8051 Microcontroller architecture, programming and application

234 Pages·2012·21.937 MB·English

by  Mahalakshmi, M.

8051 Microcontroller Architecture,
Programming and Application

8051 Microcontroller
Architecture, Programming
and Application
M. Mahalakshmi
M.Sc.,M.Phil
Department of Computer Science
Sri Vasavi College,
Erode, Tamilnadu
University science Press
(An Imprint of Laxmi Publications Pvt. Ltd.)
Bangalore  Chennai  CoChin  guwahati  hyderaBad
Jalandhar  KolKata  luCKnow  mumBai  Patna
ranChi   new delhi
Copyright © 2012 by Laxmi Publications Pvt. Ltd. All rights
reserved with the publishers. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording
or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Published by :
University science Press
(An Imprint of Laxmi Publications Pvt. Ltd.)
113, Golden House, Daryaganj,
New Delhi-110002
Phone : [phone]
Fax : [phone]
www.laxmipublications.com
[email protected]
First Edition : 2012
Offices
 Bangalore 080-26 75 69 30  chennai 044-24 34 47 26
 cochin 0484-237 70 04, 405 13 03  Guwahati 0361-254 36 69, 251 38 81
 Hyderabad 040-24 65 23 33  Jalandhar 0181-222 12 72
 Kolkata 033-22 27 43 84  Lucknow 0522-220 95 78
 Mumbai 022-24 91 54 15, 24 92 78 69  Patna 09893476827
 Ranchi 0651-221 47 64
UMA-9652-175-8051 MICRO ARCH PRO APP-MAH c—
Typeset at : AV Compositors, New Delhi. Printed at : Mehra Offset Press
F
oreword
It’s my pleasant privilege to write a foreword for this book “8051 Microcontroller Architecture,
Programming and Application”. The purpose of this book is to present, as clearly as possible,
the principles of 8051 microcontroller.
The contents of the book are well organized and written in a simple language with numerous
worked example and exercise problems with answers. The level of presentation is suitable for
self study. The book is intended for introductory microcontroller courses at the under graduate
level in technology and engineering.
Myself being a teacher in the field of computer science. I strongly recommend this book to
every electronics and computer science students. The questions at the end of the chapters not
only clearly underline the author’s experience and sound theoretical knowledge, but also indicate
her deep commitment to the subject. This book will be boon to the microcontroller beginners and
experts.
Prof. B.Mahalingam,
Head, Department of Computer Science,
Sri Vasavi College,
Vasavi College PO,
Erode – 638 316.
P
reFace
It is written for the individual who wishes to learn the Microcontroller. The material in this book
is appropriate for an introductory course in digital logic in either a computer or an electronic
program. It is also appropriate for the self study and as reference for individuals working in
this field.
At the end of each chapter have review questions, called self tests, which are intended to be
a self check of key ideas and concepts. In any subject area, there are many terms and concepts
to be learned.
Every major concept is worked out through examples, to a numerical conclusion. The student
can work any example to test the validity of the concept and draw their own conclusions. In
addition to the numerous examples, each chapter concludes with a wide variety of questions.
This book aims at providing the students with the understanding of the basic operating
principles of microcontroller. A text should be sufficiently clear to enable the reader to understand
the material well by its reading with realism.
All topics have been explained in simple language with illustrations, block diagrams,
specifications, applications, comparative table and examples. Summary has been added at
the end of the each chapter and besides the review questions, the objective type questions and
numerical questions have been given to help the students.
I hope the book will be found useful by the students and instructors alike. I have benefited
from the assistance of a number of people in reviewing, writing and producing this text. I would
like to take this opportunity to thank the following reviewers who providing many helpful,
construction and suggestions.
—Author
c
ontents
CHAPTER 1 : MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER 1—11
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Microprocessor and Microcontroller 1
1.2.1 Microprocessor 1
1.2.2 Microcontroller 2
1.2.3 Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller 4
1.3 Microcomputer Organization 5
1.3.1 Introduction 5
1.3.2 Basic Components of Microcomputer 5
1.3.3 Program Memory 6
1.3.4 Data Memory 6
1.3.5 Input Ports 6
1.3.6 Output Ports 6
1.3.7 Clock Generator 6
1.3.8 Central Processing Unit 6
1.4 Evolution of Microprocessor 7
1.5 8051 Flavors 10
1.6 Summary 10
1.7 Questions 11
CHAPTER 2 : NUMBER SYSTEM 12—27
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Decimal System 12
2.3 Binary System 12
2.4 Binary Addition and Subtraction 13
2.4.1 Binary Addition 13
2.4.2 Binary Subtraction 14
2.5 Binary Multiplication and Division 15
2.5.1 Binary Multiplication 15
2.5.2 Binary Division 16
2.6 Converting Decimal Number to Binary 18
2.7 Converting Binary Number to Decimal 18
2.8 Negative Number Representation 19
2.8.1 The Signed Magnitude Method 19
2.8.2 One’s Complement Method 20
2.8.3 Two’s Complement Method 21
2.9 Decimal Components 21
2.9.1 9’s Complement 21
2.9.2 10’s Complement 21
2.10 Octal Number System 22
2.11 Convert Binary to Octal 23
2.12 Convert Decimal to Octal 23
2.13 Hexadecimal 24
2.14 Convert Binary to Hexadecimal 24
2.15 Convert Hexadecimal to Decimal 24
2.16 Excess-3 Code 25
2.17 Gray Code 25
2.18 Summary 26
2.19 Questions 26
CHAPTER 3 : THE 8051 ARCHITECTURE 28—68
3.1 Introduction 28
3.2 Microcontroller Standard 28
3.3 The Features of the 8051 29
3.4 8051 Microcontroller Hardware 30
3.4.1 8051 Architecture 30
3.4.2 Pin-out Diagram of 8051 31
3.4.3 8051 Oscillator and Clock 31
3.4.4 Input/output Ports (I/O Ports) 31
3.4.5 DPTR Register (Date Pointer) 35
3.4.6 Program Counter 36
3.4.7 Register Set 36
3.4.8 Flags and PSW 38
3.4.9 Stack and Stack Pointer 39
3.4.10 Special Function Register 39
3.5 8051 Microcontroller Memory Organization 40
3.6 Internal Memory 43
3.6.1 Internal RAM 43
3.6.2 Additional Memory Block of data memory 43