Wireless connectivity: an intuitive and fundamental guide

409 Pages·2020·10.195 MB·English

by  Popovski, Petar

Wireless Connectivity

Wireless Connectivity
An Intuitive and Fundamental Guide
Petar Popovski
DepartmentofElectronicSystems
AalborgUniversity,Denmark
Thiseditionfirstpublished2020
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Inmemoryofmyfather,theunshakeableoptimist.

vii
Contents
Foreword xv
Acknowledgments xix
Acronyms xxi
1 AnEasyIntroductiontotheSharedWirelessMedium 3
1.1 HowtoBuildaSimpleModelforWirelessCommunication 4
1.1.1 WhichFeaturesWeWantfromtheModel 4
1.1.2 CommunicationChannelwithCollisions 4
1.1.3 Trade-offsintheCollisionModel 7
1.2 TheFirstContact 9
1.2.1 HierarchyHelpstoEstablishContact 9
1.2.2 WirelessRendezvouswithoutHelp 11
1.2.3 RendezvouswithFull-DuplexDevices 12
1.3 MultipleAccesswithCentralizedControl 12
1.3.1 AFrameforTimeDivision 13
1.3.2 FrameHeaderforFlexibleTimeDivision 14
1.3.3 ASimpleTwo-WaySystemthatWorksUndertheCollisionModel 15
1.3.4 StillNotaPracticalTDMASystem 18
1.4 MakingTDMADynamic 19
1.4.1 Circuit-SwitchedversusPacket-SwitchedOperation 19
1.4.2 DynamicAllocationofResourcestoUsers 20
1.4.3 ShortControlPacketsandtheIdeaofReservation 22
1.4.4 Half-DuplexversusFull-DuplexinTDMA 24
1.5 ChapterSummary 25
1.6 FurtherReading 25
1.7 ProblemsandReflections 26
2 RandomAccess:HowtoTalkinCrowdedDarkRoom 29
2.1 FramedALOHA 30
2.1.1 RandomizationthatMaximizestheALOHAThroughput 32
2.2 Probing 35
2.2.1 CombiningALOHAandProbing 39
viii Contents
2.3 CarrierSensing 39
2.3.1 RandomizationandSpectrumSharing 39
2.3.2 AnIdleSlotisCheap 41
2.3.3 FeedbacktotheTransmitter 43
2.4 RandomAccessandMultipleHops 45
2.4.1 UseofReservationPacketsinMulti-Hop 47
2.4.2 MultipleHopsandFull-Duplex 47
2.5 ChapterSummary 48
2.6 FurtherReading 48
2.7 ProblemsandReflections 48
3 AccessBeyondtheCollisionModel 53
3.1 DistanceGetsintotheModel 53
3.1.1 CommunicationDegradesastheDistanceIncreases 53
3.1.2 HowtoMaketheResultofaCollisionDependentontheDistance 55
3.2 SimplifiedDistanceDependence:ADoubleDiskModel 57
3.3 DownlinkCommunicationwiththeDoubleDiskModel 58
3.3.1 ACautiousExampleofaDesignthatReachestheLimitsoftheModel 61
3.4 UplinkCommunicationwiththeDoubleDiskModel 62
3.4.1 UplinkthatUsesMulti-PacketReception 64
3.4.2 BufferedCollisionsforFutureUse 64
3.4.3 ProtocolsthatUsePacketFractions 66
3.5 UnwrappingthePackets 68
3.6 ChapterSummary 69
3.7 FurtherReading 70
3.8 ProblemsandReflections 70
4 TheNetworkingCake:LayeringandSlicing 75
4.1 LayeringforaOne-WayLink 75
4.1.1 ModulesandtheirInterconnection 75
4.1.2 ThreeImportantConceptsinLayering 77
4.1.3 AnExampleofaTwo-LayerSystem 78
4.2 LayersandCross-Layer 79
4.3 ReliableandUnreliableServicefromaLayer 81
4.4 BlackBoxFunctionalityforDifferentCommunicationModels 84
4.5 StandardLayeringModels 86
4.5.1 ConnectionversusConnectionless 87
4.5.2 FunctionalityoftheStandardLayers 88
4.5.3 AVeryBriefLookattheNetworkLayer 89
4.6 AnAlternativeWirelessLayering 91
4.7 Cross-LayerDesignforMultipleHops 92
4.8 SlicingoftheWirelessCommunicationResources 94
4.8.1 Analog,Digital,Sliced 94
4.8.2 APrimeronWirelessSlicing 96
4.8.2.1 OrthogonalWirelessSlicing 96