Advanced biometrics

336 Pages·2018·13.853 MB·English

by  Lu, Guangming, Zhang, David, Zhang, Lei

David Zhang · Guangming Lu
Lei Zhang
Advanced
Biometrics
Advanced Biometrics
David Zhang (cid:129) Guangming Lu (cid:129) Lei Zhang
Advanced Biometrics
DavidZhang GuangmingLu
TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity ShenzhenGraduateSchool
HongKong,China HarbinInstituteofTechnology
Shenzhen,China
LeiZhang
TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity
HongKong,China
ISBN978-3-319-61544-8 ISBN978-3-319-61545-5 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-61545-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017946764
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Preface
Biometric technologies, such as fingerprint, face, iris, and palmprint, have been
wellstudiedandintroducedinmanyresearchbooks.However,thesetechnologies
havetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages,andthereisnotonekindofbiometric
technologythatcanbefitfordifferentapplications. Manynewbiometrictechnol-
ogieshavebeendevelopedinrecentyears,especiallyforsomenewapplications.
Thisbookdescribessomenewbiometrictechnologies,suchasHigh-Resolution
fingerprint, Finger-Knuckle-Print, Hand back skin texture, 3D fingerprint,
Tongueprint, and 3D ear. There are 15 chapters, and except the overview chapter
(Chap. 1)and recapitulation chapter (Chap. 15), the other13 chapters are divided
into four parts, including High-Resolution Fingerprint Recognition, Finger-
Knuckle-Print Verification, Other Hand-Based Biometrics, and Some New Head-
Based Biometrics. Many efficient feature extraction, matching, and fusion algo-
rithms are introduced, and some potential systems have been developed in
thisbook.
A comprehensive introduction to both theoretical issues and practical imple-
mentation in biometric authentication is given in this book. It will serve as a
textbookorasausefulreferenceforgraduatestudentsandresearchersinthefields
of computer science, electrical engineering, systems science, and information
technology.ResearchersandpractitionersinindustryandR&Dlaboratorieswork-
ingonsecuritysystemdesign,biometrics,immigration,lawenforcement,control,
andpatternrecognitionwillalsofindmuchofinterestinthisbook.
The work is supported by the NSFC funds under project No. 61271344 and
61332011, Shenzhen Fundamental Research fund JCYJ20150403161923528,
JCYJ20140508160910917, and Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent
Computation,Shenzhen,China.
HongKong,China DavidZhang
Harbin,China GuangmingLu
HongKong,China LeiZhang
Feb2017
v
Contents
1 Overview.. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 1
1.1 WhyBiometrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 HistoryofBiometrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 BiometricsSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 RecentBiometricsDevelopment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.1 Multi-biometrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.2 3DBiometrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4.3 MultispectralBiometrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 ArrangementofThisBook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
PartI HighResolutionFingerprintRecognition
2 HighResolutionPartialFingerprintAlignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.1 HighResolutionPartialFingerprint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.2 FingerprintAlignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.3 PartialFingerprintAlignmentBasedonPores. . . . . . . 19
2.2 FeatureExtraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.1 RidgeandValleyExtraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.2 PoreExtraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.3 Pore-ValleyDescriptors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3 PVD-BasedPartialFingerprintAlignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4 Experiments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4.1 TheDataset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.4.2 TheNeighborhoodSizeandSamplingRate. . . . . . . . . 29
2.4.3 CorrespondingFeaturePointDetection. . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.4.4 AlignmentTransformationEstimation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
vii
viii Contents
2.4.5 PartialFingerprintRecognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.4.6 ComputationalComplexityAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.5 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3 FingerprintPoreModelingandExtraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2 ReviewofExistingPoreExtractionMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.3 DynamicAnisotropicPoreModel(DAPM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4 AdaptivePoreExtraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.4.1 DAPMParameterEstimation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.4.2 ImplementationIssues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.4.3 ThePoreExtractionAlgorithm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.5 ExperimentsandPerformanceEvaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.5.1 PoreDetectionAccuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.5.2 PoreBasedPartial-FingerprintRecognition. . . . . . . . . 55
3.5.3 PoreBasedFull-SizeFingerprintRecognition. . . . . . . 58
3.5.4 ComputationalComplexityAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.6 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4 TheResolutionforFingerprintRecognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.2 MultiresolutionFingerprintImagesCollecting. . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.2.1 AcquisitionDevice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.2.2 FingerprintSamples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.2.3 ImplementationofMultiresolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.3 SelectingResolutionCriteriaUsingMinutiaeandPores. . . . . . 71
4.4 ExperimentsandAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.4.1 MinimumResolutionRequiredforPoreExtraction. . . 75
4.4.2 ResolutionBasedontheEstablishedCriteria. . . . . . . . 76
4.4.3 AnalysisofRidgeWidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.4.4 FingerprintRecognitionAccuracy. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 78
4.5 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
PartII Finger-Knuckle-PrintVerification
5 Finger-Knuckle-PrintVerification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2 TheFinger-Knuckle-Print(FKP)RecognitionSystem. . . . . . . . 87
5.3 ROI(RegionofInterest)Extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Contents ix
5.4 FKPFeatureExtractionandMatching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.4.1 ImprovedCompetitiveCoding(ImCompCode). . . . . . 96
5.4.2 MagnitudeCoding(MagCode). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5.4.3 FKPMatching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5.5 ExperimentalResults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
5.5.1 DatabaseEstablishment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
5.5.2 SelectionoftheImageResolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.5.3 FKPVerification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
5.5.4 Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
5.5.5 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
5.6 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6 LocalFeaturesforFinger-Knuckle-PrintRecognition. . . . . . . . . . 111
6.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.2 AnalysisofLocalFeatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
6.3 ExtractionandMatchingofLocalFeatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
6.3.1 Step1:PhaseCongruency(PC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
6.3.2 LocalFeatureExtractionandCoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.3.3 MatchingofLocalFeatureMaps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
6.3.4 IntegrationofLocalFeatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
6.4 ExperimentalResultsandDiscussions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
6.4.1 FKPDatabaseandtheTestProtocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
6.4.2 DeterminationofParameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
6.4.3 PerformanceofLocalFeatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6.4.4 FurtherDiscussions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
6.5 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
7 GlobalInformationforFinger-Knuckle-PrintRecognition. . . . . . . 131
7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
7.2 LocalFeatureExtractionandMatching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
7.3 GlobalFeatureExtractionandMatching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
7.3.1 FromLocaltoGlobal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
7.3.2 Phase-OnlyCorrelation(POC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
7.3.3 Band-LimitedPhase-OnlyCorrelation(BLPOC). . . . . 139
7.4 Local-GlobalInformationCombination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
7.5 ExperimentalResults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
7.5.1 FKPDatabaseandTestProtocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
7.5.2 DeterminationofParameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
7.5.3 FKPVerificationResults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
7.5.4 Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
7.6 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
x Contents
8 Finger-Knuckle-PrintVerificationwithScoreLevelAdaptive
BinaryFusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
8.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
8.2 CompetitiveCodingBasedFKPVerification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
8.3 RecognitionviaReconstruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
8.3.1 Motivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 154
8.3.2 Reconstructionwithl -NormSparseRegularization. . . 156
1
8.3.3 Reconstructionwithl -NormRegularization. . . . . . . . 158
2
8.3.4 PatchBasedReconstruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
8.4 VerificationbyBinaryScoreLevelFusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
8.4.1 PopularScoreLevelFusionMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
8.4.2 AdaptiveBinaryFusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
8.5 SummaryoftheVerificationAlgorithm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
8.6 ExperimentalResults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
8.6.1 ComparisonBetweenDifferentFusionRules. . . . . . . . 166
8.6.2 ExperimentSettingsandParameterSelection. . . . . . . 166
8.6.3 FKPVerificationResults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
8.6.4 IntegratingwithGlobalFeatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
8.6.5 Discussions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
8.7 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
PartIII OtherHand-BasedBiometrics
9 3DFingerprintReconstructionandRecognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
9.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
9.2 3DFingerprintReconstructionSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
9.3 FingerprintFeatureCorrespondencesEstablishment. . . . . . . . . 182
9.3.1 CorrespondencesEstablishmentBasedonSIFT. . . . . . 182
9.3.2 CorrespondencesEstablishmentBasedon
RidgeMap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
9.3.3 CorrespondencesEstablishmentBasedonMinutiae. . . 188
9.4 FingerShapeModelEstimation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
9.5 CurvatureFeaturesExtractionandMatching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
9.6 ExperimentalResultsandAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
9.6.1 3DFingerprintReconstructionSystemError
Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
9.6.2 ComparisonandAnalysisofReconstruction
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
9.6.3 ValidationofEstimatedFingerShapeModel. . . . . . . . 199
9.6.4 ReconstructionSystemComputationTimeAnalysis. . . 203
9.6.5 3DFingerprintRecognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
9.7 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Contents xi
10 HandBackSkinTextureforPersonalIdentification. . . . . . . . . . . 213
10.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
10.2 HandBackSkinTextureImagingSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
10.3 HBSTFeatureExtractionandClassification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
10.3.1 MR8FilterBank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
10.3.2 TextonLearningBasedonSR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
10.3.3 FeatureExtractionandClassification. . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
10.4 ExperimentalResults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
10.4.1 DatabaseEstablishment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
10.4.2 PersonalIdentification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
10.4.3 GenderClassification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
10.4.4 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
10.5 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
11 LineScanPalmprintRecognitionSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
11.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
11.2 ExistingSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
11.2.1 FlatbedScanner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
11.2.2 WebCameraBasedSystems. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 237
11.2.3 PalmprintSystemswithPeggedFlatPlatenSurface. . . 238
11.3 LineScanPalmprintSystemDesign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
11.3.1 LineScanImagingScheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
11.3.2 SystemFramework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
11.3.3 LineScanImageSensor-CISModule. . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
11.3.4 SynchronizingUnit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
11.3.5 ControllerBoard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
11.3.6 TheDevice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
11.3.7 ROIExtraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
11.4 ExperimentandComparison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
11.4.1 LineScanPalmprintDatabase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
11.4.2 VerificationExperiment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
11.4.3 ComparisonswithCurrentPalmprintSystems. . . . . . . 253
11.5 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
12 DoorKnobHandRecognitionSystem. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 259
12.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
12.2 ErgonomicBiometricsDesign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
12.2.1 DevelopmentofBiometricSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
12.2.2 ErgonomicsStudiesinBiometrics. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 261
12.2.3 ErgonomicBiometricsDesignModel. . . . . . . . . . . . . 263