Advanced building technologies for sustainability

258 Pages·34.39 MB·English

by  Asif Syed

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ADVANCED BUILDING
TECHNOLOGIES FOR
SUSTAINABILITY

ASIF SYED
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved
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Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Syed, Asif.
Advanced building technologies for sustainability / Asif Syed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-54603-1 (cloth); 978-1-118-24121-9 (ebk); 978-1-118-24127-1 (ebk);
978-1-118-25973-3 (ebk); 978-1-118-25980-1 (ebk); 978-1-118-26019-7 (ebk)
1. Sustainable buildings. 2. Sustainable design. 3. Building—Technological
innovations. I. Title.
TH880.S94 2012
720'.47—dc23
2011036328
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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This book is dedicated to my father, S. A. Sattar.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thank you to my family, Miraj, Azhad, and Rabia for your understanding, support,
and patience.
Thank you to my mentors and supporters, M. M. Mohiuddin, Erv Bales, Thomas
Gilligo, Marc Lorusso, Peter Flack, Norman Kurtz, Alan Zlotkowski, Lenny Koven, and
Paul Bello.
Thank you to my editors, Kathryn M. Bourgoine, Doug Salvemini, and Danielle
Giordano.

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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION viii
Chapter 1 SUSTAINABILITY AND ENERGY 1
Quality of Life Benefits 7
Finite Fossil Fuel Resources 8
Greenhouse Gases 10
Profits and Savings from Energy Efficiency 11
Site-to-Source Effect 12
New LEED Version 2009 13
Per Capita Energy Consumption 14
Building Energy End-Use Splits, People Use Energy 15
Carbon Footprint 17
Funding Opportunities 19
Chapter 2 RADIANT COOLING 21
History 21
Introduction 23
Why Radiant Cooling? 26
Applications 28
Radiant Cooling and Historic Preservation 39
Chapter 3 DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION 41
History 41
Introduction 42
Conventional or Mixed-Air Systems 42
Difference Between Displacement and Underfloor
Air Distribution (UFAD) 47
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vi CONTENTS
Applications 48
Large Public Spaces (Cafeterias, Dining Halls, Exhibit Spaces) 48
Chapter 4 CHILLED BEAMS 61
Principle of Operation and Technology 62
Benefits of Chilled Beams 63
Types of Chilled Beams 67
Chilled Beam Applications 72
Chilled Beam Use with Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD)
Applications 78
Chapter 5 UNDERFLOOR AIR DISTRIBUTION UFAD 83
Validation of UFAD Designs with CFD Analysis 91
Impact on Buildings 95
Chapter 6 DISPLACEMENT INDUCTION UNITS DIU 101
Benefits of Displacement Induction Units 103
History of Induction Units 106
Applications 107
Chapter 7 HIGHPERFORMANCE ENVELOPE 115

Engaging and Nonengaging Envelopes 116
High-Performance Envelope Definition 117
Most Common Energy Codes: ANSI and ASHRAE 90.1 118
Glazing Characteristics 123
How to Exceed the Mandatory Code Performance 128
Chapter 8 THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 145
Renewable Energy Storage 146
Conventional Air Conditioning Systems 153
Nonrenewable Energy Storage 156
Chapter 9 SOLAR ENERGY AND NETZERO
BUILDINGS 163
Net-Zero Step 1: Harvesting Solar Energy 166
Solar Energy in Net-Zero Buildings 177
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CONTENTS vii
Net-Zero Step 2: Improve Energy Efficiency of the Building and Its Mechanical
and Electrical Systems 181
Net-Zero Step 3: Reduce Consumption 183
Chapter 10 GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS 185
Introduction 185
Geothermal Heat Pumps 190
Types of Heat Pumps 198
Chapter 11 COGENERATION 205
Other Applications of Cogeneration 207
Cogeneration Technologies 211
Micro-Cogeneration or Combined Heat and
Power (Micro-CHP) 221
Chapter 12 DATA CENTER SUSTAINABILITY 223
History of Data Centers 224
2011: Top Ten Trends in Data Centers 225
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) 226
Technologies That Can Benefit Data

Center Efficiency 230
Office Building Applications 234
Air Management in the Data Center 237
INDEX 239
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INTRODUCTION
IT HAS BEEN A HUMBLING EXPERIENCE for me to be part of several high-profi le
projects in the United States and internationally. Most of these projects had some
form of a different approach than conventional systems and almost all of them
involved integration between different disciplines of the building design. After com-
pleting the projects, some of which were very high profi le and received a lot of media
publicity, I was approached by building industry professional organizations to speak
about the projects. When I did so, it came as a big surprise to me that most people
in the industry were not familiar with the new and advanced technologies available.
Most people who attended these simple lectures were very curious. The most com-
mon question was how they could implement these technologies in their projects.
Though most of the technologies were basic, they were different from the conven-
tional industry standards. I saw a great desire in all sectors of the building industry to
learn these new and advanced approaches and technologies and implement them in
their projects. The problem I saw was that different sectors of the building indus-
try required different levels of information or detail s about these technologies. It
was important for architects to integrate these new and advanced technologies into
buildings. The contractors were interested in the availability of materials and prod-
ucts, and in how much they cost, compared to the conventional approach. The own-
ers, building developers, and users wanted to make sure the technologies worked
and that the associated costs were justifi ed. A common question: Was the pay back
suffi cient to offset the savings in energy? The engineers were concerned about
the liabilities of trying out new systems and were curious about how to perform the
calculations, which they had not been taught, and which were not available in most
books or software. To a great degree, I saw that most of the building professionals
acknowledged the benefi ts.
The challenge and opportunity I faced was to write a book that would be ben-
efi cial to all sectors of the building industry. The information it contained must not
overwhelm any one sector or be too little for another who wants to implement these
technologies in their projects. I have tried my best to reach an optimum balance of
information, neither too much nor too little. Drawing on my thirty years of experience
of working with contractors, construction managers, project managers, owners, archi-
tects, end users, and equipment vendors, I have tried to do my best to balance out the
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