A Technical Handbook on Bituminized Jute Paving Fabric (BJPF): A Partial Substitute and Reinforcement of Bitumen Mastic

169 Pages·2016·5.165 MB·English

by  Swapan Kumar Ghosh

A Technical Handbook
on
Bituminized Jute Paving Fabric (BJPF) –
a partial substitute and reinforcement of bitumen
mastic
© 2016 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
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© 2016 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
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A Technical Handbook
on
Bituminized Jute
Paving Fabric (BJPF) –
a partial substitute and
reinforcement of bitumen
mastic
Swapan Kumar Ghosh

WOODHEAD PUBLISHING INDIA PVT LTD
New Del hi, India
© 2016 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
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CRC Press Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
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© 2016 by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
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Version Date: 20160512
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-93-85059-65-0 (eBook - PDF)
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Contents
Acknowledgment xi
Preface xiii
1 Introducing geotextile 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Historical background 2
1.3 Man-made geotextiles 3
1.4 Natural geotextiles 3
1.5 Methods of manufacturing geotextiles 4
1.6 Functions of geotextiles 5
1.6.1 Confi nement 5
1.6.2 Separation 6
2 Jute and jute geotextile (JGT) 23
2.1 Jute fi bre 23
2.2 Properties of jute fi bre 25
2.3 Chemical composition and structure of jute fi bre 28
2.4 Grading of jute fi bre 30
2.5 Jute yarns 30
2.5.1 Processing of jute yarns 31
2.5.2 Jute yarn quality 31
2.6 Jute geotextile 32
2.6.1 Characteristics of jute geotextiles 34
2.6.2 Property advantages and specifi c end-uses
of jute geotextiles 35
2.6.3 Potential areas of application of jute geotextiles 35
2.6.4 Types of jute geotextile 36
2.6.5 Market potential of jute geotextiles 39
2.6.6 Present status of jute geotextiles 40
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vi Contents
3 Development of grey jute paving fabric (GJPF) 49
3.1 Idea behind designing and engineering of grey
jute paving fabric 49
3.2 Experimental methods 50
3.2.1 Choice of raw jute fi bre mixing (batch
composition) 50
3.2.2 Preparation of woven fabric samples 52
3.2.3 Preparation of non-woven fabric samples 53
3.2.4 Preparation of single layered combined
woven and non-woven fabric samples 62
3.2.5 Preparation of the grey jute paving fabric
sample 62
3.2.6 Testing methods 65
3.2.7 Measurement of weight per unit area
of the fabric samples 66
3.2.8 Measurement of fabric thickness
of the fabric samples 66
3.2.9 Determination of tensile properties of the fabric
samples by wide width tensile testing method 67
3.2.10 Determination of static puncture resistance of the
fabric samples 68
3.2.11 Determination of bursting strength of the fabric
samples 68
3.2.12 M easurement of water permeability and permittivity
of the fabric samples 68
3.2.13 Test procedure followed 69
3.2.14 Determination of water permeability of the fabric
samples 69
3.2.15 Constant head method 70
3.2.16 Measurement of apparent opening size of the fabric
samples 71
4 A comprehensive idea about bitumen 75
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 Bitumen 77
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Contents vii
4.3 General uses of bitumen17 79
4.4 Types of bitumen 79
4.4.1 Penetration grade18 79
4.4.2 Industrial grade bitumen 80
4.4.3 Cutback 80
4.4.4 Bitumen emulsion 80
4.4.5 Modifi ed bitumen 81
4.4.6 Viscosity grade bitumen 82
4.5 Present grading system of bitumen 82
4.6 Properties of bitumen 83
4.6.1 Bitumen: a viscoelastic material 83
4.6.2 Adhesion properties of bitumen 84
4.7 Tests for bitumen 85
4.7.1 Viscosity test23 85
4.7.2 Softening point24 87
4.7.3 Ductility test25 88
4.7.4 Penetration test26 89
4.7.5 Penetration index or penetration ratio 90
4.7.6 Matter soluble in organic solvents 91
4.7.7 Rotating thin fi lm oven test (RTFOT) 91
4.7.8 Pressure aging vessel (PAV) 93
4.7.9 Flash point 94
4.7.10 Specifi c gravity test19 96
4.7.11 Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR)30 96
4.7.12 Bending beam rheometer (BBR) 98
4.8 Failure mechanism of asphalt 100
4.8.1 Aging31 100
4.8.2 Oxidative hardening 100
4.8.3 Hardening due to loss of volatiles 101
4.8.4 Physical hardening 101
4.8.5 Educative hardening 101
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viii Contents
4.8.6 Hardening of bitumen during storage 101
4.8.7 Hardening of bitumen on road 101
4.8.8 Rutting and permanent deformation 101
4.8.9 Fatigue cracking 102
4.8.10 Thermal cracking 102
4.8.11 Stripping 102
4.8.12 Moisture damage 102
4.9 Modifi ed bitumen33 102
4.9.1 Advantages of modifi ed bitumen 102
4.9.2 Types of modifi ed bitumen 103
4.10 Different types and grades of bitumen 103
4.11 Bitumen requirements for various applications 104
4.12 Health, safety and environmental aspects 105
5 A comprehensive idea about paving fabric 109
5.1 Introduction 109
5.2 Pavements 114
5.3 Paving fabrics 115
5.4 Functions of paving geosynthetics 116
5.5 Design aspects of geosynthetics 119
5.6 General design considerations 121
5.6.1 Site selection 121
5.6.2 Pavement evaluation 121
5.6.3 Case studies 121
6 Development of bituminized jute paving fabric (BJPF) 125
6.1 Introduction 125
6.2 Laboratory simulation testing in CRRI,
New Delhi, India 125
6.2.1 Physical tests on aggregates 125
6.2.2 Specifi c gravity and water absorption test 125
6.2.3 Impact test 126
6.2.4 Shape test 127
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Contents ix
6.2.5 Stripping test for aggregates 127
6.2.6 Physical tests on bitumen 127
6.2.7 Asphalt retention testing of bitumen treated jute
paving fabric 128
6.2.8 Beam fatigue testing 132
6.2.9 Wheel tracking test 134
6.3 Bituminization of grey jute paving fabric (GJPF) 135
7 Pilot and bulk fi eld trials of bituminized jute
paving fabric (BJPF) 141
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 Pilot fi eld trial 141
7.3 Commercial fi eld trial – site 1 143
7.4 Commercial fi eld trial – site 2 146
Index 151

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