A Living Russian Grammar

179 Pages·2007·6.94 MB·English

by  Natalia Bitekhtina, Larisa Grushevskaya, Yulia Sheina

The Regional Centre for French and Russian Studies

A Living
Russian

(eT e-lanlantela

BEGINNER
INTERMEDIATE
Contents

‘Nouns and gender.
2-Nouns slngulsr ane! pital.
3-Parsanal pronouns.
‘LPessessives In the nominative.
5-The declenston of nauns,
The gente (nnn
‘7The genitlve (2
‘a-The genltive 8) after Brepostons.
‘The dative (1).
t0-The dative (2)
11-The nocuastive (dltect abjeet.
12-The instumental (1.
15-The Instrumental (2)
14-The prepositional (location)
15-Ths prepositional cose (2)
‘Tha prepositional withthe prepoalion “ Q"

Talking about something. 3
‘Y6-Movement to and from, and being ota place
Tae? Kyaa? Orxyaa? 34
{7-Verbe: tenses and aspecia 38
15-The present lense. 60
15-tho pasl tense (1) 2
20-The pest tenes (2. sa
21-The future 6
22-The imperativ st
28-To go Mara and Exare. 7
fers af mation (1)

withoul 2 pratx.. cy
25.erbs of mation (2)

with a prefi 7
28.Yerbs of position

rome, raster, nocrasiTe oo. a0
27Metos in on or reflexive verb. 4
22-Adjectives (1), re
2a.Adjectives (2)

Long forms and short Forms. 0
sb-Advarte., 4
31 Comparatives and superlatives 9
$32.Damonstrative pronouns

[DROF. 97a) BO. STH TOT, F2, 7 TR cc DH
33 Hollexive pronouns

eof, cao, cu08. ceon, ceGn, 106

‘a4-Adjoctival pronouns
eee, Kanab, Bema, MOBO;
a Doublenegatlves
ne one. nothing, never.
‘36Indefnite pronouns and adverbe
Ino and -suByau,
$7-Caralnal numbers,
438-0relnal numbers,
39-Guantly:cearute crow?
KOLNO ADEM? wa RONCO?.

AD

Abstentiication
‘of a person oF of an objéctin
‘1-Asking questions(1)
Inlerrogatlve pronouns.
‘a2-Atking questions (2)
‘wilhout a questian wor
aaPosseasion eo haven
‘Se-Presence and absenc
45-Time (1,
a6-Time (2,
{@7-Thme (8) duration of tine.
48 Possible, necessary, forbicen
MORO, HYAMO [HAAO} HANLAR
49:Must, need, have to.
‘ROME, H>ner :
50-Phyateal and emotionsl sates.

SHANG amd but. 8 Ho
52-The structure of complex sentenc 23. 154
59-The relative pronouns

OTOH, KoTOPER, KErOpOE. KOTOPHI. 156
58-Logicalelatlenships

catia, effect and purpose, 158
55-The conalilan, possibilty and wishes... 160
56-tro and sod 164
S7-Reported speech. 196
Regular declensions 185
Inragutar declensions, 168
The declension of adjectives. 170
‘The declension of pronauns. rial
‘The declension of numbers, 12
Verba: imperteclive / perfective 15
verba of mation, 176
Yerba af motion with prefixes

{Aspect pers) 176
Conjugetions, 7
Index 179
Forward

ewes
“Tne” Living Russian Granta nfondel fr university studens and or sttdants Ir sevoalsandcallegos as
ssall as for adults a: bagi ane and rear-bog "nel evel. I can also usally bo used by intend loamers wha
‘Nh loravlow and consolidate new lergvage skis. other witha teachor, ori sll stay nod.

Devatopment
“Tne “Living Puseian Grama” was conceldby a group of ussianteache's atthe Comte fr Frowch and
Fuxsian Stides (CHEF) in Maccow: Itrespands tothe needs o eames who wish o acquit the kasics a
Sommareation in Russ an witha cone lox: aad gra matical bass

re Eook was teed in front versions. and mprcved ip response 10 toedoack from
sadents, usinoss people, cipomats,cxpats oc

shents at ORFF

Prineples
ais grammardoes nat au-aom tobe a ful deseption othe Fussian lr guage. tis teaching and lesming tol
asa on a sslecion of the most essential grirratical stuctues, and invodc ag an active avd Sef
‘oval, Wohave tied fo show how ingListeolomontsae organised and used area contexts. Inarder 0
‘eee uo with comtemporary Ingu skcresca-cr we have tice to avoid tc usc cf an over special serttechrical
vocabulary, which might confuse ‘eamers, Silay © have only used oxamples that ~ightlee consiered
“nate atts love of sty

‘atl, ec have always atlorpied to mace he loaming of Russian grammna legs abstr, mons intrratin,
and moro mouaing

Layout
Tre book comprises 56 uns, which allew separate resoarch af each grammatcs| tapi, ap wel a sat of
grammancal tbls atthe ord In he unis, grammatical po msare explained on the ef-hand pages, wih ie
‘Bkamaios, and exorcises ip pracie the language ate given on the “gathand page. Caran rare complex
[Tarnmatial topics are spitaver several its

‘e nape mat is volue sl nel ya find please and ease in aq rng the aasies of enyay ussian. a
language oe often consideredtabe a cffau oneta lean

We wlan you good luekt

Treauihors
1 NOURS and GERDER

GENDER
| 6 Tren aa three ganders riscuire nin ne andrea. Yeuscan tl hers ana by thei ending

masculine : masculine rans and niu eenieonant orn A, ore: ropoa a fowe pyre fer
yoen a mseum),puiten(ateschen,

feminine :feninir® nouns end in -aorin-or-p: rama
"ane ta aco

1p} rompja ie gi ene, cars (aa

router | nOU'e! Mo.RS Bhd 0 OF -@-OF I sn ons (a acon, Seu tha a, wp te

| __ @ Some mascuting nous ha: testo peuple ondin a ora
Trey decine ike fone nouns, but words thal elt Ue (adhvlive lor example) ara asc,
Ts appies qual y to mascul'scat.ive-tavw lorms that endin-

syseoa (a mar buyin (gmdate ‘cama oescdag) Mua Maar
age tones) OUI. tying man Copsxa Copia) VatalT6ip)

“2 Houne thatendin can 26 eithor feminine or masculine,

masculine feminine
pane ice ayy RRRYAN ney am, vie (wot, uit) mt

Icom inegoent comipe tw novus | nein ap aus) Sm ne)
ge (he am soirere ie ichetang | Temine he evemie donk) eh Ue Dg

or hava no feminine form: apgakar (a inayer, p48 dc

bertin aan nt dee a pre
| aoropie 2 Msn). maNHSp jen engine,

On woendp. Heisan sginaee — Oan unenerd,

{hor such nouns are sed vith he ame of parson avd averbir the past tense. the verb aprass th
therame ol tha perso:

Vrownbp Mergen npurd. Engwass Pataca hasan.

4 The word konne bur bo mesuline or finn:

1a wom couvra Bikrop. These catescue Vita
‘io wor onw-Gia Onna Fre ey conaazue Clg,

+ Thora av invariable nouns, usually rou of foreign origin. Most ofthese nouns are nelter
vnanvid i eae nib ts ins) a pO (2 meno, bu: née (ote) is masculine

+ Tha gendor oli arable aroper raune igronraphical names, nevisnepe:tilan. ete.) Anrespands 2
tne nando he noun denctng the mnlegony to whi hey belong

lash np (Geapa oe ta
Hoes Tapa Mant eypHen: apa
Pour nor STPARHEHE
1) Sort the wards in the list below according to their gander:

‘apa anpHen, PuupyraL HA cron, Tenecbow. npSoNs, niAD, paBoTA, anMhte. cryR. A. yA
ApSHAAI. HOMO. RPQIARh CEORA, THTBAAR. REAM TAGETA, AL. BUHD,YRAKAE, HATUTYT
DEP, Wants, per OkEHE, ANY n KOMPEDEM I, IBDN, OAD

Mosculine: ropon,

Feminine : mony,

Plural

2 Anawerthe questions using the following wrarda:
Foy, ras, pve, Spar, x, neapyra, cece

I-krosre?-Stomon

2-lroaT? -SrowoR,

3-Orarana

4-kro sre? -310 Woh __.

S-lirosm? - Orono ___

6- Oro ran

Tekno sro? -Brewon

3. Find three nouns for esch of the categories belove:

temaseulira. ending nagonsenan) =
2 feminine ending in: —
neuter. ending ino ee

masculine, ond ngin # SSS
5 -femirina, ancingin sy :
8 masculine, onding re eee

+ maseuting, ending in — — —

4 Find the odd one out In egen of the lists below:

am, 13, pi, TR
repay. con, ci0uaps, NOWOETE. oe
pew, Aes, hoa, eRyuN
yy oun, Moet Mockea, cron,
cei. Boke, edb. ene, “DEI
NOUKS
singular and plural

Gro narasin Fro wawiia, ‘Gre on,
This @ op. Thief a car This ¢ninaon
romain Sro wai Sto diva,

These ora shore. Treso sre ca These are wines

THE NOMINATIVE PLURAL

“e enera ral

Noun endings ehange according ta gender ane number.
“Thenominative plural endings areas follows:

maseutine Feminine euler
bl bt AD “ACH
crys ta enaleat 9 eryaéarot nana ine sop) > navn ane (te wanes > pend
pote (ne d5y) ana foie team > Apion ope (te

SPELLING RULES

oon ie eve oben} > acer

-Thesa aro generally odo with phonetie. Cerin laters may na oles each other.

@ aflortne consonams Fr, KX aid IK, 4, Wi, Le: wre

Tr tira tee noon > tira
K ypix (ee scar) > yim
X aroxn chearecrs anda
XK sTax we A > orev
M epas ite econ > oh
We raparasu fire gone) > xapanuaul
Wy nnaw herarecud > nnauy

- @-bsasce natn nH fem nine ncuns in -B and alguns in ishave a noeinatve plural n

“pas (9 ean) > nase riba aun 3 “oT

anf fm) ln eelonn > CRORE

‘empl (fhe exes hook) > Tena
Rouns sinauise and oral YTPAMHEHUS

11 Give the nominative plural of the following words:

peviopah noapyra powerwe
ypion rowan recynaperao

ewe perpen ronuye -
ewora ap wp ene

en09.p oraet mesons
obwe nposneva ceo

aun _ rowiara —. ame

2 ut tne fotiowing into the plural:
‘exam: 210 ria. 370 yu

Samosa Sioa
Sra, 31 Gae

Biome, Brose —
Sropeciopa Brabus

Siomaawm — Bromma
Sro maura, socrany - -
Stowe, | Shemp -

3 Givothe nominative singular ofthe following words:

pant bunoate rocramnst
sapor aves nena

yrs reapy rorya

weauint enn — aorywences

eos ert rmapmipes

Reply inthe negative, putting the word In brackets imo the plu
Example ~ 310 ann? fenonene) -HeT. oto Hexen, STD cRORADH

4. srorsonas? erat —- Se e

2 Gre uxons? (reer)

3. Bro pra? (rapanaau) - oo
44+ Ste cern? (rapyr) - oe
5- Srosemrmierape frensecp) = a

13+ Se nasa? (eye) a = eee
IRREGULAR PLURAL FORMS

4 Nouns tnthavesa change othe stem:

ssa0ounne
ove enh > apy cryniine stat > cryma Spar thedrahen > Gira
seiiouse te psrsonl > kin — yseTE(hedomen D> users een tne ciel > AEH

ou ie sen) coon. ae

pone the anugnieg > poop
are te motte) > Weropa ate

Nake
epee (he rea > ape
pons ie ams) > spawned, va ne
Amora se spp) -P HBnc ot

name) 2 sere.

@ Mascutine nouns with stressod-A G8) ending in the narinatve ola

per re ew) > pera mpabéccopithenoteson > nanthoncead
Srattene ie ease) > parend angse ite antes > annecd

Easep ite esa) > Bane REA oem > rap

‘aon (te house} > ed ncaa ie sepa Pnaeno
raga fe nar) 2 reoaad 7 (ie eye FASB

(4s in English, cetsin nouns have na plural. This incurs substances, falings, a. (hing that saanot

be counted

sia teh ne ats ‘sonore hap woe
rts (o5e7| tomcat Hegr(o

ame (sa Eabe6p (2a) eer 1900
irs teas ste (ove) caer Insc

4# Asir English certain rouns have ne singular. This includes werds that n some way desigrate apa,
ard certain other rune

aot tessa ‘act fac or atom) asin ive ats)

saturn fone) yx (pone) “exes! (28605),

ir 128 Hours) po rouse

# Centar reuternounsotfersign air never change heir encngs:

erp, nan, RK. nankTO. eR

0
SIPAXHEHMR

1 Give the nominative singular of the following words (there is ane
onyms meas ames
open gem wommnue
rasan ama noes
wpm wise oir

eta mee ae

2 hich of the words in the following lists has ne singular farm?

1 pis, 98 aa, Honey aA oet
2 smart ess, ory, eee, waaaa

Spy, senaiIgOUA Mou Han, KOMEN

S-RATH mm, caeaer, et oronsagan

3. Which of the words in the following lists has no phiral form?
Give the plural form ofthe remaining words,

samme — ee yeporie
renee a Syure
macro ape 5

samo ee semen
same rsenone _- rene =

4 Give the nominative phwal ofthe fllawing wards {if there is ana):

en cose a
tet omtnemnet YAO ance ee Super
— a oe
-_ ‘oo wee
mo on on —
3 PERSONAL
fronouns

Roan ‘Onde TRowao ie ——‘Mpewonéaie?” A, ond xondarne

Jar Fret Stee Fondoe fine son eae?

Th ard Bib :the twovnords ct

Toi ls used wher speaking 1 fairly members, Heads, chi dren, ad Cod,
‘Batis used for pokteness and respect, and when talking tomo than cne person

+ When Bis used politely to acdress one aetson +e verbs that accompany fare in he plural
— Aaa, Grima 8 NéKgaHeT Ann, yu mn fe Fons?

‘when you use a shart fonn adjective with Brit goes in the plural butlong form adestives are in
‘me singular and agree in gender ain me person desorbed.

Vipin, 861 mpm. ns, ye ste on
Heres, aed nn Rpacinaal Nota, Mow ayes
= Annpail atSi an Yana acing ar cever fou we!

© hen adessing someor® formally, is suelo eta Bits with scape «Bs

Tecnojit Churn Bi yore suger... Cw Me Si, 8 yoy amteay Boom

(OH (HE or IT szscuue

OWA (SHE or IT revarane}, OHO (IT N=LTEH)
One used forrsascutin2 nouns, One's used for feminine 70uns, Owe i Use forreuter nouns.
Inthe use proncans. no dstinar is made bewween animate and inaimete nuns,

— Srovuni rouneore, On cance Hons, — Sro wok wana. On aseneTs
Tansy mv compan is ene = Thisis my sche Missin

~ Bro chpayarane aMHG? — ti Fron! a
Aa, O46 Ha DoaIUAL~ Yo: ere hre Ree

DECLENSION: Personal pronounsd

ain according othr function inne nentance,

| ' | you ~ helt’ [~shelit | “Wie — you’ | ~~ they
Nominanve a ee eel | wo |
Soule” wai wk selen) athaw) tee oe | mtn |
i ee Sle Seals eS) oo.
SS Se ie 2) ss |
vemenia oh) wash om C8h | es chy | wero
Prepositional otoaé | oTa6d One neh ona | O@ae ona!