A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space PDF
Preview A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space
Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space UNEDITED PREPUBLICATION—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space Committee on the Decadal Survey for Earth Science and Applications from Space Space Studies Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences A Consensus Study Report of UNEDITED PREPUBLICATION–SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This study is based on work supported by the Contract ….. between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication and do not necessarily reflect the views of any agency or organization that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-XXXXX-X International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-XXXXX-X Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org.10.17226/24938 Copies of this publication are available free of charge from: Space Studies Board The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this publication are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2018 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested Citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org.10.17226/24938. UNEDITED PREPUBLICATION–SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. T h r i v i n g o n O u r C h a n g i n g P l a n e t : A D e c a d a l S t r a t e g y f o r E a r t h O b s e r v a t i o n f r o m S p a c e The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. UNEDITED PREPUBLICATION–SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION C o p y r i g h t N a t i o n a l A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task. Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies. For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo. UNEDITED PREPUBLICATION–SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space COMMITTEE ON THE DECADAL SURVEY FOR EARTH SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS FROM SPACE WALEED ABDALATI, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Chair WILLIAM B. GAIL, Global Weather Corporation, Co-Chair 1 2 ANTONIO J. BUSALACCHI, JR., NAE, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Co-Chair STEVEN J. BATTEL, NAE, Battel Engineering, Inc. STACEY W. BOLAND, Jet Propulsion Laboratory ROBERT D. BRAUN, NAE, University of Colorado SHUYI S. CHEN, University of Washington 3 WILLIAM E. DIETRICH, NAS, University of California, Berkeley SCOTT C. DONEY, University of Virginia CHRISTOPHER B. FIELD, NAS, Stanford University HELEN A. FRICKER, Scripps Institution of Oceanography SARAH T. GILLE, Scripps Institution of Oceanography DENNIS L. HARTMANN, NAS, University of Washington DANIEL J. JACOB, Harvard University ANTHONY C. JANETOS, Boston University EVERETTE JOSEPH, University of Albany, SUNY 4 MOLLY K. MACAULEY, Resources for the Future JOYCE E. PENNER, University of Michigan SOROOSH SOROOSHIAN, NAE, University of California, Irvine GRAEME L. STEPHENS, NAE, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech BYRON D. TAPLEY, NAE, University of Texas, Austin W. STANLEY WILSON, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Staff ARTHUR CHARO, Senior Program Officer, Study Director LAUREN EVERETT, Program Officer CHARLES HARRIS, Research Associate (through August 2016) MARCHEL HOLLE, Research Associate (from November 2016) ANDREA REBHOLZ, Program Coordinator MICHAEL H. MOLONEY, Director, Space Studies Board and Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board 1 Member, National Academy of Engineering. 2 Resigned from the committee on May 5, 2016. 3 Member, National Academy of Sciences. 4 Dr. Macauley passed away on July 8, 2016. UNEDITED PREPUBLICATION–SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION v Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space Panel on Global Hydrological Cycles and Water Resources ANA P. BARROS, Duke University, Co-Chair JEFF DOZIER, University of California, Santa Barbara, Co-Chair NEWSHA AJAMI, Stanford University JOHN D. BOLTEN, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 1 DARA ENTEKHABI, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology GRAHAM E. FOGG, University of California, Davis EFI FOUFOULA-GEORGIOU, University of California, Irvine DAVID C. GOODRICH, U.S. Department of Agriculture TERRIS S. HOGUE, Colorado School of Mines JEFFREY S. KARGEL, University of Arizona CHRISTIAN D. KUMMEROW, Colorado State University VENKAT LAKSHMI, University of South Carolina 2 3 ANDREA RINALDO, NAS /NAE, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne EDWIN WELLES, Deltares ERIC F. WOOD, NAE, Princeton University ARTHUR CHARO, Senior Program Officer, Study Director ED DUNNE, Program Officer (through July 2017) LAUREN EVERETT, Program Officer (from July 2017) TAMARA DAWSON, Program Coordinator Panel on Weather and Air Quality: Minutes to Subseasonal STEVEN A. ACKERMAN, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Co-Chair NANCY L. BAKER, Naval Research Laboratory, Co-Chair PHILIP E. ARDANUY, INNOVIM, LLC ELIZABETH A. BARNES, Colorado State University STANLEY G. BENJAMIN, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MARK A. BOURASSA, Florida State University BRYAN N. DUNCAN, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 4 YING-HWA KUO, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research CHARLES E. KOLB, NAE, Aerodyne Research, Inc. W. PAUL MENZEL, University of Wisconsin-Madison MARIA A. PIRONE, Harris Corporation ARMISTEAD G. RUSSELL, Georgia Institute of Technology JULIE O. THOMAS, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego DUANE W. WALISER, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology XUBIN ZENG, University of Arizona ARTHUR CHARO, Senior Program Officer, Study Director SANDRA GRAHAM, Senior Program Officer ANDREA REBHOLZ, Program Associate 1 Member, National Academy of Engineering. 2 Resigned from the panel on June 6, 2017. 3 Member, National Academy of Sciences. 4 Resigned from the panel on September 14, 2016. UNEDITED PREPUBLICATION–SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION vi Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space Panel on Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems and Natural Resource Management COMPTON J. TUCKER, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Co-Chair JAMES A. YODER, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Co-Chair GREGORY P. ASNER, NAS, Carnegie Institution for Science FRANCISCO CHAVEZ, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute INEZ Y. FUNG, NAS, University of California, Berkeley SCOTT GOETZ, Woods Hole Research Center PATRICK N. HALPIN, Duke University ERIC HOCHBERG, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences CHRISTIAN J. JOHANNSEN, Purdue University RAPHAEL M. KUDELA, University of California, Santa Cruz GREGORY W. MCCARTY, U.S. Department of Agriculture LINDA O. MEARNS, National Center for Atmospheric Research LESLEY E. OTT, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center MARY JANE PERRY, University of Maine DAVID A. SIEGEL, University of California, Santa Barbara DAVID L. SKOLE, Michigan State University SUSAN L. USTIN, University of California, Davis CARA WILSON, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ARTHUR CHARO, Senior Program Officer, Study Director CONSTANCE KARRAS, Program Officer PAYTON KULINA, Senior Program Assistant JAMES HEISS, Postdoctoral Fellow Panel on Climate Variability and Change: Seasonal to Centennial CAROL ANNE CLAYSON, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Co-Chair VENKATACHALAM RAMASWAMY, NOAA GFDL, Co-Chair ARLYN E. ANDREWS, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory ENRIQUE CURCHITSER, Rutgers University LEE-LUENG FU, NAE, Jet Propulsion Laboratory GUIDO GROSSE, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine RANDAL D. KOSTER, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center SONIA KREIDENWEIS, Colorado State University EMILIO F. MORAN, NAS, Michigan State University CORA E. RANDALL, University of Colorado PHILIP J. RASCH, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ERIC J. RIGNOT, University of California, Irvine CHRISTOPHER RUF, University of Michigan ROSS J. SALAWITCH, University of Maryland AMY K. SNOVER, University of Washington JULIENNE C. STROEVE, University of Colorado Boulder BRUCE A. WIELICKI, NASA Langley Research Center GARY W. YOHE, Wesleyan University ARTHUR CHARO, Senior Program Officer, Study Director LAUREN EVERETT, Program Officer ERIN MARKOVICH, Senior Program Assistant UNEDITED PREPUBLICATION–SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION vii Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space Panel on Earth Surface and Interior: Dynamics and Hazards DOUGLAS W. BURBANK, NAS, University of California, Santa Barbara, Co-Chair DAVID T. SANDWELL, NAS, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Co-Chair ROBIN E. BELL, Columbia University EMILY E. BRODSKY, University of California, Santa Cruz DONALD P. CHAMBERS, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg LUCY FLESCH, Purdue University GEORGE E. HILLEY, Stanford University KRISTINE M. LARSON, University of Colorado Boulder STEFAN MAUS, University of Colorado Boulder MICHAEL S. RAMSEY, University of Pittsburgh JEANNE SAUBER, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center KHALID A. SOOFI, ConocoPhillips HOWARD A. ZEBKER, Stanford University ARTHUR CHARO, Senior Program Officer, Study Director ANNE LINNE, Scholar ERIC EDKIN, Senior Program Assistant UNEDITED PREPUBLICATION–SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION viii Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space SPACE STUDIES BOARD 1 FIONA HARRISON, NAS, California Institute of Technology, Chair 2 ROBERT D. BRAUN, NAE, University of Colorado, Boulder, Vice Chair DAVID N. SPERGEL, NAS, Princeton University and Center for Computational Astrophysics at the Simons Foundation, Vice Chair JAMES G. ANDERSON, NAS, Harvard University JEFF M. BINGHAM, Consultant JAY C. BUCKEY, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College MARY LYNNE DITTMAR, Dittmar Associates JOSEPH FULLER, JR., Futron Corporation THOMAS R. GAVIN, California Institute of Technology SARAH GIBSON, National Center for Atmospheric Research WESLEY T. HUNTRESS, Carnegie Institution of Washington ANTHONY C. JANETOS, Boston University CHRYSSA KOUVELIOTOU, NAS, George Washington University DENNIS P. LETTENMAIER, NAE, University of California, Los Angeles ROSALY M. LOPES, Jet Propulsion Laboratory DAVID J. MCCOMAS, Princeton University LARRY PAXTON, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory SAUL PERLMUTTER, NAS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ELIOT QUATAERT, University of California, Berkeley BARBARA SHERWOOD LOLLAR, University of Toronto HARLAN E. SPENCE, University of New Hampshire MARK H. THIEMENS, NAS, University of California, San Diego MEENAKSHI WADHWA, Arizona State University Staff MICHAEL H. MOLONEY, Director CARMELA J. CHAMBERLAIN, Administrative Coordinator TANJA PILZAK, Manager, Program Operations CELESTE A. NAYLOR, Information Management Associate MARGARET KNEMEYER, Financial Officer SU LIU, Financial Assistant 1 Member, National Academy of Sciences. 2 Member, National Academy of Engineering. UNEDITED PREPUBLICATION–SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION ix Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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