A Dictionary of Neurological Signs PDF
Preview A Dictionary of Neurological Signs
A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS THIRDEDITION A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS THIRD EDITION A.J.LARNER MA,MD,MRCP(UK),DHMSA ConsultantNeurologist WaltonCentreforNeurologyandNeurosurgery,Liverpool HonoraryLecturerinNeuroscience,UniversityofLiverpool SocietyofApothecaries’HonoraryLecturerinthe HistoryofMedicine,UniversityofLiverpool Liverpool,U.K. 123 AndrewJ.LarnerMAMDMRCP(UK) DHMSA WaltonCentreforNeurology &Neurosurgery LowerLane L97LJLiverpool,UK ISBN978-1-4419-7094-7 e-ISBN978-1-4419-7095-4 DOI10.1007/978-1-4419-7095-4 SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010937226 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2001,2006,2011 Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpart withoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher(SpringerScience+BusinessMedia, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformof information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden. Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilar terms,eveniftheyarenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionof opinionastowhetherornottheyaresubjecttoproprietaryrights. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurate atthedateofgoingtopress,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material containedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) ToSue Nilsatisnisioptimum CECILY:...DrChasubleisamostlearnedman.Hehasnever writtenasinglebook,soyoucanimaginehowmuchheknows. OscarWilde Theimportanceofbeingearnest:1899,ActIII Thetendencytoappearexactbydisregardingthecomplexity ofthefactorsistheoldfailinginourmedicalhistory. J.Curnow Citedin:CritchleyM,CritchleyEA. JohnHughlingsJackson.FatherofEnglishNeurology. NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1998:106 FOREWORDTOTHEFIRSTEDITION Neurologyhasalwaysbeenadisciplineinwhichcarefulphysicalexaminationis paramount. The rich vocabulary of neurology replete with eponyms attests to thishistorically.Thedeclineintheimportanceoftheexaminationhaslongbeen predictedwiththeadventofmoredetailedneuroimaging.However,neuroimag- inghasoftenprovidedasurfeitofinformationfromwhichsalientfeatureshave tobeidentified,dependentupontheneurologicalexamination.Adictionaryof neurologicalsignshasasecurefuture. Adictionaryshouldbeinformativebutunlessitisunwieldy,itcannotbecompre- hensive,noristhatclaimedhere.AndrewLarnerhasdecidedsensiblytoinclude keyfeaturesofthehistoryaswellastheexamination.Thereisnodoubtthatsome featuresofthehistorycanstrikeonewiththeforceofaphysicalsign.Thereare entriesfor‘palinopsia’and‘environmentaltilt’bothofwhichcanonlybeelicited fromthehistoryandyetwhichhaveconsiderablesignificance.Thereisalsoan entryforthe‘headturningsign’observedduringthehistorytakingitselfaswell asthemajorityofentriesrelatingtodetailsofthephysicalexamination. Thisbookisdirectedtostudentsandwillbevaluabletomedicalstudents,trainee neurologists, and professions allied to medicine. Neurologists often speak in shorthandandsoentriessuchas‘absence’and‘freezing’aresensibleandhelpful. Forthemorematurestudent,therearethelessusualaswellascommoneponyms toenticeonetoreadfurtherthantheentrywhichtookyoufirsttothedictionary. MartinN.Rossor ProfessorofClinicalNeurology NationalHospitalforNeurologyandNeurosurgery QueenSquare London -ix- PREFACETOTHIRDEDITION To paraphrase John Hughlings Jackson (1835–1911), clinical phenomena are experimentsonthenervoussystemmadebydisease.Neurologicalsignsmight therefore be (loosely) characterized as the ‘dependent variables’ of the experi- ments wrought by neurological disease. Observing or eliciting these signs may thereforegiveinsightintoneurologicaldiseaseprocesses.(Detailsofneurolog- icaldisordersmentionedinpassinginthisbookmaybefoundelsewhere,ina companionvolume.1)However,asmentionedintheprefacetothefirstedition ofthisbook,2theaccuracyandprecisionofmostneurologicalsignsremaintobe definedattheleveloftraditionalprobabilisticparameters(specificity,sensitivity, positiveandnegativepredictivevalues,likelihoodratios,etc.),perhapsbecause thisundertakingisalessalluringprospectforresearchthan,say,neuroimaging andneurogenetics.Thankfully,theclinicalexaminationstillhassomesupporters (notmerelyapologists),andneurologicalsignsfeatureprominentlyamongstthe corecompetencies.3Clinicians,asopposedtoacademics,maybeideallyplacedto undertaketheaforementionedstudiesinthecontextoftheirday-to-dayclinical practice. A.J.Larner REFERENCES 1. LarnerAJ,ColesAJ,ScoldingNJ,BarkerRA.TheA-Zofneurologicalpractice. Aguidetoclinicalneurology(2ndedition).London:Springer,inpress. 2. Larner AJ. A dictionary of neurological signs. Clinical neurosemiology. Dordrecht:Kluwer,2001:xii. 3. VergheseA,HorwitzRI.Inpraiseofthephysicalexamination.BMJ2009;339: b5448. -xi- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In preparing this third edition, particular thanks are due to friends and colleagueswhohavecommentedontheearliereditions,namely(inalphabetical order)AlasdairColes,AnuJacob,AlexLeff,MiratulMuqit,ParashkevNachev, andSivakumarSathasivam.AtSpringer,Iamgratefulforsupportandencour- agement received from Paula Callaghan, Lindsey Reilly, Brian Belval, Brian O’Connor, Richard Lansing, and Manika Power. All errors and shortcomings whichremainareentirelymyownwork. -xiii- CONTENTS ForewordtotheFirstEditionbyMartinN.Rossor ix PrefacetoThirdEdition xi Acknowledgements xiii A: Abadie’sSigntoAutotopagnosia 1 B: Babinski’sSigntoButt-FirstManoeuvre 55 C: CacogeusiatoCzarnecki’sSign 71 D: Dalrymple’sSigntoDystonia 101 E: EarClicktoEyelidApraxia 125 F: Face–handTesttoFunnelVision 135 G: GagReflextoGynaecomastia 155 H: HabitSpasmtoHypotropia 165 I: IcePackTesttoIridoplegia 193 J: JacksonianMarchtoJunctionalScotoma,Junctional ScotomaofTraquair 199 K: Kayser–FleischerRingstoKyphoscoliosis 203 L: LagophthalmostoLuriaTest 207 M: MacrographiatoMyotonia 215 N: Narcolepsy,NarcolepticSyndrometoNystagmus 237 -xv-
The list of books you might like
