A Closer Look at Fault-tolerant Control

350 Pages·2020·13.081 MB·English

by  Jeremy M. Hutton

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING METHODS, DEVELOPMENTS AND TECHNOLOGY

A C L
LOSER OOK AT
FAULT-TOLERANT CONTROL

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SYSTEMS ENGINEERING METHODS, DEVELOPMENTS AND TECHNOLOGY

A C L
LOSER OOK AT
FAULT-TOLERANT CONTROL

JEREMY M. HUTTON
EDITOR
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Hutton, Jeremy M., editor.
Title: A closer look at fault-tolerant control / Jeremy M. Hutton.
Description: New York : Nova Science Publishers, 2020. | Series: Systems
engineering methods, developments and technology | Includes
bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2020005567 (print) | LCCN 2020005568 (ebook) | ISBN
9781536175288 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781536175295 (adobe pdf)
Subjects: LCSH: Automatic control. | Fault tolerance (Engineering) |
Control theory.
Classification: LCC TJ213 .C55 2020 (print) | LCC TJ213 (ebook) | DDC
629.8--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020005567
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020005568

Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York
CONTENTS

Preface vii
Chapter 1 Actuator Fault Tolerant Control System for Distillation
Processes 1
Sulaiman A. Lawal and Jie Zhang
Chapter 2 Model-Based Fault-Tolerant Control for Distributed Systems 83
Hasan Ferdowsi, Jia Cai and Sarangapani Jagannathan
Chapter 3 Fault-Tolerant Systems for Unmanned Multirotor Aerial
Vehicles 119
Juan I. Giribet, Claudio D. Pose and Ignacio A. Mas
Chapter 4 Concepts and Methods in Fault Tolerant Control with
Application to a Wind Turbine Simulated System 149
Silvio Simani and Paolo Castaldi
Chapter 5 Reconfıgurable Fault Tolerant Control Agaınst Sensor/Actuator
Faults Applıed to Autonomous Underwater Vehıcle Dynamıcs 173
Chingiz Hajiyev and Sitki Yenal Vural
Chapter 6 Self-Organization and Control Reconfiguration of Unmanned
Autonomous Systems for Improved Resilience 209
George Vachtsevanos, Sehwan Oh and Benjamin Lee
Chapter 7 Fault Detection of Nonlinear Networked Control System Based
on Multimodal Approach Subject to Induced Delay 277
Ben Mabrouk Zaineb, Ben Hamed Mouna,
Abid Aicha and Lassad Sbita
vi Contents
Chapter 8 Diagnosis of Sensores Failure in Induction Motor 317
Ben Mabrouk Zaineb, Abid Aicha,
Ben Hamed Mouna and Lassad Sbita
Index 333
PREFACE

A Closer Look at Fault-Tolerant Control first presents the application of a fault
tolerant control system on distillation processes, with automatic actuator faults
containment capabilities and an atmospheric crude distillation unit.
Following this, model-based fault-tolerant control and fault accommodation
algorithms are presented for two challenging classes of distributed systems: a spatially
distributed system that can be decomposed into interconnected subsystems, and a
distributed parameter system where the system state is distributed over a continuous
range of space.
The authors present recent research on fault-tolerant control systems for unmanned
aerial systems, particularly for multirotor-type vehicles commonly known as drones.
An overview of tools for the analysis of the fundamental properties of an automated
system is provided, allowing for any inherent redundancy in the controlled process to be
utilised to maintain availability.
Additionally, a reconfigurable fault-tolerant flight control system is proposed to
combat sensor/actuator faults for autonomous underwater vehicles.
The reconfigurable design and operation of complex systems is addressed, with
emphasis on autonomous systems, building upon concepts of autonomy, incipient failure
diagnosis and prognosis algorithms.
The authors present a fault detection filter for induction motors speed as a class of
nonlinear system in networked control systems subject to induced time delays. The multi-
model approach for the modeling of induction motors is described using a set of linear
models.
In the concluding study, the construction of an induction motor is presented, and a
review of induction motor failures is discussed.
Chapter 1 - It is unimaginable these days that any facility will be built or retrofitted in
the oil and gas industry without a considerable level of automation. There is an increase
in the complexity and sophistication of modern control systems deployed in the
viii Jeremy M. Hutton
industries, especially on safety-critical systems. This growing complexity comes with
some level of inherent susceptibilities, part of which is the potential failure in some of the
components that make up the control system, such as actuators and sensors. The risk is
even higher in complex chemical plants like refinery with hundreds to thousands of
sensors and actuators. The interplay between these components and the control system
needs to have some built-in robustness to guarantee high level of safety and reliability of
the plant, which is fundamental to the operation of the system. More so, meeting the
economic and operational targets of the system requires its continued safe operation even
in the presence of faults in the system or some of its control system components. This
chapter presents the application of frugally designed fault tolerant control system (FTCS)
with automatic actuator faults containment capabilities on distillation processes,
particularly atmospheric crude distillation unit. A simple active actuator FTCS that uses
backup feedback signal, switchable references and restructurable PID controllers was
designed and implemented on distillation processes with varying complexities – the
benchmark Shell heavy oil fractionator and an interactive dynamic crude distillation unit
(CDU) to accommodate actuator faults.
Chapter 2 - Faults are inevitable and even incipient faults that progress very slowly
can downgrade the performance of the system. In cases where a fault is not critical, the
system performance can be kept at an acceptable level by mitigating the effect of fault. In
this chapter, model-based fault-tolerant control and fault accommodation algorithm are
presented for two challenging classes of distributed systems; first a spatially distributed
system that can be decomposed into interconnected subsystems, and second a distributed
parameter system where the system state is distributed over a continuous range of space.
The design of a decentralized fault tolerant controller (DFTC) is presented for
interconnected nonlinear continuous-time systems by using local subsystem state vector
alone in contrast with traditional distributed fault tolerant controllers or fault
accommodation schemes where the measured or estimated state vector of the overall
system is needed. The decentralized controller uses local state and input vectors in each
subsystem and minimizes the fault effects on the entire system. The DFTC in each
subsystem includes a traditional controller and a neural network based online
approximator which is used to deal with the unknown parts of the system dynamics, such
as fault and interconnection terms. The stability of the overall system with DFTC is
investigated by using Lyapunov approach and the boundedness of all signals is
guaranteed in the presence of a fault. Therefore, the proposed controller enables the
system to continue its normal operation after the occurrence of a fault, as long as it does
not cause failure or break- down of a component. Next, a model-based fault
accommodation scheme is introduced for a class of linear distributed parameter systems
(DPS) represented by partial differential equations (PDEs) in the presence of both
actuator and sensor faults. A filter-based observer on the basis of the linear PDE model of
the DPS is designed with output measurements. The estimated output from the observer