A New Species Of The Genus Anelpistina (Insecta : Zygentoma : Nicoletiidae) From The Biosphere Reserve Sierra De Huautla

8 Pages·2001·2.5 MB·English

by  L Espinasa

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
114(2):489-496. 200L
A new species of the genus Anelpistina (Insecta: Zygentoma:
Nicoletiidae) from the Biosphere Reserve Sierra de Huautla
Luis Espinasa and Monika Baker Alpheis
(LE) CEAMISH, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad #1001, Col.
Chamilpa, Cuemavaca, Mor. C.P. 62210, Mexico, e-mail: [email protected];
(MBA) 6 S.P. Coons Place, Croton-on-Hudson, New York 10520, U.S.A.
—
Abstract. The Biosphere Reserve Sierrade Huautla was estabhshed in 1999
in southern Morelos, Mexico, to protect the tropical dry forest that covers most
of the region. From biodiversity studies performed in the reserve, a new spe-
cies, Anelpistina doradoi was found and is described here.
Tropical dry forests (TDF), more than Mexico, silverfish make up to 60% of the
any other ecosystem in Mexico, suffer high macroarthropods found under rocks (pers.
rates ofdeforestation from humans, exceed- obs.). Despite their ubiquity throughout
ing even those of the tropical rain forests Mexico, however, they are poorly studied
(TRF). It has been estimated that the exten- (Espinasa 1999a). Although 36 species of
sion ofland covered by TDF on the Pacific silverfish have been described in Mexico,
coast of Mesoamerica before the arrival of this is but a small fraction of what must
the Spaniards was approximately 550,000 exist (Palacios-Vargas 2000), and of the
square km (Janzen 1988). Today, only 2% species described, at least 17 (47%) can be
of that forest remains intact (Janzen 1988), found in TDF. Future research should un-
and the estimated current rate of defores- cover many new species. However, if the
tation for Mexico's TDF is around 1.9% an- present rate of deforestation continues,
nually, which translates to approximately many of these organisms may disappear
300,000 hectares per year (Miranda 1996). and be lost to science forever. This work is
Within Mexico, the TDF is host to numer- a contribution to the knowledge ofthis fau-
ous endemic species of plants and animals, na.
and consequently, its loss or misuse could
result in a dramatic reduction of the biodi- Materials and Methods
versity of the region. For example, it is es-
timated that approximately 40% of all Specimens were collected under rocks
plants found in TDF are endemic, whereas and placed in 70% alcohol or taken alive to
only 5% of plants found in Mexico's TRF the laboratory. Dissections were made with
are endemic (Dorado 2000). By the year aid of a stereo microscope and the different
2010, the projected loss in number of spe- structures of the body were mounted in
cies in TDF is between 6.8% and 13.06% fixed-preparations with Hoyer's solution.
(Monroy et al. 2000). All illustrations were made with a camera
One ofthe least-studied groups oforgan- lucida attached to a compound microscope.
isms affected by human activities and de- Types were deposited in the following
forestation is the Zygentoma (Insecta) or collections: S Holotype, 5 S paratypes and
"silverfish," which dwell in the soil and are 7 ? paratypes in LESM-DB-MEX (Labo-
of substantial ecological importance. In ratory of Ecology and Systematic of Mi-
some areas ofthe Biosphere Reserve Sierra croarthropods. Department ofBiology, Fac-
de Huautla, a TDF in southern Morelos, ulty of Sciences, UNAM. Mexico D.F).
490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Catalog numbers: ZYG-7. lie? paratypes small pegs on bigger tooth and chaetotaxy
and 3 9 paratypes are in author's collection as in Fig. IG.
at CEAMISH, UAEM. Pro-, meso- and metanotum with approx-
imately 5 macrochaetae on lateral borders
Anelpistina doradoi, new species apart from several setae of varied sizes, in
Figs. 1-4 (Fig. 2A). Legs as in Fig. 2B. Hind tibia
approximately 5X longer than wide, slight-
—
Type material. Mexico, Morelos, Tla- ly shorter than tarsus. Claws ofnormal size.
quiltenango municipality, Huautla ejido, Abdominal terga and sterna as in other
tens ofmeters behind the Biological Station members ofgenus. Abdominal sternaII-VII
Sierra de Huautla at Cruz Pintada and the subdivided into coxites and sternite. Sterna
dam of Lorenzo Vasquez, 18°27'43.4"N, VIII and IX of male entire. Appendages of
99°02'07.6"W, Under rocks, 8 Jun 2000 and urosternum IV of adult male extremely
long, similar toA. carrizalensis (Wygodzin-
22 Jul 2000, C. E. Granados-Garcia and L.
Espinasa cols. Male holotype, 16 d para- sky, 1946) and A. ruckeri (Silvestri, 1905),
but curved inward (Fig. 2E). Urosternum
typDeess,cr1i0pt?ionp.a—ratMypaexsi.mumbody length 7.5 VIII ofmale long and shallowly emarginate
mm. Maximum conserved length of anten- on posterior margin (Fig. 3A—B). Uroster-
mm num IX of male as in Fig. 3A-B without a
nae 5.0 and of caudal appendages 3.5
row of sensory cones or highly sclerotized
mm. When complete, the antennae measure
submedian longitudinal macrochaetae. Be-
slightly more than half the length of body,
hind insertion of parameres, in center, with
and caudal appendages measure approxi-
a small group of short distinct setae. Point
mately half the length of body. Body pro-
ofinsertion ofparameres in urostermum IX
portions as in Fig. lA. General color light
is deep, and in adult, internal face of coxal
yellow to white.
processes with spiniform macrochaetae
Basal article of antennae in males with-
highly sclerotized. Stylets II-VIII as usual
out projections. Pedicellus of antennae in for subfamily. Stylets IX larger than others,
adult male as in Fig. IB, almost as long as
with 2 macrochaetae and an extra subapical
1st article and with unicellular glands clus- pair. Terminal spine with small teeth. In
tered approximately in 3 groups, one of males and females styles without modifi-
them very long. Pedicellus injuvenile male cations. Urotergite X shallowly emarginat-
half as long as 1st article and with almost ed in both sexes, posterior angles with 2 +
no unicellular glands (Fig. IC). Femalebas- 2 macrochaetae and a few relatively strong
al articles of antennae simple. Head with setae, length of inner macrochaetae almost
macrochaeta and microchaeta as in Fig. ID, equal to distance between them (Fig. 3C).
with approximately 8 + 8 macrochaetae on Penis and parameres as in Fig. 3A-B.
border of insertion of antennae. Parameres attaining slightly above Vi the
Mouthpcirts relatively long, maxilla as in length of stylets IX in adults. Surface of
Fig. IE. Last article of maxillary palp ap- parameres with short setae. Subgenital plate
proximately Vz longer than penultimate. of female rounded (Fig. 4A-C). Ovipositor
Apex of maxillary palp with 2 conules, one in female adults surpassing apex of stylets
longer than wide and the other wider than IX by slightly less than 3X length ofstylets
long. Labial palp as in Fig. IF, apical article (Fig. 4C). Gonapophyses with approximate-
barely longer than wide and only slightly ly 21 articles.
longer than next to last article. Penultimate Cerci of adult male with a longer than
article with bulge containing 2 macrochae- wide basal article, sometimes followed by
tae. Labium and 1st article of labial palp a wider than long, then a very long article
with macrochaetae. Mandibles without very bearing numerous spines, followed by nu-
VOLUME NUMBER
114, 2 491
Fig. 1. Anelpistinadoradoi, new species. A, Adultmaleparatype; B, D-G, Adultmale holotype; C,juvenile
male paratype; A, Dorsal view; B-C, Postembryonic development in male basal portion of antenna; D, Head"
E, Maxilla; E Labial palp and labium; G, Mandible.
492 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 2. Anelpistina doradoi, new species. A-B, E, Adult male holotype; C-D, Juvenile male paratypes; A,
Thoracic nota; B, Hind leg; C-E, Postembryonic development in male appendages ofurosternum IV.
VOLUME NUMBER
114, 2 493
Vl' -M -'t r i ' l',l 'r
-\ -> 1 i i'I"''.' '.'\l
-V-f-ri-y-'-r'-KX
/- f''.V/J0"/' M i >
y
/.1\X
D
4LV5
//'V\
nsmm H
Fig. 3. Anelpistina doradoi, new species. A, C-D, dult male holotype; B, E, juvenile male paratype; A-B,
Postembryonic development in male genital area; C, Apex of abdomen, dorsal view; D-E, Postembryonic
development in male cerci.
494 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
V /»/ A'fi I 11('?I1
Y)
M
1} A
mm
-N
Ml
Q,5mm
Fig. 4. Anelpistina doradoi, new species. A-C, Postembryonic development in female ovipositor and su-
bgenital plate.
merous short articles of simple chaetotaxy. 3D). In some individuals, spines in cerci are
Spines consist of two strong, subacute ones asymmetrical; one ofthe cercus spines is as
inserted in tubercles, a very small one and stated above and the other has 3 strong,
a long, acute and slightly curved one (Fig. subacute spines inserted in tubercles and
VOLUME 114, NUMBER 2 495
then the other two small and long ones. Fe- can be easily subdividedby themorphology
male cerci simple. of the appendages of urostemum IV (Fig.
&
Postembryonic development in male 2C-E). Anelpistina decui (Wygodzinsky
complex. In younger instars ofless than 4.5 Holinger 1977) and A. inappendicata (Es-
mm, the pedicellus ofantennae halfas long pinasa 1999b) lack them. In A. weyrauchi
as 1st article and without unicellular glands (Wygodzinsky 1959), the medium-sizedap-
(Fig. IC), appendages ofurostemum IV ei- pendages have a small subapical projection
ther absent or small (Fig. 2C), parameres on outer margin, and two projections at
attaining slightly below Vi of stylets IX both sides of insertion of stylets. Adults of
(Fig. 3B), urostemum IX coxal processes A. anophtalma (Bilimek 1867), A. wheeleri
without spiniform macrochaetae, and cerci (Silvestri 1905), A. miranda (Silvestri
without spines or spines slender and not 1912), A. boneti (Wygodzinsky 1946), A.
highly sclerotized (Fig. 3E). Individuals of bolivari (Wygodzinsky 1946), andA. cuax-
mm mm
4.5 to less than 5 acquire 4 spi- ilotla (Espinasa 1999b) have simple ap-
niform macrochaetae highly sclerotized on pendages ofmedium size, theirlengthbeing
the coxal processes of urostemum IX (Fig. slightly longer than the length of uroster-
3B). Individuals of more than 5 mm pro- num IV and less than 5X longer than wide.
gressively acquire the adult length of ped- Anelpistina ruckeri and A. carrizalensis
icellus and their unicellular glands (Fig. have simple appendages of very long size,
IB), appendages of urostemum IV become their length being approximately equal to
of medium size (Fig. 2D) and then adult twice the length ofurostemum IV and more
size (Fig. 2E), parameres attain slightly than 6X longerthan wide. To this lastgroup
above 1/2 of stylets IX (Fig. 3A), uroster- belongs the new species, but it can be dif-
num IX coxal processes acquire 6 and then ferentiated from A. ruckeri and A. carriza-
8 spiniform macrochaeta (Fig. 3A), and the lensis because in both species appendages
cerci attain the robust spines (Fig. 3D). The of urostemum IV are curved outward and
shortest male collected is 4.0 mm and the urotergite X is deeply emarginated on the
longest 7.5 mm. posterior border, while only in the new spe-
In females, the length of ovipositor in- cies appendages are curved inward (Fig.
creases proportionally with body size. At a 2E) and urotergite X is only shallowly
length of3 mm, ovipositor barely surpasses emarginated (Fig. 3C).
base ofstylets IX. At 4 mm, itreaches apex Furthermore, the new species can be dif-
of stylets IX (Fig. 4A). Longer body sizes ferentiated from other congeners by its par-
mm
of up to 7 bring an increase of size ticular set of spines on cerci. While A.
(Fig. 3B) until ovipositor surpasses apex of wheeler, A. ruckeri (although not shown in
stylets IX by slightly less than 3X length of Silvestri's 1905 drawings), A. carrizalensis
stylets (Fig. 3C). The shortest female col- and A. inappendicata have nine or more
mm
lected is 3—.0 and the longest 7.0 mm. spines of subequal size, and A. decui, A.
Range. Known only from the type lo- weyrauchi, A. anophtalma, A. miranda, A.
cality. — boneti, A. bolivari, andA. cuaxilotla spines
Etymology. The species is named for consist basically ofa long, acute and slight-
Dr. Oscar Dorado, Director of the Centro ly curved one inserted in a tubercle, a very
de Educacion Ambiental e Investigacion Si- small one, a strong, subacute one inserted
erra de Huautla (CEAMISH) at the Auton- in tubercle, and sometimes a fourth very
amous University of the State of Morelos small one, the new species has the same
(UAEM), to recognize his efforts in estab- three distal spines, but then instead of no
lishing Sierra de Huautla, the type locality spine or a very small one, it has another
of this new—species, as a biosphere reserve. one or two strong, subacute ones inserted
Remarks. Adult males of Anelpistina in tubercles (Fig. 3D).
——
496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
Females are more difficultto differentiate bacubaninae(Insecta: Z—ygentoma: Nicoletiidae)
within the genus, and the change in length from a Mexican cave. Proceedings ofthe Bi-
ological Society ofWashington 112:52-58.
of the ovipositor on the postembryonic de- . 1999b. Two new species of the genus Anel-
velopment might cause confusion. For the pistina (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae)from
new species, ovipositor in female adults Mexi—can caves, with redescription of the ge-
surpasses apex of stylets IX by slightly less nus. Proceedings ofthe Biological Society of
Washington 112:59-69.
than thrice the length of stylets (average of
2.72 times in females measuring 7 mm, Janzen, D. H. 1988. Tropical dry forests: the mosten-
dangered major tropical ecosystem. Pp. ISO-
range from 2.6-2.8, n — 3) and gonapo- IS? in E. O. Wilson, ed.. Biodiversity. National
physes with approximately 21 articles. A. Academy Press, Washington.
weyrauchi has a much longer ovipositor Miranda, A. 1996. Tr—opical seasonal forests: Between
(surpasses 5X) with 30 cirticles. Every other Monroyl,ifeR.a,nHd.deCaotlhi.n, &OceJl.oCt.l 5B:o2y8a-s35D.elgado. 2000.
species with the exception of A. wheeleri Sintesis. Pp. 159-161 in R. Monroy, H. Colin,
and A. miranda have in different degrees, &J. C. BoyasDelgado,eds.,Los sistemasagro-
smaller ovipositors with fewer articles. Fe- forestales de latinoamerica y la selva baja cad-
males of A. ruckeri have not been de- ucifoliaenMexico. InstituteNacionaldeInves-
tigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias.
scribed.
Mexico.
Palacios-Vargas, J. G. 2000. Archaeognatha y zygen-
Acknowledgments toma. Pp. 285-291 in J. Llorente Bousquets, E.
Gonzalez Soriano & N. Papavero, eds., Biodiv-
We thank Clemente Eduardo Granados- ersidad, taxonomia y biogeografia de Mexico:
Garcfa for collecting the samples, and the hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento, vol. II.
staff of CEAMISH and the biological sta- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.
Mexico.
tion of the Biosphere Reserve Sierra de
Silvestri, F. 1905. Materiali per lo studio dei Tisanuri.
Huautla at Cruz Pintada for their support. VI. Tre nuove specie di N—icoletia appartenenti
Partial support was also given to the project ad un nuovo sottogenero. Redia (Firenze) 2:
by FOMES 98. 111-120. —
. 1912. Tisanuri finoranoti del Messico. Bol-
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el Mexico rural: Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Ciencia 7:15-25.
de Huautla, Morelos. Pp. 166-185 in R. Mon- . 1959. Contribution to the Knowledge of the
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cionaldeInvestigacionesForestalesAgncolasy Nicoletiidae from Cuba (Thysanura). Resul-
Pecuarias. Mexico. tatsdesExpeditionsBiospeleologiquesCubano-
Espinasa, L. 1999a. AnewgenusofthesubfamilyCu- Roumaines a Cuba 2:313-324.