Acoustical Imaging

646 Pages·1982·14.21 MB·English

by  Frank Pino, David A. Sinclair, Eric A. Ash (auth.), John P. Powers (eds.)

Acoustical Imaging
Volume 11
Acoustical Imaging
Volume 1 Proceedings of the First International Symposium,
December 1967, edited by A. F. Metherell,
H. M. A. EI-Sum, and Lewis Larmore
Volume 2 Proceedings of the Second International Symposium,
March 1969, edited by A. F. Metherell and Lewis Larmore
Volume 3 Proceedings of the Third International Symposium,
July 1970, edited by A. F. Metherell
Volume 4 Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium,
April 1972, edited by Glen Wade
Volume 5 Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium,
July 1973, edited by Philip S. Green
Volume 6 Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium,
February 1976, edited by Newell Booth
Volume 7 Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium,
August 1976, edited by Lawrence W. Kessler
Volume 8 Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium,
May 29-June 2,1978, edited by A. F. Metherell
Volume 9 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium,
December 3-6,1979, edited by Keith Y. Wang
Volume 10 Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium,
October 12-16, 1980, edited by Pierre Alais and Alexander F. Metherell
Volume 11 Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium
May 4-7, 1981, edited by John P. Powers
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring
delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon
actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.
Acoustical Imaging
Volume 11
Edited by
John P. Powers
Naval Postgraduate School
Monterey, California
PLENUM PRESS . NEW YORK AND LONDON
The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this series as follows:
International Symposium on Acoustical Holography.
Acoustical holography; proceedings. v. 1-
New York, Plenum Press, 1967-
v. illus. (part col.), ports. 24 cm.
Editors: 1967- A. F. Metherell and L. Larmore (1967 with H. M. A. el-Sum)
Symposiums for 1967- held at the Douglas Advanced Research Laboratories,
Huntington Beach, Calif.
1. Acoustic holography-Congresses-Collected works. I. Metherell. Alexander A.,
ed. II. Larmore, Lewis, ed. III. el-Sum, Hussein Mohammed Amin, ed. IV. Douglas
Advanced Research Laboratories. v. Title.
QC244.5.1 5 69-12533
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1139-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1137-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1137-9
Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Acoustical
Imaging, held May 4-7, 1981, in Monterey, California
© 1982 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfllming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
This volume contains forty-one papers presented at the Eleventh
International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging held on 4- 7 Ma~
in Monterey, California. The objective of this conference series is
to bring together workers in diverse areas and applications of
Acoustical Imaging for interaction and exchange of ideas. People
working in other aspects of scalar wave theory and applications
also benefit from this series.
The papers presented here demonstrate continued growth in the
activity of this field. In this conference there was emphasis on
New Techniques, Acoustic Tomography, Tissue Characterization,
Signal Processing, Inversion Techniques, and Transducers and Arrays.
The success and stimulation of the conference and of the
papers presented in this volume is owed, of course to the authors
and participants. Many thanks are due to the authors and their
co-workers for their diligence and enthusiasm in performing their
research, preparing their manuscripts and presenting their results.
The editor would like to express his appreciation to each and every
one of them.
The editor would like to also thank the Program Committee who
evaluated the abstracts and gave their able advice in the organi-
zation and direction of the conference. The program committee
consisted of Mahfuz Ahmed, University of California at Irvine
Medical Center; Pierre Alais, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie,
Paris; C.B. Burchhardt, Hoffman-La Roche and Co., Basle, Switzerland;
B.P. Hildebrand, Spectron Development Labs, Costa Mesa, California;
C.R. Hill, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, England; Larry W. Kessler,
Sonoscan, Inc., Bensenville, Illinois; Alexander F. Metherell, South
Bay Hospital, Redondo Beach, California; Rolf K. Mueller, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; George Sackman, Naval Post-
graduate School, Monterey, California; Frederick L. Thurstone, Duke
University, Durham, North Carolina; Robert C. Waag, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Glen Wade, University
of California, Santa Barbara; and Keith Y. Wang, University of Miami,
v
PREFACE
Florida. The editor wishes to thank the session chairmen: Keith
Wang, Eric Ash, H. Dale Collins, Rolf Mueller, Frederick Thurstone
and George Sackman for their effort and contribution to provide a
smooth-running conference.
Special thanks are due to Ms. Darlene Kelley for her help and
assistance in providing her highly capable secretarial support.
The help cf Ms. Ruby Kapsalis, Conference Coordinator at the Naval
Postgraduate School, is also gratefully acknowledged.
The editor would like to especially thank the Office of Naval
Research (Physics Division) for their sponsorship of this meeting
and the Naval Postgraduate School for graciously providing the
meeting facilities. The Symposium was held in cooperation with
the IEEE Group on Sonics and Ultrasonics.
The Twelfth International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging
will be held in London, England, on 19 - 22 July 1982 under the
joint chairmanship of Prof. Eric Ash and Dr. Kit Hill. The
Thirteenth International Symposium will be held in Minneapolis,
Minnesota in the Fall of 1983 and will be organized by Prof. Rolf
Mueller, Prof. Mos Kaveh and Dr. James Greenleaf.
John Powers
CONTENTS
IMAGING SYSTEMS
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy of Solid Objects Using
Aspheric Lenses 1
Frank Pino, David A. Sinclair, and Eric A. Ash
A Digital Processing System for Acousto-optic
Visualization of Sound Fields
Harry D. Dardy and Charles F. Gaumond 21
Acoustical Imaging Using Focalization under
Oblique Incidence through and Interface-
Application to Non-destructive Testing 39
J. Frohly, C. Bruneel, B. Bisiaux, and
J. LeFebvre
Generation of Acoustical Images from the Absorption
of Pulsed Microwave Energy 53
Richard G. Olsen
A Thermoplastic Acoustical Holography Recording
Device 61
D. B. Rivers, 1'1. F. Ranson, W. F. Swinson, and
H. K. Liu
Two-dimensional Imaging with a High Resolution
PVF2/Si Optically-scanned Receiving
Transducer 77
S. O. Ishrak and C. W. Turner
TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION
An Ultrasonic Determination of Cardiac Muscle
Structures
95
D. Nicholas, A.W. Nicholas, and R. Greenbaum
vii
CONTENTS
The Application of Diffraction Analysis to Liver
and Thyroid Disease 109
D. Nicholas, J. Merton, and C. R. Hill
Tissue Parameter Measurement and Imaging 127
Linda Hutchins and S. Leeman
Pulse Scattering in Dispersive Media 1~
S. Leeman, L. Hutchins, and J. P. Jones
An Absolute Measurement of Backscattering
Coefficients for Excised Human Tissues
and its Relevance to Abdominal Imaging
D. Nicholas
SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
The Design And Application of Software Filters
to Improve Lateral Resolution in a
B-mode Ultrasonogram
Carolyn Kimme-Smith and Joie Pierce Jones
Digital Filtering of Acoustic Images 181
B. Burgoyne, J. Pavkovich, and G. S. Kino
Two-dimensional Null Processing 2~
Takeo Sawatari and R. Paul Gorman
Acoustic Imaging in Marine Sediment: A Multiple
Microprocessor Array Processor using the
Trace Function 225
G. L. Sackman and G. R. Vermander
Phase Error Reduction Method for a Towed Array 245
T. Sawatari
Digital Enhancement of Ultrasonic Images and its
Application to Non-destructive Testing
of Composite Materials 263
P. Das and R. Werner
Preliminary Results of Computer Aided Acoustic
Imaging
277
John Powers, Miltiades Economopoulous,
Eugene Moon, and Harry Vasquez
CONTENTS ix
An Optimum Ultrasonic Imaging System Using
ARMA Processing
Takuso Sato, Takayoshi Yokota, and Osamu Ikeda
ACOUSTICAL TOMOGRAPHY
Ultrasonic Planar Scanned Tomography 309
Hua Lee, Carl Schueler, Gail Flesher, and
Glen Wade
A Comparison of Born and Rytov Approximations in
Acoustic Tomography 325
M. Kaveh, M. Soumekh, and R. K. Mueller
Tomographic Evaluation of Sound Fields from
Acousto-optic Data 337
Bill D. Cook, John F. Laflin, Charles F. Gaumond,
and Henry D. Dardy
Effects of Diffraction on Ultrasonic Computer-
Assisted Tomography 351
J. F. Greenleaf, P. J. Thomas, and B. Rajagopalan
INVERSION TECHNIQUES
An Exact Theory for Coherent Acoustic Probing
W. Ross Stone
Acoustical Holography Is, At Best, Only a Partial
Solution to the Inverse Scattering Problem
W. Ross Stone
Inverse Scattering, Inverse Field, and Inverse
Source Theory 399
Norbert N. Bojarski
Wave Equations and Inverse Solutions for Soft
Tissue 409
Steven A. Johnson, Frank Stenger, Calvin Wilcox,
James Ball, and Michael J. Berggren
Asymptotic Ultrasonic Inversion Based on Using
More Than one Frequency 425
Frank Stenger
x CONTENTS
TRANSDUCERS AND ARRAYS
The Properties and Performance of a Si-PVF Optically
2
Controlled Acoustic Point Source 445
A. Ayoola and C. W. Turner
Effect of Mechanical Aberrations on the Resolution
of Fresnel Zone Plate Transducers 463
B. Noorbehesht, M. Mortezaie, G. Wade, and
C. Schueler
Side lobe Reduction of the Ring Array for Use in
Circularly Symmetric Imaging Systems 419
Bernard D. Steinberg and Ajay K. Luthra
Anomalous Quantization Error Lobes in Phased Array
Images 491
P. A. Magnin, F. L. Thurstone, and O. T. von Ramm
Multi-element Arrays for NDE Applications 505
Robert C. Addison, Jr.
Study of the Normal Modes of Vibration of the
Peizoelectric Transducers used in a
Acoustic Imaging Applications 521
C. Bruneel, B. Delannoy, H. Lasota, and
J. M. Rouvaen
NEW TECHNIQUES
Linear Impulse Holography 529
B. P. Hildebrand, A. J. Boland, and M. L. Cochran
Acoustic Passive Remote Temperature Sensing
Theodore Bowen
The Speed of Sound as a Thermal Image CT Scan
Parameter
Richard Nasoni, Theodore Bowen, Mark W. Dewhirst,
Howard B. Roth, and Robert Premovich
Focused Acoustic Beams for Accurate Phase
Measurements
S. D. Bennett, D. Husson, and G. S. Kino
High Resolution Ultrasonic Testing System Using
Dynamic Focusing and Signal Correlation 591
Jun Kubota, Junichi Ishii, and Soji Sasaki