A Practical Guide to Television Sound Engineering This page intentionally left blank A Practical Guide to Television Sound Engineering Author Dennis Baxter AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier Acquisitions Editor: Angelina Ward Publishing Services Manager: George Morrison Project Manager: Kathryn Liston Assistant Editor: Doug Shults Marketing Manager: Christine Degon Veroulis Cover Design: Eric Decicco Production Services: www.BorregoPublishing.com Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2007, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo- copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Tech- nology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, E-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Support & Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 13: 978-0-240-80723-2 ISBN 10: 0-240-80723-5 For information on all Focal Press publications visit our website at www.books.elsevier.com 07 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America Dedication This book is dedicated to my wife and son, who were patient while I learned and practiced my art. I am grateful they were! Tremendous respect goes to the many talented sound engineers, technicians and designers who every day get the show on the air. Sometimes against all odds! This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents Introduction xi 1 Introduction to TV Sound Engineering 1 2 The Senior Audio in Charge 19 3 The Mixing Desk 49 4 The Audio Assistant 99 5 Communication Systems 119 6 Cable—Hooking It All Up 141 7 Microphones 163 8 Wireless Systems 211 Index 237 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments Thanks to some of the most talented sound designers and audio experts who spent time sharing their thoughts, expertise and vast amounts of knowledge for this book: Fred Aldous Peter Adams Denis Ryan Ron Scalise Bob Dixon Klaus Landsberg Editor: Dr. Jim Owens Reviewers: Ken Reichel Larry Estrine Peter Adams Andrea Borgato Alexander Lepges Stamatia Staikoudi Ralph Strader References: www.audio-technica.com www.calrec.com www.dolby.com www.dpamicrophones.com www.euphonix.com www.lawo.de www.sennheiser.com www.solidstatelogic.com www.stagetec.com www.telex.com Yamaha, Sound Reinforcement Handbook Streicher, Ron and Dooley, Wes “Technique for Stereophonic TV and Movie Sound,” AES, 1988 ix