasma Gasification 141 V. E. Messerle and A. B. Ustimenko ENVIRONMENTAL AND RELATED STUDIES Some Advances in Two-Phase Thermofluid Research for Environmental Protection and Pollution Reduction 159 P. J. Bowen CFD Modeling of Gas Release and Dispersion: Prediction of Flammable Gas Clouds 179 V. M. Agranat, A. V. Tchouvelev, Z. Cheng, and S. V. Zhubrin Turbulent Combustion and Thermal Radiation in a Massive Fire 197 A. Yu. Snegirev and S. A. Isaev Mathematical Model of Filtered Isolation in a High-Temperature Furnace with Oriented Injection of the Cooler 211 E. D. Sergievskij BIOMASS AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS Development of Biomass and Gas Cofiring Technology to Reduce Greenhouse Gaseous Emissions 221 I. Barmina, A. Descņickis, A. Meijere, and M. Zake Investigations of Institute for Engineering Thermophysics (Thermogasdynamics Department) in the Area of Combustion and Gasification of Alternative Fuels 231 A. A. Khalatov, I. I. Borisov, S. G. Kobzar, G. V. Kovalenko, and O. E. Khlebnikov C ONTENTS vii Combined Energetic and Environmental Fundamentals of Selection of the Fuel Type to Ensure the Production Processes: Theory and Applications 247 P. Sandor and B. Soroka Reduction and Treatment of Waste in Power Generation 259 A. J. Griffiths and K. P. Williams BOILERS, FURNACES AND RELATED SYSTEMS Cleaning of Flue Gases of Thermal Power Stations from Ash and Sulfur Dioxide by Emulsifier: Wet Cleaning Unit 275 S. Borysenko, L. Malyy, G. Bykovchenko, L. Badakva, Y. Korchevy, and A. Maystrenko Advanced High-Efficiency and Low-Emission Gas-Fired Drum-Drying Technology 285 Y. Chudnovsky and A. Kozlov The Organization of Internal Recirculation of Smoke Gases in Reversive Water-Cooled Chambers of Combustion of Boilers for their Modernization 299 V. Demchenko, A. Dolinskiy, and A. Sigal Engine Emission Control Using Optimized Cooling Air Distribution between Combustor and Turbine Hot Section 317 B. Glezer The Influence of Moisture in Air on the Working Efficiency of Boilers in the Industrial and Municipal Energy Sectors 331 A. I. Sigal and A. A. Dolinsky NEW AND NOVEL TECHNIQUES FOR POWER SYSTEMS Flameless Oxidation Technology 343 A. Milani and J. G. Wünning Pulse Detonation Engines: Advantages and Limitations 353 N. Smirnov viii CONTENTS The Trapped Vortex Combustor: An Advanced Combustion Technology for Aerospace and Gas Turbine Applications 365 C. Bruno and M. Losurdo The Role of Fuel Cells in Generating Clean Power and Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions 385 S. A. Ali Active Electric Control of Emissions from Swirling Combustion 405 I. Barmina, A. Desņickis, A. Meijere, and M. Zake Influence of Gas Discharge Plasma on Combustion of a High-Speed Hydrocarbon Flow 413 V. M. Shibkov, V. G. Gromov, and R. S. Konstantinovskij Variable Fuel Placement Injector Development 425 K. D. Brundish, M. N. Miller, L. C. Morgan, and A. J. Wheatley Comparative Study of Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Evaporation Models for Vaporizing Droplet Arrays at High-Pressure 445 G. Lamanna, H. Sun, M. Schüler, B. Weigand, D. Magatti, and F. Ferri Results of Environmental Retrofit for Gas Pipeline Gas-Pumping Units 457 A. Soudarev, S. Vesely, E. Vinogradov, and Y. Zakharov Application of Advanced Technologies in Production of Low Emission Combustors and Turbine Components 473 N. Turoff PREFACE The NATO Advanced Workshop “Advanced Combustion and Aerothermal Technologies: Environmental Protection and Pollution Reductions” was held in Kiev (Ukraine) from 15 to 19 May 2006 and was organized by the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics (Ukraine) and Cardiff University (UK). This Workshop based on the long-term collaboration between the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics and Cardiff University resulted in a first NATO Scientific Prize received by Professor N. Syred, UK, and Professor A. Khalatov in 2002, who served as Workshop codirectors. The justification for this Workshop was based upon the perceived need for the bringing together of research in a number of combustion and aerothermal- related areas, so as to allow more rapid progress to be made. The primary Workshop objectives were to assess the existing knowledge on advanced combustion and aerothermal technologies providing reduced environmental impact, to identify directions for future research in the field, and to promote the close relationships and business contacts between scientists from the NATO and partner countries. This synergy in research and development is essential if advances in specific areas are to be widely utilized, whilst helping to cross- fertilize other areas and stimulate new developments. Of especial importance is the dissemination of concepts and ideas evolved in the aerospace industries into other related areas, whilst encouraging contacts, research exchanges, and inter- actions between engineers and scientists in the NATO and partner countries. The Workshop program included keynote lectures, oral and roundtable discussions; the subjects addressed were as follows: • A critical review of the use of swirling, cyclonic and vortex flow for stabilization of high-intensity flames and associated problems • A critical review of the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and advanced numerical modeling • A review of the application of advanced diagnostics to flames and high- temperature systems • A critical review of advances in gas turbine technologies and what directions future work needs to take • Clean combustion of alternative fuels for industrial gas turbines • Circulating fluidized beds for solid fuel combustion • Minimization, utilization, and energy recovery from wastes • Improvements to drying technologies through application of advanced combustion technologies • Multifluid models of turbulent combustion • Fuel cell power generation ix x PREFACE These carefully chosen subjects were felt to cover the critical areas of combustion and aerothermal research and development where rapid progress is needed to improve performance in terms of efficiency, compactness, and emissions. This was a very timely and successful Workshop which brought together experts from the NATO and other countries to discuss increasing concerns about emissions. The dramatic increasing price of fuels over the last 5 years means that every effort has to be made to spread best practice and cross-fertilize as many areas as possible for mutual benefit. The editors take pleasure in acknowledging the cooperation and involvement of the NATO Science Committee, who have made this workshop possible. The outstanding work of the publishers, Springer, removed much of the onus for author and editor alike in the preparation of this book. Finally, we express our profound gratitude to the authors of the individual papers, who have worked so competently and conscientiously to provide this extremely important collection. CODIRECTORS Prof e ssor Syred N . UK Professor Khalatov A. Uk raine INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE Professo r Dolinsky A . Uk raine Professor Burdukov A. Ru ssia Professo r Sudarev A . Ru ssia Dr. Spratt M . UK Dr. Sy A. Al i USA LOCAL COMMITTEE Dr. Kuzmin A. Dr. Shevtsov S. Mr. Lisovsky A. Mrs. Shikhabutinova O.
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