A Comparitive Study of Normalyoccuring Polypoloidy in Several Species of Allium

160 Pages·06.372 MB·English

by  McElligott, Jane Kinslow

r
FORDHAM UNIVERSITY
GRADUATE SCHOOL
.............................................. 19,50.
This dissertation prepared under my direction by
Jane Kins low McElligott
entitled A STUDY OP KfiRilALLY OCCURING
POLYPLOIDY IN SEVERAL SPECIES OP ALLIUM
has been accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
Degree of D ....................................
Pr. Charles Berger
(Faculty Adviser)
L j

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NORMALLY OCCURRING
POLYPLOIDY IN SEVERAL SPECIES OF ALLIUM
BY
JANE K. MC ELLIGOTT
B.A., Marymount College *43
M.S., Fordham University *46
DISSERTATION
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AT
FORDHAM UNIVERSITY
New York
1950
ProQuest Number: 10992989
All rights reserved
INFORMATION TO ALL USERS
The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript
and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed,
a note will indicate the deletion.
uest
ProQuest 10992989
Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author.
All rights reserved.
This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code
Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC.
ProQuest LLC.
789 East Eisenhower Parkway
P.O. Box 1346
Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346
i l l
n
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF FIGURES............................................. ... lv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................... xi
I . INTRODUCTION....................................................... 1
I I . MATERIAL AND METHODS . . . ............................ 6
I I I . OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS.......................... 10
Allium stellatum . , .................................. 11
Allium fIstulosum • • 13
Allium schoenoprasum................... 2?
Allium angulosum....................................... 43
Allium valldum............................................ 67
Allium porrum.............................................. 68
Allium ammophllum. . . . . ................ 86
Allium tuberosum. ............................102
IV. DISCUSSION.................... 129
V. SUMMARY..................................... 138
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................141
L .J
lv
r n
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1. Drawing of an Allium seedling showing the
various t i s s u e s ,................. 9
2. Photomicrograph of a diploid cell of Allium
stellatum showing fourteen prometaphase
chromosomes,.................................... 15
3. Photomicrograph of a paired polyploid pro­
phase of Allium stellatum showing re la ­
tional c o ilin g , .............................................. ............ 15
4. Photomicrograph of a late polyploid prophase
of Allium stellatum showing pairing and
relatio n al co ilin g .................................................• •••• 1?
5. Photomicrograph of a diploid metaphase of
Allium stellatum showing very contracted
chromosomes..........................................................,,•••• 17
6. Photomicrograph of a polyploid anaphase of
Allium stellatum .......... ............................... 19
7, Photomicrograph of a longitudinal section of
a young seedling 13 mm. long of Allium
stellatum showing the various tis s u e s . .......... 21
8. Photomicrograph of a binucleate cell of
Allium stellatum showing a large nucleus and
a m icronucleus. ................................................. 23
9. Photomicrograph of a cell of Allium s te lla ­
tum with two m lcronuclel.............................................. 23
10, Photomicrograph of a dumb-bell shaped
nucleus of Allium stellatum .......................... 25
11. Photomicrograph of a cell of Allium s te lla ­
tum with telophase bridges and chromosomal
fragments................ 25
12, Photomicrograph of a diploid cell of Allium
fistulosum showing the karyotype and
s a te llite s ..................................................................... 29
13. Photomicrograph of diploid and tetraploid
resting nuclei of Allium fIstulosum 29
V
n
Figure Page
14. Photomicrograph of a polyploid prophase of
Allium flstulosum showing pairing and
relatio n al coiling*..........................................••••••.. 31
15. Photomicrograph of a very contracted meta­
phase of Allium flstulosum . . . . ..........................................31
16, Photomicrograph of a polyploid metaphase of
Allium flstulosum showing thirty-tw o
chromosomes ..................... 33
17. Photomicrograph of a polyploid anaphase of
Allium flstulosum *................................................ 33
18. Photomicrograph of a polyploid telophase of
Allium flstulosum ............................. 35
19. Photomicrograph of a longitudinal section of
a young seedling 20 mm. long of Allium fls tu ­
losum showing the various tis s u e s .......................... 37
20. Photomicrograph of a dumb-bell shaped nucleus
of Allium flstulosum .................................. 39
21. Photomicrograph of a binucleate cell of Allium
flstulosum showing the large nucleus and the
micronucleus ......................................................................... 39
22. Photomicrograph of a diploid telophase of
Allium flstulosum showing chromosomal bridges
and chromosomal fragments ................... 41
23. Photomicrograph of a diploid cell of Allium
schoenoprasum showing the karyotype..................... 45
24. Photomicrograph of a cell of Allium schoeno­
prasum showing a s a te llite ................ 45
25. Photomicrograph of a diploid and a tetraplold
cell of Allium schoenoprasum....................... 47
26. Photomicrograph of a polyploid prophase of
Allium schoenoprasum showing pairing and
relatio n al co llin g .......................... « ...4 7
27. Photomicrograph of a polyploid mid-prophase
of Allium schoenoprasum showing pairing and
relation al co ilin g ................... 49
L
vi
r -i
Figure Page
28. Photomicrograph of an early anaphase of
Allium schoenoprasum showing thirty-tw o
chromosomes .............................................. 49
29. Photomicrograph of a polyploid telophase of
Allium schoenoprasum showing numerous
chromosomal bridges... ................................................ 51
30. Photomicrograph of a longitudinal section of
a young seedling of Allium schoenoprasum
18 mm. long showing the various tissu e s.....................53
31. Photomicrograph of a dumb-bell shaped nucleus
in a cell of Allium schoenoprasum...............................55
32. Photomicrograph of a diploid telophase of
Allium schoenoprasum showing chromosomal
bridges and frag m en ts................................................ 55
33. Photomicrograph of an early anaphase of
Allium angulosum showing a small s a t e l li t e .... 58
34. Photomicrograph of a diploid and a tetraploid
c e ll of Allium angulosum................................................... 58
35. Photomicrograph of a polyploid prophase of
Allium angulosum showing pairing and rela ­
tional c o ilin g ................................... 60
36. Photomicrograph of a polyploid metaphase of
Allium angulosum........................ 60
3?. Photomicrograph of a polyploid early anaphase
of Allium angulosum. ............ 62
38. Photomicrograph of a polyploid late anaphase
of Allium angulosum. ........................................................62
39. Photomicrograph of a blnucleate cell of
Allium angulosum showing a large nucleus and
a micronucleus........................................................................... 64
40. Photomicrograph of a diploid telophase of
Allium angulosum showing chromosomal bridges
and fragments..................................................... 64
41. Photomicrograph of a dumb-bell shaped nucleus
of Allium angulosum........................................... 66
v il
r “l
Figure Page
42. Photomicrograph of a diploid cell of Allium
validum shov/ing a subterminal spindle
attachment region................. 70
45. Photomicrograph of a diploid and tetraploid
resting cells of Allium validum.............................., 7 0
44. Photomicrograph of a paired and relatlo n slly
coiled early prophese of Allium validum.....................72
45. Photomicrograph of a paired and relationally
coiled mid-prophase of Allium validum...................... 72
46* Photomicrograph of a polyploid prometaphase
of* Allium validum showing relational colling
and p a irin g ......................................................... 74
47. Photomicrograph of a polyploid metaphase of
Allium validum showing a wide separation of
the chromatid's....................................................... . . .............. 74
48. Photomicrograph of a polyploid anaphase of
Allium validum............................. 76
49. Photomicrograph of a polyploid metaphase of
Allium validum showing the chromatin lump................76
50. Photomicrograph of a longitudinal section of
a young seedling of Allium validum 15 mm.
long showing the various tissu e s.................................. 78
51. Photomicrograph of a binucleate cell of
Allium validum showing the large nucleus and
the micronucleus........................ 80
52. Photomicrograph of a very late telophase of
Allium validum showing the formation of a
micronucleus................................................................................... 80
55. Photomicrograph of a telophase of Allium
validum showing bridges and fragments...................... 82
54. Photomicrograph of a dumb-bell shaped nucleus
of Allium validum .. . , .............................................................84
55. Photomicrograph of a diploid cell of Allium
porrum showing the configuration of the
chromosomes......................................... 88
L -J
v ili
Figure Page
56. Photomicrograph of a diploid cell of Allium
porrum showing a large s a te llite attached to
the shorter arm of a chromosome....................... 88
57. Photomicrograph of a diploid cell and a
tetraploid cell of Allium porrum............................... 90
58. Photomicrograph of a polyploid prophase of
Allium porrum showing pairing and relatio nal
c o llin g .. . ................................. 90
59. Photomicrograph of a mid-prophase of Allium
porrum showing pairing and relatio n al
co llin g ......................................... 92
60. Photomicrograph of a polyploid metaphase of
Allium porrum showing sixty-four chromo­
somes with widely spread chromatids...................... 92
61. Photomicrograph of a polyploid anaphase of
Allium porrum............................ 94
62. Photomicrograph of a longitudinal section of
a young seedling 25 mm. long of Allium porrum
shoxtflng the various tissu e s.......................................... 96
63. Photomicrograph of a binucleate cell of
Allium porrum showing a large nucleus and a
micronucleus.............................................................................. 98
64. Photomicrograph of a telophase of Allium
porrum showing chromosomal bridge and
frag m e n ts......................................................................... 98
65. Photomicrograph of a dumb-bell shaped nucleus
of Allium porrum..................................................................... 100
66. Photomicrograph of a diploid nucleus and
a tetraploid nucleus of Allium ammophllum. ... 104
67. Photomicrograph of a polyploid early prophase
Allium ammophllum showing pairing and
relation al co llin g ................................................................. 104
68. Photomicrograph of a polyploid mid-prophase
Allium ammophllum showing relatio n al
coiling and pairing............................................. 106