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ISBN 938797364-6 9 789387 973640 A Textbook of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering About the Authors Er.Basavaraj, Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, KAU, Tavanur, Malappuram District, Kerala. He has graduated B.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) from College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka in 2013 and M.Tech.(Agri.Engg.) specialized in Farm Machinery and Power from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University(TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu in 2015. He was worked as Teaching Associate in College of Agricultural Engineering, PJTSAU, Sangareddy, Telangana from 2015-2017. Presently he is doing his Ph.D. studies from Kerala Agricultural University. He has qualified ICAR-JRF examination with 13th rank in 2013 and ICAR- SRF examination with 2nd rank in 2017. He been awarded as Young Scientist Award” in National Conference on Agricultural and Rural Innovations for Sustainable Empowerment (ARISE-2016) at Warangal, Telangana. He has guided two B.Tech. (Agricultural Engineering) theses. Published 13 full length research articles in national and international journals and published 14 abstracts and review articles in different conferences/symposiums. Er. D. Srigiri Assistant Professor, College of Agricultural Engineering, ANGRAU, Madakasira, Ananthapuram District, Andhra Pradesh, He has graduated B.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) in College of Agricultural Engineering, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University in 2013 and M.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) specialized in Farm Machinery and Power from Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University in 2015. He was worked as Teaching Associate in College of Agricultural Engineering, PJTSAU, Sangareddy, Telangana from 2015-2016. Presently he has been working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Farm Machinery and Power Enginnering, College of Agricultural Engineering, Madakasira. He has qualified ICAR-SRF examination with 5th rank in 2016. Published 6 full length research articles in national and international journals and published 5 abstracts in different conferences and 10 popular articles in various Telugu magazines. He has guided two B.Tech. (Agricultural Engineering) theses. He is also life member of Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers (ISAE) and Associate Member of Institute of Engineers India (IEI). Dr. Jayan P.R, Professor (FPM), Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, KCAET (KAU), Tavanur- 679 573. He has graduated in Agricultural Engineering from Kerala Agricultural University, Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,Tavanur in 1990 and post graduate in Farm Power and Machinery in 1993 and Doctor of Philosophy in Farm Machinery and Powerfrom Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore in 2003. He started his career as Assistant Engineer (Agri.) in the Department of Agriculture, Government of Kerala in 1993, later on appointed as Assistant Professor (Farm Power and Machinery) in Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology (KCAET), Kerala Agri. Univeristy (KAU)-Tavanur in 1994. He was the Head, Department of FPME, from 2009 to August, 2018 and presently continuing as Professor in the Department. Dr. Jayan P. R received INAE – Award for his doctoral research work by the Indian National Academy of Engineering, New Delhi and appreciations for the efforts taken to develop various farm machineries under a State Plan project by Agri. Production Commissioner, Govt. of Kerala. He has been the Principal Investigator for many projects in the farm mechanization sector, member of the test code formulation for farm machines, Ministry of Agri. & Farmers Welfare, Department of AC & FW, M&T Division, Govt of India and member, editorial board, of IJAE, Muzaffar Nagar and Journal of Tropical Agriculture, KAU. He guided UG, PG, Ph.D. student projects as Major Advisor. He has published/ presented around 19 papers in international and national journals/ symposium/workshops and 23 popular articles in various magazines. A Textbook of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering Basavaraj Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Kerala Agriculture University Tavanur, Malappuram District, Kerala - 679573 D. Srigiri Assistant Professor College of Agricultural Engineering ANGRAU, MADAKASIRA Ananthapuram District, Andhra Pradesh - 515 301 Jayan P.R. Professor (FPM) Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Kerala Agriculture University Tavanur, Malappuram District, Kerala - 679573 ® NEW INDIA PUBLISHING AGENCY New Delhi – 110 034 ® NEW INDIA PUBLISHING AGENCY 101, Vikas Surya Plaza, CU Block, LSC Market Pitam Pura, New Delhi 110 034, India Phone: + 91 (11)27 34 17 17 Fax: + 91(11) 27 34 16 16 Email: [email protected] Web: www.nipabooks.com Feedback at [email protected] © 2020, Author ISBN No. 978-93-87973-64-0 eISBN: 978-93-89907-13-1 All rights reserved, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher or the copyright holder. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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New Delhi Preface This book has been written to meet the requirement of students getting knowledge in Agricultural Engineering and Farm Machinery and Power Engineering. A need has felt for a book on this subject of basic standards. A keen attempt has been made to make the book useful and interesting. Leaving all the unnecessary things only the essential facts and concepts have been discussed in this book. It has a direct link with all the concepts in the farm machinery and power engineering that all the common and complicated concepts have been explained very short and clearly. It has been experienced that many students lack in their confidence to face examinations, therefore this book has been written in such way that it may equip the students with basic knowledge to face examinations. This book is prepared by keeping the ARS-NET syllabus of Farm Power and Machinery discipline in mind and it contains excellent collection of important points on farm machinery, farm power, ergonomics, theory of machines, energy in agriculture, instrumentation and workshop technology tomeet requirements of students. The book should serve as a useful resource to the agricultural engineering and farm machinery and power engineering students appearing for various competitive exams such as ICAR JRF/SRF, NET,ARS and GATE etc. The book contains a section on key notes related to important terms on farm machinery and power engineering. It is useful for better understanding of this subject. The authors are deeply thankful to individuals, who helped on time for preparing this book. It is hoped that this book will be useful for all the students of agricultural engineering as well as farm machinery and power engineering. Any suggestions towards its further improvement will be thankfully acknowledged and incorporated in the next edition. Basavaraj D. Srigiri Jayan P.R. Contents Preface......................................................................................................................................v Syllabi for NET/ARS/ICAR/IARI Examinations of Farm Machinery and Power....................... xi 1. Introduction of Farm Power Machinery and Energy...........................1 2. Materials of Construction.....................................................................3 3. Tillage Methods ....................................................................................5 4. Sowing and Planting........................................................................... 17 4. Plant Protection: Spraying and Dusting.............................................. 21 6. Harvesting and Threshing................................................................... 27 7. Theory of Machine and Machine Design........................................... 35 8. Tractor and Its Control System .......................................................... 45 9. Erogonomics in Agriculture ................................................................ 65 10. Energy in Agriculture.......................................................................... 69 11. Workshop Practice and Technology................................................... 81 12. Instrumentation and Measurement System........................................ 91 13. Testing and Evaluation in Farm Machinery and Power.................... 101 14. Formulae............................................................................................111 15. Important Expansions....................................................................... 131 References....................................................................................... 133