Table Of Content

GE Grid Soutions 845 Transformer Protection System Transformer Protection, Control and Management Instruction manual Product version: 1.6x GE publication code: 1601-0651-A3 (GEK-119651B) *1601-0450-A3* © 2016 GE Multilin Incorporated. All rights reserved. GE Multilin 845 Transformer Protection System instruction manual for revision 1.6x. 845 Transformer Protection System, EnerVista, EnerVista Launchpad, and EnerVista 8 Series Setup software are registered trademarks of GE Multilin Inc. The contents of this manual are the property of GE Multilin Inc. This documentation is furnished on license and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the permission of GE Multilin. The content of this manual is for informational use only and is subject to change without notice. Part number: 1601-0651-A3 (February 2016) Note May contain components with FCC ID: XF6-RS9110N1122 and IC ID: 8407A-RS9110N1122. Table of Contents 1.INTRODUCTION Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 1 - 1 Description of the 845 Transformer Protection Relay.................................................... 1 - 2 Security Overview............................................................................................................................ 1 - 7 845 Order Codes............................................................................................................................... 1 - 8 Specifications...................................................................................................................................1 - 10 Protection................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 10 Control ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 17 Monitoring.................................................................................................................................................. 1 - 18 Recording................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 20 User-Programmable Elements ........................................................................................................ 1 - 21 Metering...................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 22 Inputs ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 24 Outputs........................................................................................................................................................ 1 - 25 Power Supply ........................................................................................................................................... 1 - 27 Communications .................................................................................................................................... 1 - 27 Testing & Certification.......................................................................................................................... 1 - 28 Physical....................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 29 Environmental.......................................................................................................................................... 1 - 29 Cautions and Warnings ..............................................................................................................1 - 29 Safety words and definitions............................................................................................................ 1 - 29 General Cautions and Warnings..................................................................................................... 1 - 30 Must-read Information ................................................................................................................1 - 32 For Further Assistance.................................................................................................................1 - 33 2.INSTALLATION Mechanical Installation ................................................................................................................. 2 - 1 Product Identification..............................................................................................................................2 - 1 Dimensions...................................................................................................................................................2 - 2 Mounting .......................................................................................................................................................2 - 2 Standard Panel Mount.............................................................................................................................2 - 3 Draw-out Unit Withdrawal and Insertion ......................................................................................2 - 5 Removable Power Supply .....................................................................................................................2 - 6 Removable Magnetic Module..............................................................................................................2 - 6 Arc Flash Sensor ........................................................................................................................................2 - 7 Electrical Installation ...................................................................................................................... 2 - 8 Typical Wiring Diagrams .......................................................................................................................2 - 8 Terminal Identification......................................................................................................................... 2 - 13 Wire Size......................................................................................................................................................2 - 17 Phase Sequence and Transformer Polarity ............................................................................... 2 - 18 Ground CT Inputs.................................................................................................................................... 2 - 18 Voltage Inputs.......................................................................................................................................... 2 - 19 Restricted Earth Fault Inputs ............................................................................................................ 2 - 19 Zero-Sequence CT Installation......................................................................................................... 2 - 20 Control Power........................................................................................................................................... 2 - 20 Contact Inputs ......................................................................................................................................... 2 - 21 Output Relays .......................................................................................................................................... 2 - 22 Serial Communications ....................................................................................................................... 2 - 24 IRIG-B ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 - 26 3.INTERFACES Front Control Panel Interface ..................................................................................................... 3 - 2 845 Graphical Display Pages...............................................................................................................3 - 2 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL I Working with Graphical Display Pages .......................................................................................... 3 - 4 Single Line Diagram................................................................................................................................. 3 - 6 LED Status Indicators.............................................................................................................................. 3 - 7 Home Screen Icons .................................................................................................................................. 3 - 9 Relay Messages.......................................................................................................................................3 - 10 Target Messages .....................................................................................................................................3 - 10 Self-test Errors..........................................................................................................................................3 - 10 Out of Service............................................................................................................................................3 - 13 Flash Messages........................................................................................................................................3 - 13 Label Removal ..........................................................................................................................................3 - 14 Software Interface ........................................................................................................................ 3 - 15 EnerVista 8 Series Setup Software..................................................................................................3 - 15 Hardware & Software Requirements ............................................................................................3 - 15 Installing the EnerVista 8 Series Setup Software .....................................................................3 - 16 Connecting EnerVista 8 Series Setup software to the Relay..............................................3 - 18 Using the Quick Connect Feature ...................................................................................................3 - 18 Configuring Ethernet Communications........................................................................................3 - 21 Connecting to the Relay ......................................................................................................................3 - 22 Working with Setpoints & Setpoints Files ....................................................................................3 - 23 Engaging a Device..................................................................................................................................3 - 23 Entering Setpoints ..................................................................................................................................3 - 23 File Support................................................................................................................................................3 - 24 Using Setpoints Files..............................................................................................................................3 - 24 Downloading & Saving Setpoints Files..........................................................................................3 - 25 Adding Setpoints Files to the Environment.................................................................................3 - 26 Creating a New Setpoints File...........................................................................................................3 - 27 Upgrading Setpoints Files to a New Revision ............................................................................3 - 28 Printing Setpoints....................................................................................................................................3 - 29 Printing Values from a Connected Device...................................................................................3 - 30 Loading Setpoints from a File ...........................................................................................................3 - 30 Quick Setup................................................................................................................................................3 - 31 Upgrading Relay Firmware ................................................................................................................3 - 33 Loading New Relay Firmware...........................................................................................................3 - 33 Advanced EnerVista 8 Series Setup Software Features .......................................................3 - 37 FlexCurve Editor.......................................................................................................................................3 - 37 Transient Recorder (Waveform Capture) .....................................................................................3 - 38 Protection Summary .............................................................................................................................3 - 41 Offline Settings File Conversion........................................................................................................3 - 42 Convert SR 745 Files ..............................................................................................................................3 - 43 Conversion Summary Report............................................................................................................3 - 44 Results Window .......................................................................................................................................3 - 44 4.SETPOINTS Setpoints Main Menu ......................................................................................................................4 - 1 Protection and Trip Breaker Selection............................................................................................. 4 - 2 Setpoints Entry Methods ....................................................................................................................... 4 - 6 Common Setpoints................................................................................................................................... 4 - 7 Logic Diagrams.......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 8 Setpoints Text Abbreviations............................................................................................................... 4 - 9 Device.................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 10 Real-time Clock ........................................................................................................................................4 - 10 Clock..............................................................................................................................................................4 - 11 PTP Configuration ...................................................................................................................................4 - 12 SNTP Protocol ...........................................................................................................................................4 - 14 Security........................................................................................................................................................4 - 14 Basic Security ...........................................................................................................................................4 - 15 CyberSentry ..............................................................................................................................................4 - 17 Communications.....................................................................................................................................4 - 24 II 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL RS485............................................................................................................................................................4 - 24 WiFi ................................................................................................................................................................4 - 24 USB ................................................................................................................................................................4 - 28 Ethernet Ports...........................................................................................................................................4 - 28 Modbus Protocol .....................................................................................................................................4 - 30 Routing.........................................................................................................................................................4 - 37 DNP Protocol .............................................................................................................................................4 - 40 DNP / IEC104 Point Lists ......................................................................................................................4 - 42 IEC 60870-5-104 .....................................................................................................................................4 - 46 IEC 60870-5-103 .....................................................................................................................................4 - 47 IEC 61850....................................................................................................................................................4 - 47 Transient Recorder ................................................................................................................................ 4 - 50 Data Logger .............................................................................................................................................. 4 - 52 Fault Reports ............................................................................................................................................ 4 - 55 Event Data ................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 56 Flex States.................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 57 Programmable LEDs ............................................................................................................................. 4 - 58 Programmable Pushbuttons............................................................................................................. 4 - 61 Front Panel ................................................................................................................................................ 4 - 65 Display Properties ..................................................................................................................................4 - 65 Default Screens........................................................................................................................................4 - 66 Resetting..................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 67 Installation ................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 67 System ................................................................................................................................................4 - 68 Current Sensing....................................................................................................................................... 4 - 69 Voltage Sensing ...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 71 Power Sensing ......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 73 Power System .......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 74 Transformer .............................................................................................................................................. 4 - 75 Transformer Setup .................................................................................................................................4 - 76 Xfmer Status Detection..................................................................................................................... 4 - 101 Thermal Inputs ...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 104 Onload Tap Changer .......................................................................................................................... 4 - 105 Breakers....................................................................................................................................................4 - 113 FlexCurves ...............................................................................................................................................4 - 116 Inputs................................................................................................................................................ 4 - 118 Contact Inputs .......................................................................................................................................4 - 118 Virtual Inputs ..........................................................................................................................................4 - 121 Remote Inputs........................................................................................................................................4 - 123 Analog Inputs .........................................................................................................................................4 - 123 Outputs ............................................................................................................................................ 4 - 129 Output Relays ........................................................................................................................................4 - 129 Auxiliary Relay selected for breaker Trip.................................................................................. 4 - 131 Aux Relay selected for breaker Close......................................................................................... 4 - 134 Critical Failure Relay #8.................................................................................................................... 4 - 137 Virtual Outputs.......................................................................................................................................4 - 138 Analog Outputs .....................................................................................................................................4 - 139 Protection ....................................................................................................................................... 4 - 141 Percent Differential..............................................................................................................................4 - 142 Transformer Overload........................................................................................................................4 - 154 Current Elements..................................................................................................................................4 - 157 Inverse Time Overcurrent Curves................................................................................................. 4 - 157 Percent of Load-To-Trip.................................................................................................................... 4 - 164 Phase Time Overcurrent Protection............................................................................................ 4 - 165 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection........................................................................ 4 - 169 Phase Directional Overcurrent Protection ............................................................................... 4 - 172 Neutral Time Overcurrent Protection ......................................................................................... 4 - 176 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL III Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection..................................................................... 4 - 179 Neutral Directional Overcurrent Protection ............................................................................ 4 - 182 Ground Time Overcurrent Protection......................................................................................... 4 - 188 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection..................................................................... 4 - 191 Ground Directional Overcurrent Protection ............................................................................ 4 - 194 Restricted Ground (Earth) Fault ..................................................................................................... 4 - 198 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent Protection................................................................ 4 - 203 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection ........................................... 4 - 206 Voltage Elements .................................................................................................................................4 - 209 Undervoltage Curves ......................................................................................................................... 4 - 209 Phase Undervoltage Protection .................................................................................................... 4 - 210 Auxiliary Undervoltage...................................................................................................................... 4 - 214 Phase Overvoltage Protection ....................................................................................................... 4 - 217 Auxiliary Overvoltage Protection.................................................................................................. 4 - 220 Neutral Overvoltage Protection .................................................................................................... 4 - 223 Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection........................................................................... 4 - 226 Volts per Hertz ....................................................................................................................................... 4 - 229 Power Elements ....................................................................................................................................4 - 235 Directional Power................................................................................................................................. 4 - 235 Frequency Elements...........................................................................................................................4 - 241 Underfrequency ................................................................................................................................... 4 - 241 Overfrequency ...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 245 Frequency Rate of Change ............................................................................................................. 4 - 248 Monitoring...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 254 Transformer............................................................................................................................................4 - 255 Harmonic Derating.............................................................................................................................. 4 - 255 Thermal Elements................................................................................................................................ 4 - 258 Tap Changer Failure ........................................................................................................................... 4 - 264 Trip and Close Circuit Monitoring .................................................................................................4 - 267 Breaker Arcing Current......................................................................................................................4 - 274 Breaker Health ......................................................................................................................................4 - 277 Functions .................................................................................................................................................4 - 282 Power Factor.......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 282 Demand.................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 289 Pulsed Outputs...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 293 Digital Counters .................................................................................................................................... 4 - 296 RTD Temperature.................................................................................................................................4 - 297 Harmonic Detection ...........................................................................................................................4 - 302 Control ............................................................................................................................................. 4 - 305 Setpoint Group ......................................................................................................................................4 - 305 Breaker Control .....................................................................................................................................4 - 308 Trip Bus .....................................................................................................................................................4 - 315 Breaker Failure ......................................................................................................................................4 - 318 Setup.......................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 319 Initiate ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 322 Arc Flash Protection............................................................................................................................4 - 324 Synchrocheck........................................................................................................................................4 - 327 VT Fuse Failure ......................................................................................................................................4 - 333 FlexLogic ......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 335 Timers........................................................................................................................................................4 - 344 Non-volatile Latches ..........................................................................................................................4 - 345 FlexLogic Equation ..............................................................................................................................4 - 346 Viewing FlexLogic Graphics ............................................................................................................4 - 347 FlexElements ..........................................................................................................................................4 - 348 Testing.............................................................................................................................................. 4 - 355 Simulation................................................................................................................................................4 - 355 Setup.......................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 356 IV 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL Pre-Fault................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 357 Fault ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 358 Post-Fault ................................................................................................................................................ 4 - 359 Test LEDs ..................................................................................................................................................4 - 360 Contact Inputs .......................................................................................................................................4 - 361 Output Relays ........................................................................................................................................4 - 361 5.STATUS Breakers ............................................................................................................................................... 5 - 1 Last Trip Data..................................................................................................................................... 5 - 2 Arc Flash............................................................................................................................................... 5 - 3 Contact Inputs ................................................................................................................................... 5 - 3 Output Relays .................................................................................................................................... 5 - 4 Virtual Inputs ...................................................................................................................................... 5 - 5 Virtual Outputs .................................................................................................................................. 5 - 6 Flex State ............................................................................................................................................. 5 - 6 Communications .............................................................................................................................. 5 - 7 GOOSE Rx and Tx.......................................................................................................................................5 - 7 Information ......................................................................................................................................... 5 - 9 Main CPU .......................................................................................................................................................5 - 9 Comms CPU .............................................................................................................................................. 5 - 10 Hardware Versions ................................................................................................................................ 5 - 10 Device Status ...................................................................................................................................5 - 11 Clock.....................................................................................................................................................5 - 12 PTP Status..........................................................................................................................................5 - 13 6.METERING Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 6 - 4 Transformer........................................................................................................................................ 6 - 5 Percent Differential Current .................................................................................................................6 - 6 Windings........................................................................................................................................................6 - 7 Thermal Elements .....................................................................................................................................6 - 8 Tap Changer ................................................................................................................................................6 - 9 Currents ..............................................................................................................................................6 - 10 Voltages..............................................................................................................................................6 - 12 Frequency .........................................................................................................................................6 - 13 Volts Per Hertz .................................................................................................................................6 - 14 Harmonic Magnitude ...................................................................................................................6 - 14 Harmonics 1(Harmonics 4) ........................................................................................................6 - 15 Harmonic Detection......................................................................................................................6 - 15 Synchrocheck ..................................................................................................................................6 - 17 Power...................................................................................................................................................6 - 18 Energy .................................................................................................................................................6 - 19 Power Factor ....................................................................................................................................6 - 20 Current Demand 1.........................................................................................................................6 - 20 Current Demand K1 ......................................................................................................................6 - 20 Current Demand K2 ......................................................................................................................6 - 21 Directional Power...........................................................................................................................6 - 22 Arc Flash.............................................................................................................................................6 - 22 RTDs......................................................................................................................................................6 - 23 RTD Maximums ...............................................................................................................................6 - 24 Analog Inputs...................................................................................................................................6 - 25 FlexElements ....................................................................................................................................6 - 25 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL V 7.RECORDS Events.....................................................................................................................................................7 - 1 Transient Records.............................................................................................................................7 - 2 Fault Reports.......................................................................................................................................7 - 3 Data Logger.........................................................................................................................................7 - 3 Breakers ................................................................................................................................................7 - 4 Breaker Arcing Current........................................................................................................................... 7 - 4 Breaker Health ........................................................................................................................................... 7 - 4 Digital Counters .................................................................................................................................7 - 5 Clear Records .....................................................................................................................................7 - 6 8.TRANSFORMER DGA Monitoring .................................................................................................................................8 - 1 M&D Device Data .........................................................................................................................................8 - 3 Dissolved Gas Analysis ..................................................................................................................8 - 3 Learned Data Records....................................................................................................................8 - 4 Energization Records ......................................................................................................................8 - 5 Digital Fault Records .......................................................................................................................8 - 6 Models....................................................................................................................................................8 - 6 Transformer Models................................................................................................................................. 8 - 6 DGA Models ................................................................................................................................................. 8 - 7 Historical Maximum Record ........................................................................................................8 - 8 Transformer Health Report ..........................................................................................................8 - 8 DGA Historical Trend.......................................................................................................................8 - 9 9.MAINTENANCE Environmental Health Report .....................................................................................................9 - 1 A.APPENDIX A Warranty ..............................................................................................................................................A - 1 Revision history .................................................................................................................................A - 1 Major Updates............................................................................................................................................ A - 2 VI 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL GE Grid Solutions 845 Transformer Protection System Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction The Multilin 845 relay is a microprocessor-based unit intended for the management and primary protection of the medium to large size medium voltage (MV) and high voltage (HV) power transformers. Both 2-winding and 3-winding transformers are supported. The 845 relay provides a number of primary and backup current and voltage based protection functions. This system allows for control of the circuit breakers at each winding plus a number of monitoring and control functions are also provided. Overview Each relay provides protection, control, and monitoring functions with both local and remote human interfaces. They also display the present trip/alarm conditions, and most of the more than 35 measured system parameters. Recording of past trip, alarm or control events, maximum demand levels, and energy consumption is also performed. These relays contain many innovative features. To meet diverse utility standards and industry requirements, these features have the flexibility to be programmed to meet specific user needs. This flexibility will naturally make a piece of equipment difficult to learn. To aid new users in getting basic protection operating quickly, setpoints are set to typical default values and advanced features are disabled. These settings can be reprogrammed at any time. Programming can be accomplished with the front panel keys and display. Due to the numerous settings, this manual method can be somewhat laborious. To simplify programming and provide a more intuitive interface, setpoints can be entered with a PC running the EnerVista 8 Setup software provided with the relay. Even with minimal computer knowledge, this menu-driven software provides easy access to all front panel functions. Actual values and setpoints can be displayed, altered, stored, and printed. If settings are stored in a setpoint file, they can be downloaded at any time to the front panel program port of the relay via a computer cable connected to the serial port of any personal computer. A summary of the available functions and a single-line diagram of protection and control features is shown below. For a complete understanding of each feature operation, refer to Chapter 4: Setpoints. The logic diagrams include a reference to every setpoint related to a feature and show all logic signals passed between individual features. Information related to the selection of settings for each setpoint is also provided. 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–1 DESCRIPTION OF THE 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION RELAY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Description of the 845 Transformer Protection Relay CPU Relay functions are controlled by two processors: a Freescale MPC5125 32-bit microprocessor that measures all analog signals and digital inputs and controls all output relays, and a Freescale MPC8358 32-bit microprocessor that controls all the advanced Ethernet communication protocols. Analog Input and Waveform Capture Magnetic transformers are used to scale-down the incoming analog signals from the source instrument transformers. The analog signals are then passed through a 11.5 kHz low pass analog anti-aliasing filter. All signals are then simultaneously captured by sample and hold buffers to ensure there are no phase shifts. The signals are converted to digital values by a 16-bit A/D converter before finally being passed on to the CPU for analysis. The 'raw' samples are scaled in software, then placed into the waveform capture buffer, thus emulating a fault recorder. The waveforms can be retrieved from the relay via the EnerVista 8 Series Setup software for display and diagnostics. Frequency Frequency measurement is accomplished by measuring the time between zero crossings of the composite signal of three-phase bus voltages, line voltage or three-phase currents. The signals are passed through a low pass filter to prevent false zero crossings. Frequency tracking utilizes the measured frequency to set the sampling rate for current and voltage which results in better accuracy for the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm for off- nominal frequencies. The main frequency tracking source uses three-phase bus voltages. The frequency tracking is switched automatically by an algorithm to the alternative reference source, i.e., three-phase currents signal or line voltage for the configuration of tie-breaker, if the frequency detected from the three-phase voltage inputs is declared invalid. The switching will not be performed if the frequency from the alternative reference signal is detected invalid. Upon detecting valid frequency on the main source, the tracking will be switched back to the main source. If a stable frequency signal is not available from all sources, then the tracking frequency defaults to the nominal system frequency. Phasors, Transients, and Harmonics All waveforms are processed eight times every cycle with a DC decaying removal filter and a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The resulting phasors have fault current transients and all harmonics removed. This results in an overcurrent relay that is extremely secure and reliable and one that will not overreach. Processing of AC Current Inputs The DC Decaying Removal Filter is a short window digital filter, which removes the DC decaying component from the asymmetrical current present at the moment a fault occurs. This is done for all current signals used for overcurrent protection; voltage signals use the same DC Decaying Removal Filter. This filter ensures no overreach of the overcurrent protection. The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) uses exactly one cycle of samples to calculate a phasor quantity which represents the signal at the fundamental frequency; all harmonic components are removed. All subsequent calculations (e.g. power, etc.) are based upon the current and voltage phasors, such that the resulting values have no harmonic components. RMS (root mean square) values are calculated from one cycle of samples prior to filtering. Protection Elements All voltage, current and frequency protection elements are processed eight times every cycle to determine if a pickup has occurred or a timer has expired. The voltage and current protection elements use RMS current/voltage, or the magnitude of the phasor. 1–2 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

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845 Transformer Protection System Instruction Manual PDF

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GE Grid Soutions 845 Transformer Protection System Transformer Protection, Control and Management Instruction manual Product version: 1.6x GE publication code: 1601-0651-A3 (GEK-119651B) *1601-0450-A3* © 2016 GE Multilin Incorporated. All rights reserved. GE Multilin 845 Transformer Protection System instruction manual for revision 1.6x. 845 Transformer Protection System, EnerVista, EnerVista Launchpad, and EnerVista 8 Series Setup software are registered trademarks of GE Multilin Inc. The contents of this manual are the property of GE Multilin Inc. This documentation is furnished on license and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the permission of GE Multilin. The content of this manual is for informational use only and is subject to change without notice. Part number: 1601-0651-A3 (February 2016) Note May contain components with FCC ID: XF6-RS9110N1122 and IC ID: 8407A-RS9110N1122. Table of Contents 1.INTRODUCTION Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 1 - 1 Description of the 845 Transformer Protection Relay.................................................... 1 - 2 Security Overview............................................................................................................................ 1 - 7 845 Order Codes............................................................................................................................... 1 - 8 Specifications...................................................................................................................................1 - 10 Protection................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 10 Control ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 17 Monitoring.................................................................................................................................................. 1 - 18 Recording................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 20 User-Programmable Elements ........................................................................................................ 1 - 21 Metering...................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 22 Inputs ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 24 Outputs........................................................................................................................................................ 1 - 25 Power Supply ........................................................................................................................................... 1 - 27 Communications .................................................................................................................................... 1 - 27 Testing & Certification.......................................................................................................................... 1 - 28 Physical....................................................................................................................................................... 1 - 29 Environmental.......................................................................................................................................... 1 - 29 Cautions and Warnings ..............................................................................................................1 - 29 Safety words and definitions............................................................................................................ 1 - 29 General Cautions and Warnings..................................................................................................... 1 - 30 Must-read Information ................................................................................................................1 - 32 For Further Assistance.................................................................................................................1 - 33 2.INSTALLATION Mechanical Installation ................................................................................................................. 2 - 1 Product Identification..............................................................................................................................2 - 1 Dimensions...................................................................................................................................................2 - 2 Mounting .......................................................................................................................................................2 - 2 Standard Panel Mount.............................................................................................................................2 - 3 Draw-out Unit Withdrawal and Insertion ......................................................................................2 - 5 Removable Power Supply .....................................................................................................................2 - 6 Removable Magnetic Module..............................................................................................................2 - 6 Arc Flash Sensor ........................................................................................................................................2 - 7 Electrical Installation ...................................................................................................................... 2 - 8 Typical Wiring Diagrams .......................................................................................................................2 - 8 Terminal Identification......................................................................................................................... 2 - 13 Wire Size......................................................................................................................................................2 - 17 Phase Sequence and Transformer Polarity ............................................................................... 2 - 18 Ground CT Inputs.................................................................................................................................... 2 - 18 Voltage Inputs.......................................................................................................................................... 2 - 19 Restricted Earth Fault Inputs ............................................................................................................ 2 - 19 Zero-Sequence CT Installation......................................................................................................... 2 - 20 Control Power........................................................................................................................................... 2 - 20 Contact Inputs ......................................................................................................................................... 2 - 21 Output Relays .......................................................................................................................................... 2 - 22 Serial Communications ....................................................................................................................... 2 - 24 IRIG-B ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 - 26 3.INTERFACES Front Control Panel Interface ..................................................................................................... 3 - 2 845 Graphical Display Pages...............................................................................................................3 - 2 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL I Working with Graphical Display Pages .......................................................................................... 3 - 4 Single Line Diagram................................................................................................................................. 3 - 6 LED Status Indicators.............................................................................................................................. 3 - 7 Home Screen Icons .................................................................................................................................. 3 - 9 Relay Messages.......................................................................................................................................3 - 10 Target Messages .....................................................................................................................................3 - 10 Self-test Errors..........................................................................................................................................3 - 10 Out of Service............................................................................................................................................3 - 13 Flash Messages........................................................................................................................................3 - 13 Label Removal ..........................................................................................................................................3 - 14 Software Interface ........................................................................................................................ 3 - 15 EnerVista 8 Series Setup Software..................................................................................................3 - 15 Hardware & Software Requirements ............................................................................................3 - 15 Installing the EnerVista 8 Series Setup Software .....................................................................3 - 16 Connecting EnerVista 8 Series Setup software to the Relay..............................................3 - 18 Using the Quick Connect Feature ...................................................................................................3 - 18 Configuring Ethernet Communications........................................................................................3 - 21 Connecting to the Relay ......................................................................................................................3 - 22 Working with Setpoints & Setpoints Files ....................................................................................3 - 23 Engaging a Device..................................................................................................................................3 - 23 Entering Setpoints ..................................................................................................................................3 - 23 File Support................................................................................................................................................3 - 24 Using Setpoints Files..............................................................................................................................3 - 24 Downloading & Saving Setpoints Files..........................................................................................3 - 25 Adding Setpoints Files to the Environment.................................................................................3 - 26 Creating a New Setpoints File...........................................................................................................3 - 27 Upgrading Setpoints Files to a New Revision ............................................................................3 - 28 Printing Setpoints....................................................................................................................................3 - 29 Printing Values from a Connected Device...................................................................................3 - 30 Loading Setpoints from a File ...........................................................................................................3 - 30 Quick Setup................................................................................................................................................3 - 31 Upgrading Relay Firmware ................................................................................................................3 - 33 Loading New Relay Firmware...........................................................................................................3 - 33 Advanced EnerVista 8 Series Setup Software Features .......................................................3 - 37 FlexCurve Editor.......................................................................................................................................3 - 37 Transient Recorder (Waveform Capture) .....................................................................................3 - 38 Protection Summary .............................................................................................................................3 - 41 Offline Settings File Conversion........................................................................................................3 - 42 Convert SR 745 Files ..............................................................................................................................3 - 43 Conversion Summary Report............................................................................................................3 - 44 Results Window .......................................................................................................................................3 - 44 4.SETPOINTS Setpoints Main Menu ......................................................................................................................4 - 1 Protection and Trip Breaker Selection............................................................................................. 4 - 2 Setpoints Entry Methods ....................................................................................................................... 4 - 6 Common Setpoints................................................................................................................................... 4 - 7 Logic Diagrams.......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 8 Setpoints Text Abbreviations............................................................................................................... 4 - 9 Device.................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 10 Real-time Clock ........................................................................................................................................4 - 10 Clock..............................................................................................................................................................4 - 11 PTP Configuration ...................................................................................................................................4 - 12 SNTP Protocol ...........................................................................................................................................4 - 14 Security........................................................................................................................................................4 - 14 Basic Security ...........................................................................................................................................4 - 15 CyberSentry ..............................................................................................................................................4 - 17 Communications.....................................................................................................................................4 - 24 II 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL RS485............................................................................................................................................................4 - 24 WiFi ................................................................................................................................................................4 - 24 USB ................................................................................................................................................................4 - 28 Ethernet Ports...........................................................................................................................................4 - 28 Modbus Protocol .....................................................................................................................................4 - 30 Routing.........................................................................................................................................................4 - 37 DNP Protocol .............................................................................................................................................4 - 40 DNP / IEC104 Point Lists ......................................................................................................................4 - 42 IEC 60870-5-104 .....................................................................................................................................4 - 46 IEC 60870-5-103 .....................................................................................................................................4 - 47 IEC 61850....................................................................................................................................................4 - 47 Transient Recorder ................................................................................................................................ 4 - 50 Data Logger .............................................................................................................................................. 4 - 52 Fault Reports ............................................................................................................................................ 4 - 55 Event Data ................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 56 Flex States.................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 57 Programmable LEDs ............................................................................................................................. 4 - 58 Programmable Pushbuttons............................................................................................................. 4 - 61 Front Panel ................................................................................................................................................ 4 - 65 Display Properties ..................................................................................................................................4 - 65 Default Screens........................................................................................................................................4 - 66 Resetting..................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 67 Installation ................................................................................................................................................. 4 - 67 System ................................................................................................................................................4 - 68 Current Sensing....................................................................................................................................... 4 - 69 Voltage Sensing ...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 71 Power Sensing ......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 73 Power System .......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 74 Transformer .............................................................................................................................................. 4 - 75 Transformer Setup .................................................................................................................................4 - 76 Xfmer Status Detection..................................................................................................................... 4 - 101 Thermal Inputs ...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 104 Onload Tap Changer .......................................................................................................................... 4 - 105 Breakers....................................................................................................................................................4 - 113 FlexCurves ...............................................................................................................................................4 - 116 Inputs................................................................................................................................................ 4 - 118 Contact Inputs .......................................................................................................................................4 - 118 Virtual Inputs ..........................................................................................................................................4 - 121 Remote Inputs........................................................................................................................................4 - 123 Analog Inputs .........................................................................................................................................4 - 123 Outputs ............................................................................................................................................ 4 - 129 Output Relays ........................................................................................................................................4 - 129 Auxiliary Relay selected for breaker Trip.................................................................................. 4 - 131 Aux Relay selected for breaker Close......................................................................................... 4 - 134 Critical Failure Relay #8.................................................................................................................... 4 - 137 Virtual Outputs.......................................................................................................................................4 - 138 Analog Outputs .....................................................................................................................................4 - 139 Protection ....................................................................................................................................... 4 - 141 Percent Differential..............................................................................................................................4 - 142 Transformer Overload........................................................................................................................4 - 154 Current Elements..................................................................................................................................4 - 157 Inverse Time Overcurrent Curves................................................................................................. 4 - 157 Percent of Load-To-Trip.................................................................................................................... 4 - 164 Phase Time Overcurrent Protection............................................................................................ 4 - 165 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection........................................................................ 4 - 169 Phase Directional Overcurrent Protection ............................................................................... 4 - 172 Neutral Time Overcurrent Protection ......................................................................................... 4 - 176 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL III Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection..................................................................... 4 - 179 Neutral Directional Overcurrent Protection ............................................................................ 4 - 182 Ground Time Overcurrent Protection......................................................................................... 4 - 188 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection..................................................................... 4 - 191 Ground Directional Overcurrent Protection ............................................................................ 4 - 194 Restricted Ground (Earth) Fault ..................................................................................................... 4 - 198 Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent Protection................................................................ 4 - 203 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection ........................................... 4 - 206 Voltage Elements .................................................................................................................................4 - 209 Undervoltage Curves ......................................................................................................................... 4 - 209 Phase Undervoltage Protection .................................................................................................... 4 - 210 Auxiliary Undervoltage...................................................................................................................... 4 - 214 Phase Overvoltage Protection ....................................................................................................... 4 - 217 Auxiliary Overvoltage Protection.................................................................................................. 4 - 220 Neutral Overvoltage Protection .................................................................................................... 4 - 223 Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection........................................................................... 4 - 226 Volts per Hertz ....................................................................................................................................... 4 - 229 Power Elements ....................................................................................................................................4 - 235 Directional Power................................................................................................................................. 4 - 235 Frequency Elements...........................................................................................................................4 - 241 Underfrequency ................................................................................................................................... 4 - 241 Overfrequency ...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 245 Frequency Rate of Change ............................................................................................................. 4 - 248 Monitoring...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 254 Transformer............................................................................................................................................4 - 255 Harmonic Derating.............................................................................................................................. 4 - 255 Thermal Elements................................................................................................................................ 4 - 258 Tap Changer Failure ........................................................................................................................... 4 - 264 Trip and Close Circuit Monitoring .................................................................................................4 - 267 Breaker Arcing Current......................................................................................................................4 - 274 Breaker Health ......................................................................................................................................4 - 277 Functions .................................................................................................................................................4 - 282 Power Factor.......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 282 Demand.................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 289 Pulsed Outputs...................................................................................................................................... 4 - 293 Digital Counters .................................................................................................................................... 4 - 296 RTD Temperature.................................................................................................................................4 - 297 Harmonic Detection ...........................................................................................................................4 - 302 Control ............................................................................................................................................. 4 - 305 Setpoint Group ......................................................................................................................................4 - 305 Breaker Control .....................................................................................................................................4 - 308 Trip Bus .....................................................................................................................................................4 - 315 Breaker Failure ......................................................................................................................................4 - 318 Setup.......................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 319 Initiate ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 322 Arc Flash Protection............................................................................................................................4 - 324 Synchrocheck........................................................................................................................................4 - 327 VT Fuse Failure ......................................................................................................................................4 - 333 FlexLogic ......................................................................................................................................... 4 - 335 Timers........................................................................................................................................................4 - 344 Non-volatile Latches ..........................................................................................................................4 - 345 FlexLogic Equation ..............................................................................................................................4 - 346 Viewing FlexLogic Graphics ............................................................................................................4 - 347 FlexElements ..........................................................................................................................................4 - 348 Testing.............................................................................................................................................. 4 - 355 Simulation................................................................................................................................................4 - 355 Setup.......................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 356 IV 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL Pre-Fault................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 357 Fault ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 - 358 Post-Fault ................................................................................................................................................ 4 - 359 Test LEDs ..................................................................................................................................................4 - 360 Contact Inputs .......................................................................................................................................4 - 361 Output Relays ........................................................................................................................................4 - 361 5.STATUS Breakers ............................................................................................................................................... 5 - 1 Last Trip Data..................................................................................................................................... 5 - 2 Arc Flash............................................................................................................................................... 5 - 3 Contact Inputs ................................................................................................................................... 5 - 3 Output Relays .................................................................................................................................... 5 - 4 Virtual Inputs ...................................................................................................................................... 5 - 5 Virtual Outputs .................................................................................................................................. 5 - 6 Flex State ............................................................................................................................................. 5 - 6 Communications .............................................................................................................................. 5 - 7 GOOSE Rx and Tx.......................................................................................................................................5 - 7 Information ......................................................................................................................................... 5 - 9 Main CPU .......................................................................................................................................................5 - 9 Comms CPU .............................................................................................................................................. 5 - 10 Hardware Versions ................................................................................................................................ 5 - 10 Device Status ...................................................................................................................................5 - 11 Clock.....................................................................................................................................................5 - 12 PTP Status..........................................................................................................................................5 - 13 6.METERING Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 6 - 4 Transformer........................................................................................................................................ 6 - 5 Percent Differential Current .................................................................................................................6 - 6 Windings........................................................................................................................................................6 - 7 Thermal Elements .....................................................................................................................................6 - 8 Tap Changer ................................................................................................................................................6 - 9 Currents ..............................................................................................................................................6 - 10 Voltages..............................................................................................................................................6 - 12 Frequency .........................................................................................................................................6 - 13 Volts Per Hertz .................................................................................................................................6 - 14 Harmonic Magnitude ...................................................................................................................6 - 14 Harmonics 1(Harmonics 4) ........................................................................................................6 - 15 Harmonic Detection......................................................................................................................6 - 15 Synchrocheck ..................................................................................................................................6 - 17 Power...................................................................................................................................................6 - 18 Energy .................................................................................................................................................6 - 19 Power Factor ....................................................................................................................................6 - 20 Current Demand 1.........................................................................................................................6 - 20 Current Demand K1 ......................................................................................................................6 - 20 Current Demand K2 ......................................................................................................................6 - 21 Directional Power...........................................................................................................................6 - 22 Arc Flash.............................................................................................................................................6 - 22 RTDs......................................................................................................................................................6 - 23 RTD Maximums ...............................................................................................................................6 - 24 Analog Inputs...................................................................................................................................6 - 25 FlexElements ....................................................................................................................................6 - 25 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL V 7.RECORDS Events.....................................................................................................................................................7 - 1 Transient Records.............................................................................................................................7 - 2 Fault Reports.......................................................................................................................................7 - 3 Data Logger.........................................................................................................................................7 - 3 Breakers ................................................................................................................................................7 - 4 Breaker Arcing Current........................................................................................................................... 7 - 4 Breaker Health ........................................................................................................................................... 7 - 4 Digital Counters .................................................................................................................................7 - 5 Clear Records .....................................................................................................................................7 - 6 8.TRANSFORMER DGA Monitoring .................................................................................................................................8 - 1 M&D Device Data .........................................................................................................................................8 - 3 Dissolved Gas Analysis ..................................................................................................................8 - 3 Learned Data Records....................................................................................................................8 - 4 Energization Records ......................................................................................................................8 - 5 Digital Fault Records .......................................................................................................................8 - 6 Models....................................................................................................................................................8 - 6 Transformer Models................................................................................................................................. 8 - 6 DGA Models ................................................................................................................................................. 8 - 7 Historical Maximum Record ........................................................................................................8 - 8 Transformer Health Report ..........................................................................................................8 - 8 DGA Historical Trend.......................................................................................................................8 - 9 9.MAINTENANCE Environmental Health Report .....................................................................................................9 - 1 A.APPENDIX A Warranty ..............................................................................................................................................A - 1 Revision history .................................................................................................................................A - 1 Major Updates............................................................................................................................................ A - 2 VI 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL GE Grid Solutions 845 Transformer Protection System Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction The Multilin 845 relay is a microprocessor-based unit intended for the management and primary protection of the medium to large size medium voltage (MV) and high voltage (HV) power transformers. Both 2-winding and 3-winding transformers are supported. The 845 relay provides a number of primary and backup current and voltage based protection functions. This system allows for control of the circuit breakers at each winding plus a number of monitoring and control functions are also provided. Overview Each relay provides protection, control, and monitoring functions with both local and remote human interfaces. They also display the present trip/alarm conditions, and most of the more than 35 measured system parameters. Recording of past trip, alarm or control events, maximum demand levels, and energy consumption is also performed. These relays contain many innovative features. To meet diverse utility standards and industry requirements, these features have the flexibility to be programmed to meet specific user needs. This flexibility will naturally make a piece of equipment difficult to learn. To aid new users in getting basic protection operating quickly, setpoints are set to typical default values and advanced features are disabled. These settings can be reprogrammed at any time. Programming can be accomplished with the front panel keys and display. Due to the numerous settings, this manual method can be somewhat laborious. To simplify programming and provide a more intuitive interface, setpoints can be entered with a PC running the EnerVista 8 Setup software provided with the relay. Even with minimal computer knowledge, this menu-driven software provides easy access to all front panel functions. Actual values and setpoints can be displayed, altered, stored, and printed. If settings are stored in a setpoint file, they can be downloaded at any time to the front panel program port of the relay via a computer cable connected to the serial port of any personal computer. A summary of the available functions and a single-line diagram of protection and control features is shown below. For a complete understanding of each feature operation, refer to Chapter 4: Setpoints. The logic diagrams include a reference to every setpoint related to a feature and show all logic signals passed between individual features. Information related to the selection of settings for each setpoint is also provided. 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–1 DESCRIPTION OF THE 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION RELAY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Description of the 845 Transformer Protection Relay CPU Relay functions are controlled by two processors: a Freescale MPC5125 32-bit microprocessor that measures all analog signals and digital inputs and controls all output relays, and a Freescale MPC8358 32-bit microprocessor that controls all the advanced Ethernet communication protocols. Analog Input and Waveform Capture Magnetic transformers are used to scale-down the incoming analog signals from the source instrument transformers. The analog signals are then passed through a 11.5 kHz low pass analog anti-aliasing filter. All signals are then simultaneously captured by sample and hold buffers to ensure there are no phase shifts. The signals are converted to digital values by a 16-bit A/D converter before finally being passed on to the CPU for analysis. The 'raw' samples are scaled in software, then placed into the waveform capture buffer, thus emulating a fault recorder. The waveforms can be retrieved from the relay via the EnerVista 8 Series Setup software for display and diagnostics. Frequency Frequency measurement is accomplished by measuring the time between zero crossings of the composite signal of three-phase bus voltages, line voltage or three-phase currents. The signals are passed through a low pass filter to prevent false zero crossings. Frequency tracking utilizes the measured frequency to set the sampling rate for current and voltage which results in better accuracy for the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm for off- nominal frequencies. The main frequency tracking source uses three-phase bus voltages. The frequency tracking is switched automatically by an algorithm to the alternative reference source, i.e., three-phase currents signal or line voltage for the configuration of tie-breaker, if the frequency detected from the three-phase voltage inputs is declared invalid. The switching will not be performed if the frequency from the alternative reference signal is detected invalid. Upon detecting valid frequency on the main source, the tracking will be switched back to the main source. If a stable frequency signal is not available from all sources, then the tracking frequency defaults to the nominal system frequency. Phasors, Transients, and Harmonics All waveforms are processed eight times every cycle with a DC decaying removal filter and a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The resulting phasors have fault current transients and all harmonics removed. This results in an overcurrent relay that is extremely secure and reliable and one that will not overreach. Processing of AC Current Inputs The DC Decaying Removal Filter is a short window digital filter, which removes the DC decaying component from the asymmetrical current present at the moment a fault occurs. This is done for all current signals used for overcurrent protection; voltage signals use the same DC Decaying Removal Filter. This filter ensures no overreach of the overcurrent protection. The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) uses exactly one cycle of samples to calculate a phasor quantity which represents the signal at the fundamental frequency; all harmonic components are removed. All subsequent calculations (e.g. power, etc.) are based upon the current and voltage phasors, such that the resulting values have no harmonic components. RMS (root mean square) values are calculated from one cycle of samples prior to filtering. Protection Elements All voltage, current and frequency protection elements are processed eight times every cycle to determine if a pickup has occurred or a timer has expired. The voltage and current protection elements use RMS current/voltage, or the magnitude of the phasor. 1–2 845 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

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