Table Of Content

Adaptive PHY-MAC Design for Broadband Wireless Systems RIVER PUBLISHERS SERIES IN COMMUNICATIONS Volume 10 Consulting Series Editors MARINA RUGGIERI HOMAYOUN NIKOOKAR University of Roma “Tor Vergata” Delft University of Technology Italy The Netherlands This series focuses on communications science and technology. This includes the theory and use of systems involving all terminals, computers, and information processors; wired and wireless networks; and network layouts, procontentsols, architectures, and implementations. Furthermore, developments toward new market demands in systems, products, and technologies such as personal communications services, multimedia systems, enterprise networks, and optical communications systems. • Wireless Communications • Networks • Security • Antennas & Propagation • Microwaves • Software Deﬁned Radio For a list of other books in this series, see ﬁnal page. The NEC and You Perfect Together: A Comprehensive Study of the Adaptive PHY-MAC National Electrical Code Design for Broadband Wireless Systems Gregory P. Bierals Ramjee Prasad Electrical Design Institute, USA CTIF, Aalborg University, Denmark Suvra Sekhar Das IIT-Kharagpur, India Muhammad Imadur Rahman Ericsson Research, Sweden River Publishers Published 2010 by River Publishers River Publishers Alsbjergvej 10, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark www.riverpublishers.com Distributed exclusively by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Adaptive PHY-MAC Design for Broadband Wireless Systems / by Ramjee Prasad, Suvra Sekhar Das, Muhammad Imadur Rahman. © 2010 River Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval systems, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publishers. Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business ISBN 978-87-92329-08-0 (print) While every effort is made to provide dependable information, the publisher, authors, and editors cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions. DOI: 10.1201/9781003336969 Exchange gifts, and mutual love arises; shake hands, and enmity will fall away. – Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) You have a right to your duties and not its outcomes. – Srimad Bhagawat Gita Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God. – Saying of Jesus (Peace be upon Him), Matthew 5:9 Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave. – Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) Contents Dedication xv Preface xvii Acknowledgement xix List of Figures xxi List of Tables xxxiii List of Abbreviations xxxvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 GrowthofSubscribers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Technology Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.1 2Gto3G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.2 Beyond3G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.3 3.5G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.4 3rdGenerationPartnershipProject-LongTermEvol- ution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.5 4G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Motivation: Requirementsfor4G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 FocusofThisBook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.5 Organization oftheBook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 Wireless Channel, Multicarrier Systems and Cellular Architec- ture 13 2.1 PhysicalCharacteristics ofMultipathChannels . . . . . . . 13 2.1.1 MultipathScenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.1.2 DopplerEffect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.1.3 ShadowFadingorShadowing . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 vii viii Contents 2.1.4 Propagation PathLoss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.2 TheBeneftofUsingMulticarrier Transmission . . . . . . . 19 2.3 OFDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.3.1 OFDMFundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.3.2 ParametersValuesforOFDMBasedStandards . . . 30 2.4 Multi-UserOFDMSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.4.1 Orthogonal FrequencyDivisionMultipleAccess . . 32 2.4.2 OFDMABasedStandards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.5 Multi-Antenna OFDMSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.5.1 Multi-Antenna andDiversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.5.2 Multi-Antenna andSpatialMultiplexing . . . . . . . 43 2.5.3 Usability of Multi-Antenna Techniques in OFDM Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 2.6 CellularArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2.6.1 FrequencyRe-Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2.6.2 SystemCapacityandInterference . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.6.3 Percentage AreaCoverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3 Adaptive Subcarrier Bandwidth 65 3.1 AdaptiveSubcarrier BandwidthinTDM-OFDM . . . . . . . 66 3.1.1 SystemDescription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.1.2 AnalyticalModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.1.3 Algorithm forAdaptiveBandwidthforSubcarriers . 71 3.1.4 ResultsandDiscussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 3.1.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 3.2 OFDMAFramework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 3.2.1 AnalyticalModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 3.2.2 ResultsandDiscussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3.2.3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 3.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4 Variable Guard Interval 91 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 4.2 SystemDescription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 4.3 RequiredGI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 4.4 PerformanceandDiscussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 4.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 5 Hybrid Multicarrier Spread Spectrum 109 Contents ix 5.1 SubcarrierHoppingMulticarrier SpreadSpectrum . . . . . . 109 5.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 5.1.2 SystemDescription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 5.1.3 AnalyticalModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 5.1.4 SimulationResultsandDiscussion . . . . . . . . . . 115 5.1.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 5.2 MC-SSwithReceiverImpairments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 5.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 5.2.2 SystemDescription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 5.2.3 SimulationEnvironment, ResultsandDiscussion . . 125 5.2.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 5.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 6 Coordinated Subcarrier and Band Hopping in OFDMA Systems 137 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 6.2 MultipleAccess(orChannelization) Approach . . . . . . . 138 6.3 UserGrouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 6.4 SubcarrierandBandHoppingStrategies . . . . . . . . . . . 141 6.5 TransceiverStructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 6.6 HoppingSequenceDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 6.6.1 FactsinDownlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 6.6.2 DesignGoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 6.6.3 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 6.6.4 PhysicalConsiderations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 6.6.5 SequenceDesignPreliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 6.6.6 SlowBandHopping(SBH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 6.6.7 FastBandHopping(FBH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 6.6.8 SubCarrierHopping(SCH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 6.6.9 Implementation ofHoppingMechanism . . . . . . . 153 6.7 SystemLevelSimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 6.7.1 Interference Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 6.7.2 OutageSINRAnalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 6.7.3 GoodputSimulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 6.8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 7 Hybrid Link Adaptation 167 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 7.2 DegreesofFreedominLinkAdaptationProcess . . . . . . . 171 7.3 BitandPowerLoadingAlgorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173