Your Child Does Not Have Bipolar Disorder: How Bad Science and Good Public Relations Created the Diagnosis PDF
Preview Your Child Does Not Have Bipolar Disorder: How Bad Science and Good Public Relations Created the Diagnosis
Your Child Does N ot Have Bipolar Disorder Recent Titles in Childhood in America All Work and No Play . . . : How Educational Reforms Are Harming Our Preschoolers Sharna Olfman, editor Childhood Lost: How American Culture Is Failing Our Kids Sharna Olfman, editor No Child Left Different Sharna Olfman, editor The Last Normal Child: Essays on the Intersection of Kids, Culture, and Psychiatric Drugs Lawrence H. Diller Bipolar Children: Cutting-Edge Controversy, Insights, and Research Sharna Olfman, editor The Sexualization of Childhood Sharna Olfman, editor How Dysfunctional Families Spur Mental Disorders: A Balanced Approach to Resolve Problems and Reconcile Relationships David M. Allen, MD Your Child Does N ot Have Bipolar Disorder How Bad Science and Good Public Relations Created the Diagnosis Stuart L. Kaplan, MD Childhood in America Sharna Olfman, Series Editor Copyright 2011 by Stuart L. Kaplan, MD All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys- tem, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, re- cording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kaplan, Stuart L. Your child does not have bipolar disorder : how bad science and good public relations created the diagnosis / Stuart L. Kaplan. p. cm. — (Childhood in America) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-313-38134-8 (hard copy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-313-38135-5 (ebook) 1. Manic-depressive illness in children—Popular works. I. Title. II. Series. RJ506.D4K37 2011 618.92’895—dc22 2010047612 ISBN: 978-0-313-38134-8 EISBN: 978-0-313-38135-5 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America To Joan Kaplan, my wife and soul mate, and to Lawrence Kaplan, my son and good friend In memory of my father, mother, and brother: Leonard Kaplan, Anne Kaplan, and Philip B. Kaplan Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii PART I. CRITIQUE OF PEDIATRIC BIPOLAR DISORDER 1 Adult Bipolar Disorder and the DSM System 3 Adult Bipolar Disorder 4 The DSM System 8 2 Pediatric Bipolar Disorder 15 Pediatric Bipolar Disorder as ADHD and ODD 17 The Development of the Diagnosis of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder 24 Bipolar Disorder in the Very Young 32 One Authoritative View 35 3 Some Studies of the Scientifi c Basis of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder 39 Genetics 40 Age of Onset: Family Studies 43 Age of Onset: Self-Report 46 Epidemiology 48 Treatment or Prevention? 50 viii CONTENTS 4 Cultural Infl uences in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder 55 How Culture Helps Shape Mental Illness 56 Pediatric Bipolar Disorder as a Media Event 58 Professional Support for the Diagnosis 64 Psychological Consequences of Misdiagnosis 68 Conclusion 71 5 Child and Adolescent Depression: A Brief Introduction 75 Diagnosing Depression in Children and Adolescents 76 The Diagnosis of Depression in Children and Adolescents and DSM-IV Criteria 77 Suicide 81 Depression and Bipolar Disorder 82 Conclusion 82 6 Did Romeo and Juliet Have Bipolar II Disorder? Bipolar Disorder in Adolescence 83 Romeo and Juliet 83 Aggression and the Misdiagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in an Adolescent 85 Bipolar Disorder in an Adolescent 86 Conclusion 88 PART II. MEDICATIONS AND PEDIATRIC BIPOLAR DISORDER 7 Three Medications for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder 93 Lithium 94 Valproate 97 Risperidone 99 Conclusion 103 8 Clinical Trials 109 A Change in Clinical Child Psychiatry 110 Introduction to Clinical Trials 112 Multisite Clinical Trials 113 Example of a Clinical Trial 115 Conclusion 120 9 Bad Science 121 The Importance of Falsifi cation 122 Diagnostic Errors 123 Mixing Apples and Oranges 126 Chicken or Egg? 126 Conclusion 127 CONTENTS ix 10 Stimulant Medications 129 Ethical Considerations 130 Increase of Use in Stimulant Medication 132 The MTA Study 134 Stimulant Risks 139 Conclusion 146 PART III. ADVICE FOR PARENTS 11 Medication Advice for Parents 153 Stimulant Medications 153 Antipsychotic Medications 155 12 A Family-Based Behavior Modifi cation Program for Oppositional Children 157 Reinforcing Bad Behavior 158 The Behavior Modifi cation Program: An Overview 160 Stage I: Rewards List 162 Stage II: Misbehavior List 164 Stage III: Baseline Data 165 Stage IV: Implementation 166 Family Therapy Considerations 169 For Parents Only 172 Afterword by Sharna Olfman, PhD 173 Index 175
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