2002 - Practitioner's Guide to Empirically Based Measures of Anxiety - Antony, Roemer & Orsillo

514 Pages·2008·14.19 MB·English

PRACTITIONER'S
GUIDE TO
EMPIRICALLY BASED
MEASURES OF
ANXIETY
AABT CLINICAL ASSESSMENT SERIES
Series Editor
Sharon L. Foster
California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, California
PRACTITIONER’S GUIDE TO EMPIRICALLY BASED MEASURES OF ANXIETY
Edited by Martin M. Antony, Susan M. Orsillo, and Lizabeth Roemer
PRACTITIONER’S GUIDE TO EMPIRICALLY BASED MEASURES OF DEPRESSION
Edited by Arthur M. Nezu, George F. Ronan, Elizabeth A. Meadows, and Kelly S. McClure
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume
immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact
the publisher.
PRACTITIONER'S
GUIDE TO
EMPIRICALLY BASED
MEASURES OF
ANXIETY
Edited by
Martin M. Antony
St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, and McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Susan M. Orsillo
VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
and
Lizabeth Roemer
University of Massachusetts at Boston
Boston, Massachusetts
Published under the auspices of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBookISBN: 0-306-47628-2
Print ISBN: 0-306-46582-5
©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
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Print ©2001 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
New York
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Contributors
Martin M. Antony Anxiety Treatment and Research Centre, St. Joseph’s Healthcare,
Hamilton, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster Univer-
sity, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
Sonja V. Batten National Center for PTSD–Women’s Health Sciences Division, Boston
VA Healthcare System, and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
02130
J. Gayle Beck Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo,
Buffalo, New York 14260
Bruce F. Chorpita Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hono-
lulu, Hawaii 96822
John P. Forsyth Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of
New York, Albany, New York 12222
Steven Friedman Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Health
Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York 11203
Charity Hammond National Center for PTSD–Women’s Health Sciences Division,
Boston VA Healthcare System, and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massa-
chusetts 02130
Larry W. Hawk, Jr. Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo,
Buffalo, New York 14260-4110
Maria Karekla Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of
New York, Albany, New York 12222
Randi E. McCabe Anxiety Treatment and Research Centre, St. Joseph’s Hospital, and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
Eden Medaglia Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Boston,
Boston, Massachusetts 02125
Jennifer S. Mills Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3,
Canada
v
vi CONTRIBUTORS
Susan M. Orsillo National Center for PTSD–Women’s Health Sciences Division, Bos-
ton VA Healthcare System, and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
02130
Lizabeth Roemer Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Boston,
Boston, Massachusetts 02125
Melinda A. Stanley Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of
Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77025
Laura J. Summerfeldt Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough,
Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
Alissa A. Taylor Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu,
Hawaii 96822
Andrew R. Yartz Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo,
Buffalo, New York 14260-4110
Series Preface
“Where can I find a copy of ...?”
“I have a client coming in who’s anxious—do you have any good measures?”
Several times a year I look up from my desk to answer questions like these from graduate
students and colleagues. My answers invariably disappoint them: I recite a litany of not very
fruitful alternatives for finding the measures they seek. “Well, you can check the original
article, but that probably won’t have a copy. Or you can call the originator of the instrument. If
you can’t find the person or if he or she doesn’t return your call, you can try getting a copy from
someone who’s used the instrument. But be sure to ask if it’s copyrighted. Then make sure you
look up the literature on its reliability and validity....”
Difficulties in locating assessment devices and finding evaluative information on their
psychometric properties vex researchers and clinicians alike. Such difficultieslikely contrib-
ute to failure to use assessment tools that could greatly enhance a clinician’s practice and may
fuel continuing complaints about the schism between research and practice. Indeed, although
many mental health professionals receive training in the scientific foundations of clinical
practice, numerous surveys question their application of this training in practice settings after
graduate school ends (e.g., Morrow-Bradley & Elliott, 1986; Swan & MacDonald, 1978).
The need for scientifically sound but practical clinical tools is relevant for clinical assess-
ment, intervention, and research. Increasing demands from third-party payers for accoun-
tability information have produced increased needs for practical assessment tools that yield
useful information about changes in clients’ functioning over time. Yet many graduate training
courses provide little instruction in assessment other than traditional personality and intellec-
tual assessment approaches (Aiken, West, Sechrest, & Reno, 1990), leaving many mental
health professionals with limited information about alternatives to these approaches. As
mentioned, obtaining copies of assessment devices for particular problem areas is a challenge
because many are not readily available. Finally, although occasional reviews of assessment
devices appear in the literature, few sources exist that enable clinicians and researchers to
appraise reliability and validity evidence for particular assessment tools and to compare
different instruments. This kind of information is essential in deciding whether the psycho-
metric properties of measurementinstruments are sufficiently strong to warrant their use.
The AABT Clinical Assessment Series, developed by the Association for Advancement
of Behavior Therapy, addresses these issues. Each volume examines a different clinical
problem area and provides critical overviews of key assessment issues and available assess-
ment tools for use in the area. Convenient summary tables compare and contrast different
instruments in terms of their time requirements and suitability for different assessment
purposes. Finally, and most importantly, each volume provides a summary of reliability and
vii
viii SERIESPREFACE
validity information about each instrumentalong withsample copies of the instruments, or, for
commercially available instruments,samples of the instrument content and information about
how to purchase the assessment device. These compendia of information provide valuable
resources for practicing clinicians and for researchers who wish to develop state-of-the-
science assessment strategies for clinical problems and to make informed choices about which
devices best suit their purposes. This volume, the second in the series, addresses anxiety
disorders in adult populations. It follows the first volume in the series on depression (Nezu,
Ronan, Meadows, & McClure, 2000). The third volume will focus on child behavior problems
in school settings.
The AABT Clinical Assessment Series was the brainchild of a number of individuals at
the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy with the imagination and initiative to
bring this project into being. Lizette Peterson and LindaSobell deserve special recognition for
their vision and persistence in launching this project. David Teisler provided invaluable
support and liaison work between the editors and the organization. Mariclaire Cloutier at
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers greatly assisted with the production of the volume and
in supporting the efforts required to bring this project to fruition. And of course, the editors of
this volume-Marty Antony, Sue Orsillo, and Liz Roemer—collected massive amounts of
information and carefully selected the topics and instruments they would cover to offer state-
of-the-science approaches that are also relevant to the concerns of practicing clinicians.
WHO SHOULD USE THIS BOOK?
This book is written for practitioners who assess and treat anxious clients and who wish to
make their assessment practices more systematic, want to have assessment devices readily
available, and want to expand their assessment practices with the most up-to-date approaches.
Although the volume is produced in conjunction with the Association for Advancement of
Behavior Therapy, the volume is not for behaviorists only—any empirically minded clinician
should find this compendium valuable. In addition, the volume should prove useful for
researchers who wish to compare and contrast various measurement tools for assessing
depression and related constructs. Finally, the volume will prove invaluable for professors like
myself in helping students and colleagues find easy answers to questions like those posed at
the beginning of this preface.
REFERENCES
Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., Sechrest, L., & Reno, R. R. (1990). Graduate training in statistics, methodology, and
measurement in psychology: A survey of Ph.D. programs in North America. American Psychologist, 45,
721–734.
Morrow-Bradley, C., & Elliott, R. (1986). Utilization of psychotherapy research by practicing psychotherapists.
American Psychologist, 41, 188–197.
Nezu, A. M., Ronan, G. F., Meadows, E. A., & McClure, K. S. (Eds.) (2000). Practitioner’s guide to empirically based
measures of depression. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Swan, G. E., & MacDonald, M. L. (1978). Behavior therapy in practice: A national survey of behavior therapists.
Behavior Therapy, 8, 799–807.
Sharon L. Foster
San Diego, CA
Preface
According to recent estimates, one in four people will experience an anxiety disorder at some
time in his or her life. Anxiety disorders can negatively affect all aspects of an individual’s
quality of life, including the ability to establish and maintain satisfying relationships and to
succeed in the workplace. In rare cases, sufferers can become housebound. Furthermore, a
number of studies have found that anxiety disorders pose a substantial economic burden, both
on those who suffer from anxiety and on society as a whole. To further complicate matters,
anxiety disorders frequently co-occur with one another, and with other psychological dis-
orders, including depression, substance use disorders, somatoform disorders, and eating dis-
orders, which can result in a complicated and unwieldy presentation.
Despite the high prevalence and severe impairment that is often associated with anxiety
disorders, people who suffer from anxiety are often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, and as a
result may fail to find appropriate treatment. In addition, many clinicians are unfamiliar with
the range of instruments and scales that are available to assess individuals suffering from
anxiety. The purpose of this book is to provide a resource that contains information on almost
all of the measures that have been demonstrated to be useful for measuring the presence and
severity of anxiety and related problems. This is the second volume in the AABT Clinical
Assessment Series, following the initial volume on assessment instruments for depression.
This book includes reviews of more than 200 instruments for measuring anxiety-related
constructs in adults, including self-report instruments and clinician-administered scales. It
includes chapters on instruments for particular anxiety disorders (e.g., panic disorder, specific
and social phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, posttrau-
matic and acute stress disorders) as well as anxiety measures that do not emphasize the
features of a particular disorder. This volume also includes brief review chapters on related
topics such as behavioral and psychophysiological assessment, and assessment of anxiety in
special populations (e.g., across cultures, in older adults). Finally, there are a number of
appendixes that almost all clinicians and researchers who work with anxious individuals will
find invaluable. Appendix A includes a series of quick-view guides summarizing the main
features of the measures reviewed in this book. Appendix B contains reprinted versions of
more than 75 of the most popular instruments for assessing anxiety. Finally, a Glossary is
included to provide the reader with definitions of terms that are used throughout this book.
We would like to thank a number of people for helping us bring this volume to
completion. First, we thank our students and colleagues who assisted us with the seemingly
endless process of organizing the materials for Part 2 and the appendixes, and for ensuring that
all of the details are as accurate as possible. In particular, we thank the authors of the measures
we included, who provided us with essential information and feedback throughout this
ix
x PREFACE
process. A heartfelt thank-you also goes to Uppala Chandrasekera, Charity Hammond, Eden
Medaglia, Robin Smith, and Lisa Young for their invaluable help. We also wish to thank
Sharon Foster, Debra Hope, Art Nezu, Linda Sobell, and David Teisler for helping to get this
project off the ground and for inviting us to participate in this important series. Thanks also to
the staff at Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, especially Mariclaire Cloutier, Teresa
Krauss, and Andrea Macaluso, for their support, assistance, and patience during the prepara-
tion of this manuscript. Finally, we wish to thank those in our lives who saw significantly less
of us than we all would have liked while we worked on this book. Thanks to our friends,
family, colleagues, and students for being so understanding.
Martin M. Antony
Toronto, ON
Susan M. Orsillo
Boston, MA
Lizabeth Roemer
Boston, MA