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1999 road-plot survey of dwarf mistletoe and comandra blister rust diseases of lodgepole pine on the Bighorn National Forest PDF

28 Pages·2003·2.8 MB·English
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Preview 1999 road-plot survey of dwarf mistletoe and comandra blister rust diseases of lodgepole pine on the Bighorn National Forest

Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. a$#763._A17B56 1999 Road-Plot Survey of Dwarf Mistletoe and Comandra Blister Rust Diseases of Lodgepole Pine on the Bighorn National Forest Biological Evaluation R2-03-07 By: Isl Wert Lyn Farris Jeri Lyn Harris Forest Health Monitoring Coordinator, Forest Health Management Approved: Is/ Prauk Y. (r008 Frank J. Cross Group Leader, Forest Health Management USDA Forest Service Renewable Resources Rocky Mountain Region 740 Simms Street Golden, CO 80401 Abstract: In 1999, a road-plot survey of dwarf mistletoe and comandra blister rust diseases was conducted in lodgepole pine stands on the Bighorn National Forest. An increase in dwarf mistletoe disease incidence and a reduction of comandra blister rust disease incidence were found during this study. Reports from previous road-plot surveys reported dwarf mistletoe incidence in this area as 31% (Hawksworth 1958) and 36% (Johnson et al. 1979). Survey data from this 1999 study indicated a conservative estimate of 44% of lodgepole pines near the roads was infected with dwarf mistletoe. Variable-radius plots were installed at three-mile intervals along the roads to evaluate the lodgepole pine for dwarf mistletoe and comandra blister rust diseases. Dwarf mistletoe and/or comandra blister rust infect over 86% of the lodgepole pines along the roads of the Bighorn National Forest. Greater emphasis on suppression work for these two diseases on the Bighorn National Forest would reduce these disease incidences and promote improved forest health. Introduction Past road-plot surveys conducted on the Bighorn National Forest (Hawksworth 1958, Johnson et al. 1979) indicated an increasing incidence of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Hawksworth reported in 1958 that 31% of 146 miles through lodgepole pine stands of the Bighorn National Forest were infected with dwarf mistletoe. Twenty years later, Johnson et al. (1979) duplicated the methodology used in the road plot studies and evaluated the same roads used in the Hawksworth survey, including newer roads built through lodgepole pine stands. Johnson et al. (1979) found 36.3% of 174 miles through lodgepole pine forest types near roads were infected with dwarf mistletoe. They assessed growth loss and mortality caused by dwarf mistletoe on the Bighorn National Forest; subsequently, their findings were often used to promote dwarf mistletoe suppression work on the forest. Some dwarf mistletoe suppression work has occurred on the Bighorn National Forest in the last 30 years (Drummond and Johnson 1986, Johnson 1987) but the disease appears to have increased in incidence and severity since the Johnson survey in 1978. The incidence of Comandra blister rust disease, caused by the fungus, Cronartium comandrae, was also evaluated during the Johnson et al. (1979) survey. They found that almost 72% of the lodgepole pine stands along the Bighorn National Forest roads contained comandra blister rust infected trees, however, the severities of those infections were not evaluated in the 1979 study. In the 1958 survey, Hawksworth did not record any comandra blister rust disease incidence perhaps due to minimal, visible damage by this fungus during the 1950's. $¢ 4 ad a yh : 7 ’ ‘ A ea ’ $ EF 7 a 4 ’ » 5. * 7 ’ 26xS6aib ten vetelld stbuaniotsi e soley rl wer S107 isnoitSlt serigit art no briana bohved i ey“ ye y BNE NOS to AoteYhel £ rie eget Wewk pis 26 0m . not 2hoqerl youeelef pritub bina stow alnerroe saheait) mill = Bah aint! 1 sonebiod eghaiiain Mah hshoqsreven:i e YokPiei Fite ssi sictt p¢ e MSD vavnle (CVG) Made nook) ae ia (eae! noweswekt oe fe, ach san 2aniq slogagbat to thet oa ns) igs Switevrs6nB get e,i ba tes et in Dattani ew stolq suitenaligin’ aptolitin hawt dliw fet sitksiwa new toi ong ecqaybeberr sreuleve ui; anaot ert Gris ale Sec l geeis h > OnE 90 1O\DNE aui-stielen hoe ésesoein jac senile monary =é ae mort enh to eooo1 att onote saqiq-eloneghal cit *D iOS teve ! ; | fei Pt | 3 ecu s2ib ows NEAT iO) OM MOIAEatte tro ake Grin Tene menos Ce "7 ie ésongbion aenuaib eéert sorbet ldew jee lsnotev ibeiglsl oily steer Joel bevolger aes7 notte virk ritcimiwnh) 1c! tarigitsl phere! art ac HehOulno Byewale WAY DsoT Ms ectatienn hab §o aonabion Ghigsévent me.baisxibny (CTO! ee naenriolF ‘ihow@hves (ACINO® UNA) Srie gloaiipmel mm: doug hore 8 to atie'2 eniq siogepsol.dguewtt asin Gbr to oe re tert BOGE fab: NOhst Mas yowwT .oofatianwn Mawh Miw beagle crew tenoF larvuiteld asihuls dol omg) scp! 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Crews from the Rapid City Service Center, a FHM unit, traveled many of the same roads (Figure 1) used in the Hawksworth 1958 and Johnson et a/. 1979 surveys. We evaluated the current incidence and severity of dwarf mistletoe and comandra blister rust diseases on the Bighorn National Forest. The incidences and severities found by FHM in 1999 were compared to previous estimates of Hawksworth (1958) and Johnson et al. (1979). Methods In 1999, field crews traveled the same roads and used the same survey methods as described in the Hawksworth 1958 and Johnson et a/.1979 studies. Some of the roads surveyed by Johnson et a/. 1979 were under construction, closed, or obliterated in 1999. Plots were evaluated at three-mile intervals throughout the road-plot survey. Incidences and infection severities of dwarf mistletoe and comandra blister rust diseases were recorded during the road-plot survey. Road Survey Methods Forest roads through stands with lodgepole pine were traversed by FHM driving at 10 — 15 miles per hour. This slow speed allowed surveyors to observe and record general stand conditions and dwarf mistletoe infection of lodgepole pine along the right side of the road about 1 chain (66 feet) deep into the stand. At every tenth of a mile, field crews evaluated the amount of infected lodgepole pines observed in that road segment. An intensity rating was given to each road segment as follows: 0 = no dwarf mistletoe observed, 1 = dwarf mistletoe observed on 1/3 or less of the lodgepole pines, 2 = dwarf mistletoe observed on 2/3 or less of the lodgepole pines, and 3 = dwarf mistletoe observed on more than 2/3 of the lodgepole pines. Other data recorded for each 0.1-mile segment were comandra blister rust incidence, non-disease disturbances, forest vegetation types, and major tree size. For each road segment, occurrences of topkilled lodgepole pines with distinct, yellowing cankers caused by comandra blister rust infection were noted. Easily observed disturbances such as cutting (thinning or harvesting) and fire (prescribed or wildfire) were recorded. Areas with no disturbances were also recorded. Forest vegetation types were categorized as pure lodgepole pine, mixed conifer, or aspen/lodgepole pine mix. Tree size for the majority of the trees in the road segment was determined as mature (dbh>9”), pole (4”’<dbh<9”), or sapling (dbh <4’). 6 bedoubioo ewer (MHA) ineamegen daieden. ~ feners io nihadl cl > Tein.) eolvies WiC bigah arf ow award G0) ePsareedeyte . cthowerwerbt ert ml Dee au {7 engi) Zhe aries arth io yaar belavett., AH} brie eunebondi rnd art batsvievas\W ayeviue €60r jn to noshitol brit nodgi8 807 oo 4ecsenb lent tetetd srongmoetrs ectaheer tobe Sonal 97aw FST | nee i Onol esithbae v2eegnsab.io n ari} e010} lancit se noencio’ bic (Sa0T) ihoweéwer to sefamilag gucivaig of bsiEe nes 2 = shaNelA %. oe! ebomiam yovws Sines ert beew Dns eben amee er? Dolavirt ewois diet BeOl A lo ernae .eoituie OVOT ile neenmol tine BACT dhe cdweH ert mi bedhozeh: "O Peano (hou arco 16bhu alow BTS Ap | inieshid i. vd Geyaviva peeiee a lieorigQuowll chevrarni slin-pevl* j6 betsulavs evew sold .eeet ni botnet Ons Gules hmwh te celtijoyse ofloalni a: Oiehionl .vevive tola-b YOVive JORP DSO! I wh OEROIe! Brew eeeneelh Mun eleild sib a oo: . 2) rit ivi ye We 2Sa t" 4 By 7 privol MAA yd bearevenl etaw anic dabei citiw ebrinta figaovrts ebaon talent OMS SWiORIO OF CTyiNUe Dewols.basce wole ala? wor jeq aph l bch ts amp slous@bol fo NOI eofetaiT héawD ors arcihnoos brats isyeneg b iA. ,onsic an am qeeb (foe! OM) nieria t JuadBs bao ortot ab i2 irinn aettp e sloget ao Det etal te Inworms att bateulsve awano bici? .slitn 6 lo Minaty rr DSO (One Of NaMp Baw Ofils yileoaini 14 JInempges bao tori! ri boyweedo2 ewoilote s Inemige 7 bangecio golstizin: hswb on = oO.= aig HOQSpbol ont to e2a)10 E\i, na bewrsado eolsttaim hawb « 7 a Mis zor sloqeobo! ari! jo 226! 16 E\S no bevisedo ectailein hswo=S 260g slogeacho ert to E\S nerit SION NO bavieado seamen hewb =€. be " Gs tani valaiid sibnainoe exawJ nomgen ei:p ete 00P8i1e Baab) : O57? 1OkaM bis home see ¢ thats Dor Bort aa (tiv! B8nig sicgegbol Lalliigat te zadgnanui29 ztngonr ose 103 # -, n DASOR Sey (OMDOTIW Teun: = hnsn 4 onDiv as R9s . enSlneo priwollay 40 ent bap (pn .r ite i J9 2e0nadhuielh bevieedcy ! 4 Oalh c1ew 2eonacuielly or (liv eset. .bebosep crew fetiibliwo bedisse | rata € ss a ee oe a ~ paths» ‘lie nie ata: dah i 24 pups hwiets Pigs. j ‘ ‘ Hwy 14 To Sheridan To Lovell Greybull Hwy 16 To Worland All lines Are Approsctmate Figure 1. High-lighted roads of the Bighorn National Forest traveled through lodgepole pine stands during a road-plot, disease survey. Forty-four plots were installed at 3-mile intervals along the 146.5 miles surveyed for dwarf mistletoe and comandra blister rust diseases. Many of these same roads were used in similar road-plot surveys of 1958 and 1979.

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