A Rhetorical Grammar: C. Iulius Romanus, Introduction to the Liber de Adverbio

161 Pages·2003·6.498 MB·English

by  D. M. Schenkeveld

A RHETORICAL GRAMMAR
MNEMOSYNE
BIBLIOTHECA ClASSICA BATAVA
COLLEGERUNT
H. PINKSTER • H. S. VERSNEL
D.M. SCHENKEVELD • P. H. SCHRijVERS
S.R. SUNGS
BIBUOTHECAE FASCICULOS EDENDOS CURAVIT
H. PINKSTER, KLASSIEK SEMINARIUM, OUDE TURFMARKT 129, AMSTERDAM
SUPPLEMENTUM DUCENTESIMUM QUADRAGESIMUM SEPTIMUM
DIRK M. SCHENKEVELD
A RHETORICAL GRAMMAR

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Charisius, .ars grammatic~ 249.24-251.10 as printed in the editio princeps with the annota
Dons of CauchlUs (Codex H eidelbergensis 370.3 Beiband) (See Appendix I)
A RHETORICAL GRAMMAR
C. IULIUS ROMANUS, INTRODUCTION
TO THE LIBER DE ADVERBIO
AS INCORPORATED IN
CHARISIUS' ARS GRAMMATICA II.13
EDITION WITH INTRODUCTION,
TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY
BY
DIRK M. SCHENKEVELD
BRILL
LEIDEN . BOSTON
2004
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available on
http:// catalog.loc.gov
ISSN 0169-8958
ISBN 90 04 13662 2
xv,
© Copyright 2004 by Koninklyke Brill Leiden, The.Netherlands
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PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
CONTENTS
Preface ........................................................................................ VII
Chapter I Charisius as a transmitter of grammatical
theory ......................................................................................... .
a. Who was Fl Sosipater Charisius? ................................... .
b. The riddle of the preface ......... .... ................. ............... ... 4
c. The overall structure ........................................................ 5
d. Further investigation of Charisius' methods of
composition ........................................................................ 9
e. Charisius: compiler or editor? ... ............. .... ................. ..... 12
f. The background of Charisius' handbook .... ........... ......... 14
g. Charisius and his sources ....... .... ... ................ ........... ......... 17
h. Beyond Cominianus and Charisius .............. ...... ..... ......... 22
i. The preface again ............................................................ 27
Chapter II C. lulius Romanus .............................................. 29
a. Date and profession .......................................................... 29
b. His work: title, structure and type .. ...... .... ............. ..... .... 30
c. The meaning of the title 'Aq>oPllai .................................. 38
d. Romanus and his grammatical sources .......................... 39
e. Romanus' views on correct Latin .................................... 43
f. Romanus and the veleres: archaizing classicism .............. 48
g. The merits of Romanus, the author of 'Aq>oPllai .......... 52
Chapter III The Introduction to the tiber de adverbio of
Romanus .................................................................................... 54
a. Preliminary remarks .......................................................... 54
b. The transitions .................... .................................... .......... 57
c. The argument itself; (1) 246.18-249.23 .......................... 58
d. The argument itself; (2) 249.24-251.19 .......................... 64
e. The argument itself; (3) 251.20-252.31 .......................... 67
f. The argument as a whole ................................................ 69
g. Rhetorical aspects of the Introduction ............................ 70
h. Prose-rhythm ............ .............................. ............................ 71
VI CONTENTS
Functions of the Introduction and its place in Latin
1.
literature .............................................................................. 75
j. The form of the Introduction .......................................... 77
Text, apparatus criticus, and translation ...................................... 81
Philological Commentary ... ...... ...... ...... ......... .......... .... ........ ...... 97
Appendix I: Manuscript C and Johannes Cauchius .............. 133
Bibliography ................................................................................ 141
General Index ............................................................................ 147
PREFACE
The main object of this book is to make known to scholars inter
ested in the history of ancient linguistics and rhetoric a unique piece
of Latin literature, the introduction written about 280 AD. by a
certain C. Julius Romanus to a long list of adverbs used by older
writers and explained by him. This list and its introduction form a
long chapter of a book on grammatical subjects which he entitled
'A<pOPIlUi, Starting Points, for those wishing to know more about the
Latin Language. Romanus wrote prefaces to other chapters also, but
this on the adverbs is the only one which he put into rhetorical
clothing. To all appearances he wished to show that it was possible
to treat a grammatical subject in a rhetorical way.
The rhetorical character of the introduction is evident not only from
the use of external means, such as figures and tropes, daring imagery,
prose-rhythm, carefully chosen wording, and well shaped periods,
but-what is more interesting-from the way of handling his mate
rial, the internal side. He gives a survey of several aspects of the
adverbial theory, but instead of presenting these merely as matters
of fact, as is done in other grammars, he weaves an intricate argu
ment from two main items: differences between adverbs and inter
jections on the one hand, and, on the other, the role of analogy and
other factors in the formation of a certain type of adverbs. The
reader should not, therefore, expect to get a full-blown treatment of
the whole theory of the adverb. This knowledge Romanus presup
poses to be already known to his audience.
This introduction and other parts of Romanus' book were in 360-
362 put by Flavius Sosipater Charisius into his ars grammatica. This
grammar, written for the benefit of his son, consists of long excerpts
from earlier grammars and kindred writings, which Charisius put
into some structure. Romanus' introduction in particular suffered for
a long time from being in a bad textual shape. In 1925 Karl Barwick
published a new edition of Charisius' grammar in which, thanks to
new source material, he was able to give a much better text of the
introduction also. At that time the study of ancient linguistics was
starting to undergo a period of much lessened attention, and that
Vlll PREFACE
may have been a main reason why this introduction did not get seri
ous attention from scholars. What had been said on it by scholars
from the editions of Lindemann (1840) and Keil (1857) onwards was
focused on a few statements picked out from it, but no scholar has
observed its peculiar way of reasoning and tried to explain it.
My own interest in this text was aroused when as a consequence of
my specialism in Greek rhetoric and grammar I was working on
ancient Greek grammatical theory and came across a reference to
the use by the Stoics of the term ltaVoElC'tT\~, "all-receiver", for the
adverb. The reference was to Romanus' text as found in Charisius'
grammar. I did not understand the text and tried to solve problems
I encountered. This happened in 1980; after that I became "addicted"
to this text and decided to write a monograph on the subject. Much
work was done in a few years, but I got distracted for various rea
sons and wrote papers on many other subjects. Consequently, the
monograph remained unfinished. In the meantime I had given at
various places papers on the introduction, both for linguists and
rhetoricians, and the response to a final one given at a small collo
quium at Leuven in 2000 made me decide to finish this book. I do
not regret the long delay, for especially in the last decade important
studies on ancient linguistics have been published which I was able
to use with much profit in my book.
The level of difficulty of the introduction is such that to give an
improved edition only is not enough; a translation and a commen
tary are indispensable too. The commentary is a philological one;
this means that it has remarks with respect to the constitution of the
text, its interpretation, its rhetorical aspects, and the grammatical
theory informing it. An overall interpretation of the argument of the
introduction will be found in a separate chapter. There I also tackle
the question whether Romanus followed literary examples or not,
and what kind of text the introduction is. A chapter on Charisius
opens this monograph. There I discuss what we know about his life
and work, and focus more specifically on the kind of work he wrote
in comparison with other Latin grammars. This chapter also goes into
the problem of Charisius' fore-runners. In the same way the chapter
on Romanus discusses the composition of his book and its purposes.
I wish to thank here first my wife for her continuing interest in my
studies. It is wonderful to be able to discuss aspects of classical texts